Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-213).

In our study, Kneeling between the lines. A quantitative content analysis of how Swedish press portrays begging, we aim to investigate how Aftonbladet and Svenska Dagbladet, two Swedish national newspapers, with different ideological orientations, portray begging during the last year. Also, we intend to discuss the relationship between the newspapers' production of begging and the view of the Swedish welfare state.The purpose of this study is broken down into three questions: How are beggars portrayed in the two examined newspapers? Who/whom influence the discussion about begging in the two examined newspapers? How is the phenomenon explained in the two examined newspapers? – who/whom is responsible and what solutions are discussed? The method of the study is a quantitative content analysis, inspired by qualitative elements. We have analyzed 118 articles in total.Based on statistical generalizations, articles from both newspapers portray beggars in an inferior position. Also, it is unusual for those who personalize the phenomenon to influence the news reports. In Svenska Dagbladet, beggars are described in a more destructive and threatening position in comparison to Aftonbladet. In Aftonbladet, the cause of begging is commonly described as a problem of poverty or discrimination while in Svenska Dagbladet it is also portrayed as a consequence of drug abuse and human trafficking. The advocated solutions differbetween the papers. Aftonbladet proposes humanitarian actions while Svenska Dagbladet more often suggests juridical solutions such as a national ban. Based on a more socialist perspective on the welfare state, it is possible to concluded that Aftonbladet tends to have a more altruistic view of the phenomenon. This means that the Swedish state should support third parties without necessarily counting on something in return. Svenska Dagbladet, a newspaper which is more on the right in the ideological scale, appears to primarily advocate Swedish welfare to Swedish citizens.

Cette thèse porte sur la genèse de la politique familiale en Corée du Sud. Cette recherche présente dans un premier temps comment les mesures politiques en direction de la famille se sont développées depuis les années 1990. La démocratisation politique et sociale de la société coréenne a entraîné l’apparition de lois et de dispositifs dans le domaine de l’égalité entre les sexes et de la conciliation entre vie familiale et vie professionnelle. Le phénomène de la baisse de natalité était plus directement à l’origine de la naissance de la politique familiale dans les années 2000. Malgré le retard notable, le domaine de la politique familiale a évolué rapidement. Le ‘centre du soutien pour la famille saine’ est un exemple significatif et également symbolique de cette évolution récente, avec toutes ses limites. Malgré les efforts de l’Etat, ce centre affiche de nombreuses lacunes. Les dépenses réelles d'aides aux ménages sont faibles et les centres se contentent d'apporter un soutien d'ordre moral et préventif. On constate également la vulnérabilité de la condition des femmes dans leur travail professionnel et l’inégalité entre les femmes. Une minorité de femmes peuvent bénéficier du progrès acquis dans ce domaine. La dernière partie de la thèse situe le cas coréen dans les comparaisons internationales. Dans cette perspective, les typologies de la politique familiale et les expériences d’autres pays comme la France, le Japon, ou les pays d’Europe du Sud sont examinées. On peut constater le caractère résiduel des politiques menées en Corée du sud. Si la politique familiale y est désormais devenue explicite, elle demeure très limitée. L’auteur souligne donc le caractère limité de l’effort de l’Etat qui s’explique, en partie, par le maintien absolu du principe de la solidarité intrafamiliale. La raison de cette limite de la politique familiale réside en somme dans sa finalité même. Les institutions dans le domaine de la famille n’ont pas pour objectif de s’attaquer à l’origine des maux familiaux, mais d’aider les familles à les résoudre eux-mêmes ou en s’appuyant sur les réponses du marché. / This doctoral thesis deals with the genesis of family policy in South Korea. In the first chapter, we discuss in which context policies in support of family have appeared in Korea since 1990’s. It’s a political and social democratization which brought about the expansion of laws and regulations in the fields of gender equality and work-family balance. The decrease of birth rate influenced more directly the development of family policy in 2000’s. Despite its late development, family policy progressed rapidly. The ‘healthy family support center’ is a symbolic example of this recent change. However, despite of state’s efforts, this center is flawed. The direct financial support for inhabitants is too weak and the centres only offer moral and preventive supports. Women are still facing vulnerable conditions in their job and inequality between women is still important. Few women can benefit from this new development in family policy. The last part of the thesis positions South Korea in the comparative literature. In order to do this, diverse typologies of family policy and experiences of different countries like as France, Japan and South Europe are examined. In short, we can see residual characteristic of Korean welfare system. From now on, the family policy in South Korea became explicit, but still very limited in its applications. The thesis notes the limited effect of public interventions in the domain of family. Among the main reasons, the author underlines the maintenance of family support obligation principle. The reason of the limits of Korean family policy lies in its purpose itself. Main institutions of the field of family do not aim to attack the roots of family problems, but to help the family to solve them herself or through the market.

The subject of the thesis is an evaluation of how the economically active population of the Czech Republic is preparing for a time when they will receive a pension. The theoretical part is devoted to social policy, its basic characteristics and typology of social systems in Europe. This part is followed lyrics dealing with the development of the pension system in the Czech Republic with a description of the current three-pillar system. More attention is paid canceled the second pillar and experience with him in Poland and the Slovak Republic. The thesis focuses on the third pillar, which supports more merit principle. The research part of the thesis builds on the theoretical basis and through a questionnaire survey investigates how people rely on funding from the state and how much saving themselves for the purpose of security in old age. The survey was conducted among respondents in the age group from 20 to 59 years throughout the Czech Republic. Respondents were divided into four age categories over 10 years, and each category is represented by one quarter of respondents.

The present work addresses the State and Social Policy and has as objective investigate how social policy can be considered a form of control of the social-metabolic capital through the activity of the state. To do so, based on the Marxian analysis of the ontological foundations of the state, conducting a study of the socio-historical emergence of the state and its social function as well as the development of the modern state - as the typical capitalism - form of state and its different forms of action, and how nature has to perform its social function. In this direction, performs an analysis on the order of reproduction of capital and the role of the state as a political command structure aimed at defending the interests of capital, complementing it so essential for the maintenance of order socio-metabolic. It also addresses the "social question" and its main dimensions to understand how they originate and develop social policies - as a form of state action in response to their expressions. So, doing a historical restoration of proto-forms of social policies, we seek to capture its ontological foundations, analyzing the process of consolidation during the period of monopolistic capitalism - its highest expression the "Welfare State" - and its social function in the system s social-metabolic capital. It also examines the nature of capital's structural crisis and its determinations, emphasizing those aspects that differentiate cyclical crises. Finally, it investigates the ways of coping with the structural crisis of capital by the state and more importantly, what the consequences of structural adjustment for social policy and the "State of Welfare." / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho aborda o Estado e a Política Social e tem como objetivo investigar como a política social pode ser considerada uma das formas de controle do sistema sociometabólico do capital através da atuação do Estado. Para tanto, baseia-se na análise marxiana dos fundamentos ontológicos do Estado, realizando um estudo socio-histórico do surgimento do Estado e sua função social, bem como do desenvolvimento do Estado moderno como a forma de Estado tipicamente capitalista e suas diferentes formas de atuação, e como mantém sua natureza para realizar sua função social. Nessa direção, efetua uma análise sobre a ordem de reprodução do capital e o papel do Estado como uma estrutura de comando político direcionada a defender os interesses do capital, complementando-o de forma essencial na manutenção dessa ordem sociometabólica. Aborda ainda a questão social e as suas principais dimensões para entender como se originam e se desenvolvem as políticas sociais como uma forma de ação estatal em resposta às suas expressões. Assim, fazendo um resgate histórico das protoformas das políticas sociais, busca-se captar seus fundamentos ontológicos, analisando o processo de consolidação durante o período monopolista do capitalismo sendo sua expressão máxima o denominado Estado de Bem-Estar Social , e sua função social no sistema sociometabólico do capital. Analisa também a natureza da crise estrutural do capital e suas determinações, destacando quais os aspectos que a diferenciam das crises cíclicas. Por fim, investiga as formas de enfrentamento da crise estrutural do capital pelo Estado e, principalmente, quais as decorrências dos ajustes estruturais para a política social e o Estado de Bem-Estar Social .

Made available in DSpace on 2008-05-13T13:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1761.pdf: 311812 bytes, checksum: d84180d43b7cbc983ac02cf5f26356bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-06-29 / The main subject of the present work is the risk evaluation of long run investment strategies, where the requirement of a practical example led to the use of an Asset Liability Management Model for pension funds, more specifically, to plans with fixed benefit. With the instruments we adopted we believe that the investor whose investment horizon is larger has a more accurate perception of the market risk to which she is exposed, allowing for a portfolio selection that is more in accordance with the goals of management. To that end, the inclusion of decisions variables that aim at quantifying the management objectives – thus going beyond the simple mean-variance model – is of paramount importance. / O tema central deste trabalho é a avaliação de riscos em estratégias de investimentos de longo prazo, onde a necessidade de um exemplo prático direcionou à aplicação de Asset Liability Models em fundos de pensão, mais especificamente, a planos de benefício definido. Com os instrumentos de análise apresentados, acreditamos que o investidor com um horizonte de retorno de longo prazo tenha uma percepção mais acurada dos riscos de mercado a que está exposto, permitindo uma seleção de carteiras mais adequada aos objetivos de gestão. Para tanto, a inclusão de variáveis de decisão que procuram quantificar os objetivos de gestão - indo além do modelo simplificado de média-variância - exerce papel de fundamental importância.

A parir da análise de Esping-Andersen dos três tipos de Welfare States presentes na Europa Ocidental: o Social Democrata, o Corporativista e o Liberal, analisa-se a diferença do impacto da União Européia nos diferentes tipos de Welfare States. Compara-se o país escolhido, a Suécia, como modelo de Welfare State Social Democrata, e é escrutinado o resultado da supranacionalidade no escopo do seu Welfare State em comparação com os outros países da Europa Ocidental. É utilizada na pesquisa uma análise histórica institucional. A análise empreendida verificou que as instituições do Welfare State sueco, são menos suscetíveis ao impacto de uma maior supranacionalidade. Contraposta a outros modelos de Welfare State ele é mais resistente. Os modelos de Welfare Liberais e Conservadores estão sobre uma maior pressão causada pelo aumento da supranacionalidade. / From the classic Esping-Andersen distinction among the three types of Welfare States that exist in the developed world we try to find the differences in the impact of a stronger supranationality on the Welfare States. For this purpose we select the Swedish case, as the Social Democrat Welfare State per excellence. Analyzing the institutions of the Swedish Welfare State we emphasize the importance of the trajectories of the creation of its welfare state to the weaker vulnerability when faced with the challenges of the European Union. The universality and the strong support of its population makes the Swedish Welfare State vulnerable, but in a lesser degree than other States in Western Europe. The beginning of the 1970´s was a difficult period for the countries of Western Europe. Faced with similar challenges, Sweden chose to follow a path that was directed towards the maintenance of its full employment compromise. This compromise of keeping the unemployment level lower than in other countries in Europe is still valid today.

Dissertation explores the structure and level of financial support addressed to families with children in the Czech Republic and 19 other European countries as of December 2008. Attention is paid primarily to the "new" European countries, i.e. the region of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Through analysis of tax-benefit system this study examines where the Czech Republic stands in respect of family support within the European context and assesses which European policy is most similar to the Czech model of financial family support. There are two main parts. First one introduces the welfare state and family policy typologies and theories. Second one uses the model family method to answer the following questions: Which kind of family composition benefits most from the state support? Does the Czech tax- benefit system prioritize the traditional male-breadwinner family or does it encourage the dual-earner model? What is the position of Czech lone-parent families in comparison to other European countries? Is the Czech family policy aimed at the same types of family with children as is the Slovakian family policy or any other state policy in CEE? Are these two countries still following the same trend in respect to the financial family support? And where do the new European countries fit within the existing...

Quais os efeitos de conjunturas críticas externas ao ambiente institucional de organizações que prestam serviços públicos correlatos ao Estado de Bem Estar Social? Esses efeitos se manifestam de forma diversa em tempos de intensificação do uso de tecnologias digitais? Por quê? Partindo da premissa de que conjunturas críticas que ocorrem em ambientes que circundam instituições do Estado tendem a impulsionar a evolução de capacidades e seu desenvolvimento institucional, o estudo analisa o tema considerando construção e ajuste de habilidades e padrões em agência que integram o arranjo institucional da Previdência Social no país. Variações relacionadas ao status do regime, tais como controle social e liberdade de imprensa, são especialmente analisadas, em referente empírico que experimentava recomposição de democracia: o Brasil do final dos anos 1980, palco também da emergência da digitalização do Estado. Esse quadro analítico, ainda pouco explorado por cientistas políticos, foi a base para formulação e posterior investigação do problema de pesquisa: “Por que conjunturas críticas exógenas a arranjo institucional de política pública produzem implicações no desenvolvimento institucional digitalmente mediado de instituições previdenciárias brasileiras entre os anos de 1988 e 2013?” Para dar tratamento a tal problema, o documento foi organizado em dois capítulos, sendo o primeiro dedicado à fundamentação teórica e o seguinte à pesquisa empírica Mais especificamente, o capítulo teórico consolida fundamentos acerca de Estado de Bem Estar e Desenvolvimento Institucional, em articulação com trabalhos acerca da digitalização do Estado com destaque para os que expressam concepção inovadora de Desenvolvimento Institucional Digitalmente Mediado (FOUNTAIN 2001, 2006, 2011, 2014). Esse referencial é tomado como insumo para empreender análise do caso da Previdência Social no Brasil, no intervalo entre a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988; e o ano de 2013, quando a Previdência Social comemorou 90 anos no país. Como se verá, o cumprimento desses passos permitiu compor quadro sinóptico das variações do atendimento a demandas por direitos previdenciários, face à trajetória de DIDM nos 25 anos que se seguiram à Constituição vigente, conforme apresentado nas conclusões do estudo. / What are the effects of critical exogenous junctures correlated to digital technologies over institutions based on service provision and social security? Why do variables related to the incorporation of digital technologies tend to produce implications over the results of policies? Starting from the premise that critical junctures occurring under the environment of state institutions tend to impulse the evolution of capacities and of its institutional development, this Thesis reaches the understanding that the emergence and substantive redesign of the welfare state contributes to the development of new abilities, conventions, and relations of power among agencies. The framework also suffers expressive variation as a result of a political system’s characteristics, especially concerning the existence of democratic institutions such as social control and freedom of the press. These characteristics were being recomposed in Brazil by the end of the 1980’s, parallel to the emergence of a worldwide expressive phenomena: the digitalization of the state. This analytical framework, albeit still underexplored by political scientists, especially regarding the conduct of empirical research in the Southern Hemisphere countries, inspired the present study by means of the following research problem: Why have critical exogenous junctures had expressive implications on the digitally mediated institutional development of Brazilian welfare institutions between 1988 and 2013 In order to give the correct treatment to the problem, this study is divided in three chapters, the first two being devoted to the theoretical basis and the third, to empirical research. More specifically, the first chapter establishes the foundations of classic works on welfare state and Institutional Development. These issues are then articulated in the second chapter, which presents literature on state digitalization, highlighting the innovative conception of Digitally Mediated Institutional Development (DMID), as formulated by Jane Fountain (2001, 2006, 2011, 2014). Lastly, this reference is taken as a relevant input for employing historical analysis of the Social Security case in Brazil, during the period of the promulgation of the 1998 Federal Constitution and 2014, when Social Security celebrated 90 years of existence in the country. As will be shown in the conclusion, the fulfillment of these steps allowed to compose a synoptic framework regarding the variations of attendance towards demands for social security in the DMID trajectory following 25 years after the implementation of the Constitution.

A inclusão da função social da propriedade no texto constitucional brasileiro, está em consoância com a passagem do Estado Liberal ao Estado Social. A função social deve ser analisada, portanto, no sentido de garantir faticamente as liberdades e igualdades garantidas apenas juridicamente pelo Estado Liberal. O Estado Social é uma evolução em relação ao Estado Liberal, mas ele o pressupõe. A função social não tranformou a propriedade, em direito-função, mas impôs um equilíbrio entre posições jurídicas que garantem, a partir de direitos e interesses contrários, esferas de liberade colidentes. Uma análise comparativa entre o direito alemão e o direito brasileiro, nesse sentido, mostra-se relevante ao exame dos enunciados normativos referentes a função social e a propriedade, sob a perspectiva do discurso jurídico. No âmbito dos direitos fundamentais, juízos são corretos apenas se puderem ser o resultado de uma ponderação corretamente realizada. A teoria ampla do tipo legal, no presente estudo, relacionada tanto ao direito de propriedade quanto ao de função social, permite, a partir do exame das condições concretas que foram consideradas à época, a análise da ponderação realizada pelo constituinte, quando da restrição dos enunciados normativos na CF/88, a partir da fixação das regras estabelecidas nos artigos 182 e 186. É possível também uma averiguação acerca da questão da igualdade como um critério independente de ponderação, ante a sua estrutura de direito geral de igualdade. / The inclusion of the social function of property in the Brazilian constitutional text is in line with the transition from the Liberal State to the Welfare State. The social function must be analyzed, therefore, in the sense of guaranteeing the freedoms and equality only guaranteed judicially by the Liberal State. The Welfare State is an evolution in relation to the Liberal State, but it presages it. The social function did not transform property, in right-function, but imposed a balance between legal positions that guarantee conflicting spheres of liberty from conflicting rights and interests. A comparative analysis between German law and Brazilian law, in this sense, is relevant to the examination of normative statements referring to social function and property, from the perspective of legal discourse theory. In the scope of fundamental rights, judgments are only correct if they can be the result of a properly balancing consideration. The theory of broad legal type, in the present study, related to both the property right and the social function, allows, from the examination of the concrete conditions that were considered at the time, the analysis of the balancing performed by the constituent, when restricting the statements Normative in CF/88, from the establishment of the rules disposed in the articles 182 and 186. It is also possible to inquire about the question of equality as an independent criterion of balancing, given its structure of general equality law.