The Diploma thesis examines social economy area, social entrepreneurship in particular, with focus on integration of disadvantaged groups on Czech Republic labor market. The main objective of the thesis is to identify strengths and weaknesses of the social entrepreneurship and work integration concept with emphasis on legislation, financing and historical and cultural influence as well as suitability of the environment for further progress. Particular attention is given to evaluation of purposiveness of creating work opportunities for disadvantaged groups by social enterprise. The thesis also examines social entrepreneurship environment in selected European countries to find inspiration for improvement or to identify areas to be aware of and avoid them. The analytical part of the theses is focused on Czech Republic, using information data gathered form subject matter experts, or based on information provided by social enterprise representatives. The thesis is concluded with a SWOT analysis delivering complex overview of Czech social enterprise and its prospective opportunities or potential impediments.

La thèse propose une lecture de l’insertion qui s’inscrit dans le rapport entre vivre en commun et travail tel qu’il s’est historiquement construit et développé. Il s’agit d’un travail conduit dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE avec une structure d’insertion par l’activité économique, l’association Acta Vista. L’hypothèse majeure consiste à considérer le secteur professionnel de l’insertion par l’activité économique comme un dispositif, c’est-à-dire un réseau d’éléments hétérogènes (normes, lois, comportements…) dans lequel s’entremêlent des stratégies de savoir et pouvoir. Ce secteur professionnel peut fonctionner en tant qu’hétérotopie et béquille du système social et économique dans lequel il opère. En tant que dispositif, il est aussi un espace dans lequel convergent des hommes, des femmes, des idées diverses ; un espace où se créée innovation et se tracent des lignes de fuites. Elles bousculent la structure du dispositif et révèlent une autre manière de penser et vivre l’insertion par l’activité économique et, globalement, le rapport entre vivre en commun et travail. Dans la thèse, le thème de l’insertion par l’activité économique se trouve à la jonction entre deux axes de travail qui apparaissent respectivement dans la première et la deuxième partie. L’un plus centré autour d’interrogations anthropologiques et historico-politiques concernant le rôle du travail dans le vivre en commun ; l’autre plus tourné vers une épistémologie de l’activité d’insérer, avec ses ambiguïtés, contradictions et possibilités. / The thesis undertakes a reading of « insertion » and also of the relationship that exists between 'living in the community' and 'working', and how this relationship has been constructed and developed from an historical perspective. More precisely, this work consists of a research project conducted within the terms of the CIFRE agreement made with the Acta Vista Association, which is a “work integration social enterprise”.The main hypothesis of the thesis considers the professional employment sector as a 'mechanism', that is a network of heterogenerous elements (norms, laws, behaviours...) in which power and knowledge strategies are intertwined.The employment sector can function as a 'heterotopia' and 'crutch' of the social system and economy in which it operates. Understood as a mechanism, is also a place where men, women and different ideas converge, where 'innovation' is created and which escape routes are traced. These shake off the structure of the mechanism and reveal another way to think and live the employment process, and, overall, the relationship between living in a community and working.In the body of the thesis, the theme of “insertion by economic activity” is considered as the meeting point of two axes of working which come together in the first and second parts. The first, which concentrates more on the anthropological and historical-political issues relating to the role of working in “living together”. The second, which is more focused on the epistemology of activity which highlights its ambiguities and contradictions and possibilities.

This thesis is focusing on work process and process of social adaptation of new employees. The theoretical part explains the related concepts. I’m describing human resources strategy, processes and also corporate culture which is very important not only for the adaptation of employees. In the practical part will be assessed the proces of adaptation in the company. Focusing to both work, social environment and also to integration on corporate culture. Then will be on the base on the results of the analyzes as well as my experiences will be voiced suggestions to improve the proces of adaptation in company.

The field of the social economy and of the work integration social enterprises (WISE) in particular, is for many a more or less unknown area. Unlike ordinary enterprises the WISE's are different due to their aim of integrating disadvantaged people through work. In comparison with other small enterprises earlier research has shown that the WISE's are dealing with challenges regarding recruitment, participation, leadership, sustainable business ideas but above all, the access to funding. The purpose of this essay has therefore been to examine and analyze the financial situation of eight WISE's located in the Stockholm County. The results indicate that half of the enterprises perceive their economic situation as very unstable and as an obstacle to their further development. This perception seems to be more common among the younger enterprises which have not differentiated their businesses activities enough, which results in a greater reliance of the purchases of the public sector. The studied WISE's express a desire to reduce their dependence on the revenues from the public sector by increasing the revenues from other business activities, but this is something that has been proven to be both difficult and time consuming. In line with e.g. age, business maturation, expanded areas of business activities and increased knowledge, more funding opportunities seems to occur. A vast majority of the enterprises have a negative attitude towards external funding in terms of external equity capital, due to its presumable intrusion on the determination of the company. The field which WISE's are operating in is undoubtedly an important socioeconomic area since they react to one of the society’s most prominent problems; people in exclusion and all the problems the exclusion causes. The analysis of the examined enterprise's funding opportunities and its consequences are the main contributions of this essay as well as the further suggestions on how the WISE's financial situation can be improved.

The subject of the thesis is the proposal of the work integration social enterprise (WISE) of NGO SOS Children's villages. Proposal shall take form of a business plan and is based on the needs of the Association to reduce its financial dependence on an external sources of funding. A business plan is a proposal of the concrete WISE which fulfils the function of an alternative financing instrument for the main activities of the Association. The thesis uses the method of SWOT analysis to group and evaluate the available information from the external and internal environment of the WISE as well as uses tools of economic and financial analysis to determine the tipping point and the financial needs for the operation of social enterprise in the first three years of operation. The thesis brings new results and knowledge and proposes a recommendation of how the social enterprise could be realized.

Ehrenamtliche Deutschvermittlungspraxis will sichtbar gemacht und mit professionellen Ansätzen, Theorien und Forschung in Dialog gebracht werden. Der Fachtag „Deutsch von Anfang an für Flüchtlinge fördern“ (DAFF) ist einer der ersten Schritte, den diesbezüglichen Austausch zwischen Theorie und Praxis anzustoßen und damit eine Grundlage für die Systematisierung und Fundierung ehrenamtlicher Angebote der Sprachbegleitung in den ersten Aufenthaltsmonaten und darüber hinaus, z.B. auf dem Weg in die Arbeitswelt, zu schaffen. Mit Unterstützung des Fachverbandes Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (FaDaF) und in Kooperation mit der Initiative Deutschkurse Asyl Migration Flucht (DAMF), einer Projektgruppe des Ausländerrats Dresden, ist der Dialog im August 2016 am Zentrum für Integrationsstudien (ZfI) der TU Dresden initiiert worden. Die vorliegende Dokumentation lässt den ersten Fachtag Revue passieren, fasst die zentralen Ergebnisse zusammen und bietet die Grundlage für einen nachhaltigen Austausch – mit dem Ziel, eine Schnittstelle zwischen ehrenamtlichen und institutionellen Angeboten zu gestalten, Erfahrungs- und Forschungswissen aufeinander zu beziehen und so dazu beizutragen, dass Fachwissenschaftler*innen, professionelle Lehrkräfte und ehrenamtliche Sprachbegleiter*innen miteinander arbeiten und sprechen, anstatt lediglich übereinander zu reden.:Vorwort 5 Grußwort von Petra Köpping, Sächsische Staatsministerin für Gleichstellung und Integration 7 1. Einleitung 9 2. Sprachlehre und Sprachbegleitung zwischen Ehrenamt und Institution: Idee und Tagungskonzept 11 3. Perspektiven zum Thema 3.1 Das Eröffnungspanel 13 3.2 Spannungsverhältnisse und wissenschaftliche Reflexion Rebecca Zabel (Herder-Institut der Universität Leipzig) 14 3.3 Integration durch Sprache Dorothea Spaniel-Weise (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena) 15 3.4 Lehrmaterialien in der Erstaufnahmeeinrichtung Christina Schanzleh (Langenscheidt Verlag) 17 3.5 Ehrenamtlicher Einsatz und Qualitätssicherung Rico Ehren (Initiative DAMF, Student der TU Dresden) 18 3.6 Arbeitsmarktzugang und Arbeitsmarktintegration Solveig Buder (Verein Jugend . Arbeit . Bildung e.V.) 20 4. Erfahrungsaustausch, Fragen und Lösungskonzepte 4.1 Poster und Verständigung 23 4.2 Disqspace – der Diskussion Raum geben 24 5. Abschlussplenum 27 6. Fazit und Ausblick 31 Anhang Qualitätsmanagement natürlich auch im Ehrenamt, Poster von Deutschkurse Asyl Migration Flucht (DAMF) 34 Deutschbuch und Deutschkurs der Heilsarmee Dresden, Poster der Heilsarmee Dresden 35 Das Wormser Modell, ein Weiterbildungskonzept für ehrenamtliche Deutschlernhelfer*innen, Poster von Sandra Sulzer (TU Darmstadt) 36 Serlo ABC: Eine intuitive Open-Source-App zur Alphabetisierung im Selbststudium, Poster der Organisation Serlo 37 Spracherwerb und Verständigung, Poster des Sächsischen Staatsministeriums für Soziales und Verbraucherschutz (SMS) 38 „Deutsch im Keller“, Poster des Netzwerks „Willkommen in Löbtau“ 39 Lernen – Lehren – Helfen (Kooperationsprojekt zwischen der Deutsch-Uni Online und dem Institut für Deutsch als Fremdsprache der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität), Poster von Anne Biedermann 40

Šímová, Jana. 2015. Sustainability of social enterprises supported by Call no. 30 of the global grant HREOP Social Economy. Diploma Thesis. Prague: Faculty of Humanities, Charles University. The diploma thesis focuses on the sustainability of social enterprises founded by NGOs after the end of their projects supported by the Call no. 30 HREOP "Social Economy". The first part contains the theoretical definition of the concepts of social economy and social entrepreneurship and conception of social enterprise in the Czech environment. More attention is paid to work integration social enterprises. The concept of sustainability of social enterprises is presented from the perspective of international research and also the only one Czech survey on this subject - Evaluation of Supporting Social and Inclusive Entrepreneurship in HREOP. The research examined the ability of 11 work integration social enterprises to operate their business after the end of financial support from HREOP. The research is also analysing other support possibilities for social enterprises. All surveyed enterprises operate after the end of the project and most of them are financially self-sufficient or at least heading to it. They would, however, appreciate further support, ideally in another form than additional grant. There is...

2012年7月2日「2012社會企業國際論壇」在台灣台北圓滿落幕，會中邀請美國、新加坡和台灣各地產官學的社會企業先進，相互分享、交流，讓金融海嘯和歐債風波衝擊下的低迷經濟，因創新的組織帶起活潑的生氣，全球試圖透過第四部門的變革，以社會企業作為解決社會問題與刺激經濟的手段。 美歐各國的社會企業發展途徑有些許差異，然不脫離各部門之間的資源整合應用，以組織創新的途徑尋求社會公益與經濟效率的雙重實踐。又台灣的社會企業以非營利組織創業為主體，欲從社會經濟的面向，欲彌補第一部門所缺乏的市場機制運作、第二部門可再精進的社會企業責任與第三部門少有的專業經營觀點。其中，社會企業因其提供的服務特殊性與雙重價值，讓組織擁有多元且複雜的利害關係人、社會關係網絡，以及豐富的市場與非市場資源，相較其他部門而言，社會企業擁有社會資本的應用優勢。而台灣的社會企業類型中，又以工作整合型社會企業的案例最多，並可作為政府重要的政策工具，達到社會面的濟弱與經濟面的降低失業率功能。然而，社會資本並非百利而無一害，若過度投資社會資本，也會讓組織產生負面影響。工作整合型社會企業如何妥善應用社會資本以及利用其達到組織目標，在目前的學術研究中，仍屬於一個值得開發與探索的領域。 本研究回顧社會企業與社會資本的美、歐文獻，作為主題探討的背景瞭解，接著，介紹台灣發展最盛行的工作整合型社會企業，以及其與社會資本的相關應用，並以「喜憨兒基金會」作為個案訪談對象，藉由台灣工作整合型社會企業的領頭羊，如何與多元利害關係人互動，建立其社會資本的應用模式，並探討組織歷經「六六事件」後如何作出回應，進一步在變遷的環境中創造新典範轉移，實踐基金會的雙重價值與永續經營發展。 本研究發現，喜憨兒基金會以主要經營社會資本、掌握社會資本特性、創造社會資本對應組織的價值來達到組織的雙重目標。其中，基金會以建利多元利害關係人途徑、發展核心能力以及引進管理體系來經營社會資本，從信任基礎作為社會資本應用的開端，發現社會資本具市場區隔特性，並擁有應用與創造同步的特性。 因此，工作整合型社會企業在達到雙重價值的過程中，係以如何妥善應用社會資本為經營重心，亦即，從利害關係人中獲取資源，移轉成有形的財務資本與無形的資本，並透過不斷尋求創新途徑，平衡在社會使命與市場導向，以建立永續發展。

This study, largely based on literature review supplemented with information from lectures and interviews, attempts to give guidelines and make recommendations on how the gap between the school and the working world can be narrowed in South Africa to improve the employability of school-leavers. Chapter One involves the identification of the problem to be investigated. Chapter Two defines the economic role and function of the school in society in the light of different theories and practices. The present state of education in South Africa, with specific focus on how it relates to the working world, is examined in Chapter Three. Chapter Four examines the relationship between schooling and the working world in selected countries. Chapter Five proposes some guidelines and recommendations for the closer integration of the school with the world of work in South Africa. Chapter Six deals with final conclusions, new perspectives and guidelines for future research. / Educational Studies / M. Ed.

Inledning: Arbetsintegrerande sociala företag (ASF) fyller många betydelsefulla samhällsfunktioner och deras insatser bidrar till samhällsekonomisk nytta, som dessvärre inte inräknas i det traditionella bokslutet. Det interna bokslutet hos företaget kan visa förlust medan samhället gör en ekonomisk vinst till följd av dess existens. Genom socioekonomiska bokslut kan den samhällsekonomiska nyttan värderas i monetära termer. Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att genom ett socioekonomiskt bokslut skapa förståelse om hur arbetsintegrerande sociala företag bidrar med samhällsekonomisk nytta samt identifiera vilka externa aktörer som påverkas av dessa, för att slutligen undersöka vilka av de identifierade aktörerna som påverkas minst/mest ekonomiskt av arbetsintegrerande sociala företag. Metod: Denna kvalitativa fallstudie har utförts med en abduktiv forskningsansats. För att upprätta det socioekonomiska bokslutet samt uppfylla studiens syfte har vi genomfört 18 semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer från ett arbetsintegrerande socialt företag. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att arbetsintegrerande sociala företag bidrar med samhällsekonomisk nytta genom minskad kontakt med myndigheter, minskad vårdkonsumtion samt upphörande/minskade bidrag, då människor i utanförskap integreras i arbete. De externa aktörer som identifierades var landsting, kommun, Arbetsförmedlingen samt Försäkringskassan. Den aktör som gynnades mest ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv var landstinget respektive Arbetsförmedlingen som gynnades minst. / Introduction: Work integration social enterprises (WISE) fulfill many important social functions and their efforts contribute to socio-economic benefits, which unfortunately are not included in the traditional final accounts. The internal final accounts of the company can show loss while society makes a financial profit as a result of its existence. The socio-economic benefits can be valued in monetary terms through socio-economic accounts. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to investigate, through a socio-economic account, how WISE contribute with socio-economic benefits and also identify which external actors are affected by them, in order to finally examine which of the identified actors are least/most economically affected by work integration social enterprises.  Method: This qualitative case study has been conducted with an abductive research approach. In order to establish the socio-economic account and to fulfill the purpose of the study, have 18 semi-structured interviews with people from a WISE been conducted. Result: The study’s results show that work integration social enterprises contribute to socio-economic benefits through reduced contact with authorities, reduced healthcare consumption and cessation/reduction of contributions, as peole in exclusion are integrated into work. The identified external actors were county councils, municipalities, the employment service and the Swedish social insurance agency. The actor who benefited the most from an economic perspective was the county council. The employment service benefited the least.