Orientador: Heleno Rodrigues Correa Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T17:35:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luz_VeronicaGronau_M.pdf: 864446 bytes, checksum: c5cab655f46977d4721e6aae766fe645 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A Saúde do Trabalhador vem dando atenção à saúde física, mental e psico-social dos cortadores de cana de açúcar pela alta demanda de esforço físico a que são submetidos para cumprir metas de volume de corte, e pelo aumento dos casos de mortes no trabalho. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar as condições de trabalho de migrantes safristas cortadores de cana e avaliar o comportamento nutricional e da composição corporal ao longo da safra, na região de Piracicaba - SP, Brasil. Visou também avaliar a qualidade da dieta e os componentes alimentares deste grupo comparando a ingestão e o gasto energético da jornada de trabalho. Realizamos um estudo descritivo longitudinal em um grupo intencionalmente selecionado de trabalhadores no corte manual de cana, em Elias Fausto, SP. Eles responderam a um questionário sócio-demográfico e permitiram aferir suas medidas antropométricas para o calcularmos o Índice de Massa Corporal, o Percentual de Gordura Corporal e a Circunferência Muscular do Braço em três momentos da safra. Colhemos dados individuais sobre ingestão hídrica, reposição eletrolítica e alimentação durante o período de trabalho, complementados com a descrição qualitativa e quantitativa das marmitas do almoço em três dias distintos por observação direta no local onde as refeições foram preparadas. O gasto energético durante a jornada de trabalho foi comparado com o consumo do mesmo período. Ao final da safra foi retirada amostra de sangue total para dosar Creatino Quinase na isoforma da musculatura esquelética, proteína C reativa e uréia plasmática, como marcadores bioquímicos de inflamação. Acompanhamos durante quatro meses trinta homens migrantes safristas provenientes do Estado do Ceará com idade entre 18 e 44 anos. Os trabalhadores apresentaram perdas significativas de gordura corporal e peso do início até a metade da safra sem recuperação até o final. Todos ganharam massa magra e os de ingresso mais antigo na atividade ganharam menos. Foram encontrados níveis anormais de Creatino Quinase (75,0%) e Uréia (16,7%) entre os safristas. Os cortadores ingeriam no mínimo 5 litros de água por dia e a diluição dos repositores eletrolíticos era feita de forma inadequada. A alimentação foi monótona, com baixa qualidade, fria e diferente dos hábitos alimentares dos trabalhadores. As marmitas apresentaram variação do valor energético entre 1000 e 1300 calorias. Os trabalhadores que consumiram mais energia do que os gastos estimados apresentaram menor perda de percentual de gordura corporal (p=0,03). Encontramos evidências de que o trabalho no corte manual de cana gera perda de peso e de gordura corporal com aumento de massa magra com alterações importantes de marcadores bioquímicos de inflamação crônica e sistêmica. São necessários mais estudos longitudinais nesta população para entender melhor a relação esforço, desgaste, longevidade e saúde no corte de cana. Não é possível afirmar que a quantidade diária total ingerida fosse insuficiente em relação ao gasto, mas a dieta foi monótona e pobre em nutrientes. Estudos adicionais sobre a alimentação desta população poderiam melhorar o manejo dos repositores eletrolíticos para minimizar o desgaste gerado pelo excesso de trabalho / Abstract: The Field of workers' health has paid increasing attention to the physical, mental and psychosocial health of sugar cane manual harvesters due to their high physical efforts to cope with high demands of cutting volume, and by the increasing number of deaths at work. This research aimed at characterizing the working conditions of seasonal harvest migrant workers in the sugar cane crops and also to evaluate their nutritional behavior and body composition along the harvest, in the upstate São Paulo - Brazil. It also aimed to qualitatively evaluate their diet and food components through comparing ingested food with estimated energy expenses during the work days. We conducted a descriptive follow-up study in an intentionally selected group of manual sugar cane cutting in Elias Fausto. They answered to a socio-demographic questionnaire and allowed to take their anthropometric measures to calculate Body Mass Index, Body Fat Composition, and the Arm Muscle Circumference at three timing points during the harvest. We collected individual data on water intake, electrolytic replacement and food intake during the working period, complemented with a qualitative and quantitative description of the meal packages for the lunch in the work field in three different days observing directly the kitchen during its' prepare. The energy consumption during the work day was compared with the parallel intake. At the end of the harvest a sample of total blood was taken to dosing motor muscles isoenzime of creatine kinase, blood protein C and plasma Urea, as biochemical markers for inflammation. We followed-up during four months a group of thirty men migrant harvesters that came from the State of Ceará, aged from 18 to 44 years old. Workers showed significant loss of body fat and weight from the start up to the middle of the harvest without recovery until the end. All men got increased lean muscle mass but those who worked long time in the job got less. Abnormal blood levels among the harvesters were found for creating kinase (75.0%) and for urea (16.7%). The workers drink a minimum of 5 litters of water a day and their way of diluting the electrolytic replacers was inadequate. Available meals were monotonous and with low quality, cold and different from the workers' traditional way of eating. The meal packages contained an estimated energy bulk varying between 1000 and 1300 calories. Workers who ingested more energy than the estimated expenses showed less drop in body fat (p=0.03). Evidences were found that the work in the manual cut of sugar cane harvest generates loss of weight and body fat with increase in muscle mass with important changes in biochemical marchers of systemic and chronic inflammation. Additional longitudinal studies are needed in this population to better understand the relationships among efforts, tear, life extent and health at the sugar cane harvesting. It is not possible to say that the total daily energy intake was enough for the job, but diet was monotonous and poor. Further studies on the nutrition of these workers could allow for better handling of the electrolytic replacement to mitigate the tear generated by the excessive work / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Introdução: O trabalho é um aspecto fundamental da vida, a globalização tem trazido mudanças nos processos do trabalho de enfermagem conforme decorrentes do capitalismo avançado. Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida no trabalho, referida pelos enfermeiros docentes e suas estratégias de melhoria em uma universidade pública. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório de abordagem qualitativa fundamentado no Materialismo Histórico e Dialético. O cenário foi a uma escola pública de graduação de Enfermagem no Chile. A população foi constituída por 50 docentes da instituição, sendo que destes 17 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão para responderem a entrevista semiestruturada e nove participaram do grupo focal. O projeto foi Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo. Foi realizada análise quantitativa dos dados sócio demográficos. As falas do grupo focal sofreram análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, segundo categorizas previamente definidas fundamentadas em Breilh. Resultados: Obteve-se que 88% dos participantes são do sexo feminino, maioria adulto jovem; média de 2,9 anos de trabalho na instituição, jornada semanal de 44h maioritariamente e 53% dos docentes está fazendo mestrado. Com a análise do Processo do Trabalho identificou que o objeto de trabalho são os estudantes. Os meios são o conhecimento e a experiência em enfermagem; o ambiente laboral é considerado bom e a forma de organização do trabalho é considerada comprometida pela extensa carga de trabalho contratada. Dentro dos fatores geradores da qualidade de vida no trabalho, os fatores favoráveis foram: a relação com os estudantes, sentimentos de satisfação pessoal, capacitação e atualização constante e em docência, atividades saudáveis, apoio econômico, infraestrutura, flexibilidade no desenvolvimento do trabalho de enfermagem e de horário, liberdade de cátedra, objetivo comum, compromisso docente, trabalho em equipe e trabalho como plataforma. Os fatores desgastantes: falta de infraestrutura e de materiais didático pedagógicos para o ensino, extensão da jornada e sobrecarga de trabalho, ocupação do tempo de lazer e de outras atividades com o trabalho, tempo de deslocamentos, demandas dos estudantes, introdução do docente no contexto do ensino e autocuidado, ruídos na comunicação, distribuição de carga, remuneração, multiplicidade de tarefas, dificuldades no ensino teórico e prático. Os patrões de saúde-doença exibem necessidades básicas comprometidas como cansaço e privação de sono, maus hábitos de autocuidado e alimentação inadequada, insatisfação e desmotivação com o processo de trabalho docente enfermagem; e doenças manifestadas são distúrbio osteoarticular relacionado ao trabalho (DORT) e estresse. Para o grupo de docentes o significado de QV é multifatorial, mas, principalmente influído pôr a relação com os estudantes; e se reconhecem como viciados no trabalho e ter outras gratificações, que finalmente produzem um bem estar no trabalho. Se construíram estratégias de melhoria da QVT, a partir da empresa política institucional y sistema contratual y coletivo, infraestrutura, clima e relações laborais; a partir do trabalhador assumir a própria responsabilidade na QVT. As estratégias propostas são reconhecidas como viáveis de serem implementadas. Conclusões: O estudo evidenciou a semelhança de resultados com outros estudos desenvolvidos e a necessidade de implementação de estratégias para a melhoria da qualidade de vida do enfermeiro docente, que permitam manter o equilíbrio de fatores favoráveis por sobre os desgastantes no trabalho. / Work is a fundamental aspect of life. In the current context, globalization has brought changes in the working process of nursing, according to the capitalism ideology. The aim of this research is to analyse the quality of working life reported by nursing professors, and their improvement strategies in a public university. Method: This was a descriptive and exploratory qualitative study based on the Historical and Dialectical Materialism. It was conducted in a Chilean Public Nursing School. The population were 50 professors of the institution aforementioned, from which 17 people met the inclusion criteria. The first phase comprised 17 semi-structured interviews, and in a second phase, focus group was used with nine participants. This inquiry was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Nursing School of the University of São Paulo. The focus group underwent content analysis proposed by Bardin, according to predetermined Breilh benchmark categories. Results: 88% of participants were female, mostly young adults, 53% doing a master\'s degree, 2.9 years working in the institution on average, working typically 44hrs/week. The Working Process analysis identified the students as their object of study. The used tools are nursing knowledge and experience; working environment is considered good and the form of work organization is considered compromised based on the extensive workload. Among the factors causing the quality of working life, the favourable factors were: relationship with the students, feelings of personal satisfaction, training and constant teaching updating, healthy activities, economic support, infrastructure, flexibility in the nursing schedule, academic freedom, common goal, teaching commitment, team work and work as platform. Exhausting factors: lack of infrastructure and didactic teaching materials for teaching, extension of hours and workload, occupation of leisure time in work related activities, time shifts, demands of the students, teaching introduction to educational context of and self-care, difficult communication, load distribution, compensation, multitude of tasks, difficulties in theoretical and practical teaching. The patterns of health and disease exhibit basic needs compromised, such as fatigue, sleep deprivation, bad habits of self-care, inadequate nutrition, dissatisfaction and demotivation with the teaching nursing work process, which are manifested in diseases, stress, and work related Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD). Professors said that the meaning of QOL is multifactorial, but mainly influenced by the relationship with the students; they recognize themselves as workaholics that have parallel benefits which ultimately produce a well-being at work. There will be development of QWL strategies, from the institutional political system company and contractual collective, infrastructure, social environment and work relations, starting from workers taking their own responsibility in the QWL. The proposed strategies are recognized as feasible to implement. In conclusion the study showed similar results with other research about the same topic and the need to implement strategies to improve the quality of life of the nursing professors, in order to maintain the balance of favourable factors over the stressful ones at work.

Orientador: Maria Inês Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T22:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manzoli_StenioTrevisan_M.pdf: 1270659 bytes, checksum: aebde65585437c9ba732613fc37164c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudos comparativos entre homens e mulheres têm comprovado o fato de que os homens são mais susceptíveis a doenças, sobretudo às enfermidades graves e crônicas, e que morrem mais precocemente que as mulheres. Muitos agravos poderiam ser evitados caso os homens realizassem, com regularidade medidas de prevenção primária. A Central de Abastecimento de Campinas S.A. (CEASA Campinas) é o quarto maior entreposto de abastecimento do Brasil, em volume de comercialização de hortifrutigranjeiros, sendo a maioria de seus trabalhadores do sexo masculino. Os objetivos deste estudo foram identificar o perfil sociodemográfico, condições de saúde, capacidade para o trabalho e estilo de vida de homens atuantes em um mercado hortifrutigranjeiro. Estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa realizado em um entreposto comercial na cidade de Campinas-SP, com 200 trabalhadores do sexo masculino que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho, Questionário com Dados Sociodemográficos, Estilo de Vida, Aspectos de Saúde e Trabalho - QSETES e escala de estresse. Posteriormente, foi construído um banco de dados e realizadas análises descritivas e testes estatísticos. A amostra apresentou idade média de 36,8 (DP 12,1) anos, variando de 18 a 77. A maioria dos entrevistados era casada ou vivia com a companheira (67%), tinha filhos (72%), praticava atividades físicas (54%) e atividades de lazer (97,5%). Em relação aos aspectos de trabalho, parte dos entrevistados relatou trabalhar em posições cansativas (90%), realizar movimentos repetitivos (94,5%) e considerava o trabalho estressante (75%). Os entrevistados apresentaram valores médios de Índice de Capacidade para o Trabalho de 43,7 (DP 3,9) - variando de 31 a 49) que os caracterizavam com boa capacidade para o trabalho. A média da capacidade atual de trabalho foi de 8,2 (DP 1,5) pontos. O Programa de Saúde do Homem é um desafio no intuito de proviipor estilos de vida mais saudáveis, aproximando o homem com maior precocidade dos serviços de atenção em saúde. Tendo em vista que os resultados analisados mostraram condições de vida e trabalho nem sempre favoráveis a saúde dos homens, é necessário que sejam discutidas políticas de prevenção de doenças e promoção de saúde específicas para essa categoria profissional. Aproximar os homens dos serviços de atenção primária a saúde, continua sendo um desafio que demanda intervenções do empregador, dos profissionais de saúde e, principalmente, da conscientização dos trabalhadores envolvidos. Linha de Pesquisa: Trabalho, Saúde, Educação / Abstract: Comparative studies between men and women have proven the fact that men are more susceptible to disease, especially the chronic and serious illnesses, and die earlier than women. Many injuries could be avoided if men perform on a regular primary prevention measures. The Central Supply SA de Campinas (Campinas CEASA) is the fourth largest warehouse supply from Brazil in volume of trade in fresh produce, the majority of its male workers. The objectives of this study were to identify the sociodemographic, health, work ability and life style of men working in a market fruit and vegetable market. Descriptive study with quantitative approach carried out in a commercial warehouse in the city of Campinas-SP, with 200 male workers who agreed to participate. Data collection was conducted through interviews and used the following instruments: Work Ability Index; and Social and Demographic Data Questionnaire, Lifestyle, Aspects of Health, Labour and stress scale - QSETES. Later, a database was built and analyzed with descriptive and statistical tests. The sample mean age was 36.8 (SD 12.1) years, ranging from 18 to 77. Most respondents were married or living with partner (67%) had children (72%) practiced physical activities (54%) and leisure activities (97.5%). Regarding aspects of work, part of the respondents reported working in tiring positions (90%), performing repetitive movements (94.5%) and considered the stressful job (75%). Respondents had mean index of the Work Ability of 43.7 (SD 3.9) - ranging from 31 to 49) that characterized them with good work ability. The average capacity of the current work was 8.2 (SD 1.5) points. The Human Health Programme is a challenge in order to offer more healthy lifestyles, approaching the man with the earliest of health care services. Considering that the analyzed results showed conditions of life and work are not always favorable to men's health, they must be discussed policies for disease prevention and health promotion specific to this profession. Bringing the men from the services of primary health care remains a challenge that demands action by the employer, health professionals, and especially the awareness of workers involved / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

Orientador: Eloisa de Mattos Höfling / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_EmiliaPeixoto_D.pdf: 2309635 bytes, checksum: 5c75a312c6d32c581bd9d93716302aac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa as condições de trabalho dos docentes do ensino superior público, considerando os movimentos de reforma da educação, entre o período compreendido de 1990 a 2007. A idéia de examinar essa temática deve-se ao fato de que o trabalho docente, no ensino superior, tem ocupado lugar de destaque na reforma educacional brasileira, assim como entre os estudos realizados nos últimos anos. As políticas educacionais brasileiras sugerem uma adequação do trabalho docente às novas exigências profissionais advindas das inovações tecnológicas e da conseqüente mudança no mundo do trabalho. Para compreensão das mudanças e justificativas que influenciam as políticas públicas para o ensino superior, realizamos um estudo empírico com professores da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES a fim de conhecermos seus pontos de vista sobre o seu trabalho; como eles vivem o conjunto das alterações postas pela reforma do ensino superior; como percebem as mudanças que foram introduzidas na sua área específica; como se sentem perante as novas expectativas geradas pelo conjunto das reformulações para o ensino superior e se seu ritmo de trabalho foi, realmente, alterado. Todo esse conjunto de questões remete para a necessidade de reflexão sobre as relações de trabalho, no interior da universidade. A exploração das entrevistas nos mostra as variações presentes, nos diferentes cursos e departamentos, assim como divergências marcadas entre cursos reconhecidos como mais prestigiosos que outros. Além disso, destaca-se que mesmo os professores sendo regidos por um só estatuto, o trabalho universitário apresenta uma grande variedade. / Abstract: This thesis analyzes the working conditions of higher education teachers, considering the reform movements of education, between the periods 1990 to 2007. The idea to examining this issue is due to the fact that higher education teacher has occupied a promiscuous place in the Brazilian education reform, as well as between studies conducted in last years. The Brazilian politic education suggests an adequate working teacher the new job requirements stemming from technological innovations and the consequent change in the working world. To understand the changes and reasons that influences the public politic for higher education, we conducted an empirical study with professors from the Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES order to know their views about their work, how they live all of the changes in the reform education, how they felling the changes in the field word, how they feel towards new expectations generated by the set of reformulations to higher education and if his work rate was really changed. All those questions relate to need reflection about the working relationships, within the university. The exploration of the interviews in the sample the variations presents, the different courses and departments, as well as divergences marked between recognized courses as more prestigious than others. Moreover, it is distinguished that exactly the professors being conducted by one only statute, the university work presents a great variety. / Doutorado / Educação, Sociedade, Politica e Cultura / Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Aparecida Mari Iguti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_MaraCristinaBicudode_D.pdf: 3073972 bytes, checksum: e9813fc016ffc23f43fea5232bf45b42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: O Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) é parte fundamental de suporte à assistência hospitalar, mas tem sido pouco estudado, em relação às questões de trabalho-saúde. A realização desta pesquisa justifica-se pela importância do setor na esfera hospitalar e pela escassez de estudos, em particular os relacionados às categorias da enfermagem. Objetivos: investigar a natureza do trabalho e a importância do gestor no contexto do CME, caracterizando as rotinas das equipes e, considerando as possíveis repercussões à saúde dos trabalhadores. Métodos: estudo descritivo, realizado a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa inspirada na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), por meio de entrevistas com os funcionários de enfermagem e com a enfermeira responsável pela equipe,e, por observações diretas e registro em fotos e filmes. Resultados e Discussão: após breve caracterização do hospital e do CME, apresenta-se a descrição do perfil dos funcionários e das atividades realizadas, incluindo as condições de trabalho. A rotina revela-se essencial para dar conta do trabalho e é modificada pelos turnos, pelos trabalhadores com sua experiência, pelos diferentes modos operatórios. Denota-se casos de perda auditiva distúrbios osteomusculares, dores lombares, lesões de coluna vertebral, estresse, alterações de humor e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. O trabalho da enfermeira, que se supõe de gestão e supervisão, concentra-se mais no produto do processamento de artigos, materiais e equipamentos e menos nas dinâmicas das equipes e dos trabalhadores. A preocupação com o controle e manutenção da esterilização dos materiais revela-se no monitoramento regular e no registro de testes e da manutenção das máquinas. Conclusões: trata-se de um trabalho com características complexas e, apesar de ser visto como manual, rotineiro e normatizado, apresenta exigências físicas e mentais significativas. Existe a percepção, pelos trabalhadores, da falta de reconhecimento desse trabalho, reforçada por certa negligência em relação à infraestrutura, no que se refere a aquisição de novos equipamentos e manutenção dos existentes / Abstract: Introduction: The Material and Sterilization Center (MSC) is a fundamental support for hospital care, but has been little studied in relation to issues of work and health. This research is justified by the importance of the sector within the hospital sphere and the lack of studies, particularly those related to nursing categories. Objectives: This study aims investigate the nature of work and the importance of the manager in the context of CME, featuring the routines of the teams, considering the possible impact on workers' health. Methods: A descriptive study are made with a qualitative approach inspired by the Ergonomic Work Analysis (EWA), through interviews with nursing staff and the nurse responsible for the team, and by direct observation and recording of photos and videos. Results and Discussion: After a brief characterization of the hospital and the CME, it is presented the description of the staff profile and their activities, including working conditions. The routine is revealed essential to deal with work and it is modified by shifts, by the workers with their experience, by the different operational modes. There have been cases of hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders, back pain, spinal injuries, stress, mood alterations and hypertension. The work of the nurse who assumes the management and supervision focuses more on product processing of articles, materials and equipment and less on the dynamics of teams and workers. It concerns to the control and maintenance of sterilization of materials disclosed in the regular monitoring and recording of tests, and maintenance of machines. Conclusions: This study reveals complex traits of the work and despite being seen as a manual, routine and standardized, has significant physical and mental demands. The workers' perception is a lack of recognition of this work, strengthened by a certain neglect of infrastructure, as regards the acquisition of new equipment and maintenance of existing ones / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

Orientador: Aparecida Mari Iguti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:11:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_NeidimilaAparecidaSilveira_D.pdf: 4235277 bytes, checksum: 4fb023c89b05fe67047112c7130c06e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A suinocultura no Brasil é uma atividade econômica de grande impacto social e mercadológico. Apresenta o quarto maior plantel do mundo com 35 milhões de animais, com uma produção de três milhões de toneladas de carne por ano. Estima-se um milhão de trabalhadores envolvidos direta e indiretamente nessa cadeia de produção. Entretanto, conhece-se ainda pouco sobre os problemas de saúde dos trabalhadores nas granjas de produção intensiva de suínos. O objetivo do estudo é investigar o trabalho em uma granja de suínos, analisando as atividades realizadas pelos trabalhadores no processo produtivo e as principais dificuldades encontradas na execução das tarefas. Levantar as condições gerais de trabalho e avaliar as percepções de qualidade de vida, sintomas musculoesqueléticos e sintomas respiratórios dos trabalhadores entrevistados. Trata-se de um estudo de caso em uma granja de suínos. Foram feitas entrevistas com roteiro e observações de campo, inspiradas na Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET). Complementarmente, foram aplicados questionários para sintomas respiratórios, sintomas musculoesquelético e o SF-36. A granja estudada possui 12.000 animais, com 1.000 matrizes, sendo considerada de grande porte. Conta com 22 trabalhadores que atuam em jornada de trabalho das 7:00 as 17:00h de segunda a sexta, com turnos de revezamento aos sábados e domingos. A produção suinícola funciona como uma linha de produção fabril. A tarefa principal consiste na produção de animais de forma regular na quantidade e qualidade de acordo com o proposto pela empresa. As formas de otimização de produção são o maior controle possível do ciclo produtivo. As exigências do trabalho são relacionadas às etapas do ciclo dos animais e envolvem questões da estrutura física, do ambiente geral e do controle sanitário. Para a realização das atividades o trabalhador é submetido a um ritmo intenso, sendo obrigado a administrar variadas situações e imprevistos. Diversos fatores influenciam e contribuem para o aumento de trabalho e risco de acidentes no contexto da organização do trabalho, tais como a falta de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual - EPI (ou impossibilidade de uso adequado), a estrutura física (salas, baias altas e pisos quebráveis), e mudanças de ritmo (fim de semana com número reduzido de funcionários). As fontes de pressão são o tempo (ritmo) e o controle da produtividade. Este estudo permitiu identificar aspectos da produção de suínos em uma grande fazenda no estado de São Paulo enfatizando tarefas e atividades do ciclo de produção. Esta abordagem permitiu a observação de situações reais de trabalho e interação com os funcionários em seu local de trabalho. Observou-se que os trabalhadores buscam um equilíbrio entre segurança e produtividade em situações nem sempre favoráveis. A melhoria dessas condições de trabalho é necessária para evitar riscos de acidentes e doenças ocupacionais / Abstract: The economic activity with swine in Brazil has a big social impact. The Brazilian activity with 35 million animals displays the fourth largest herd in the world. The meat production reaches three million tons. One million workers are directly and indirectly involved in this production chain. Unfortunately still little is known about the occupational health problems of swine workers. The objectives of this study are to investigate the work conditions of swine production, analyzing the activities of the workers and the difficulties to perform the tasks. We have also analyzed the general working conditions and evaluate the perceptions of quality of life, musculoskeletal symptoms and respiratory symptoms of the workers interviewed. This is a case study in a swine farm. Interviews were conducted with a script and field observations are made inspired by the Ergonomics Analysis of Work (AET). In addition questionnaires related to respiratory symptoms, musculoskeletal symptoms and SF-36 were applied to. The farm studied is a large one and has 12,000 animals with 1,000 reproduction female animals. It has 22 employees. The workday is from 7:00 to 17:00 Monday to Friday, with shifts on Saturdays and Sundays relay. The swine production works as a production line manufacturing. The main task is the production of animals on a regular basis in quantity and quality how proposed by the company. The optimization of production is made by the control of the biological cycle. The job demands are related to stages of the cycle of animals and issues involving the physical structure, the general environment and sanitation's control. The workers are imposed to an intense rhythm to carry out the activities, and are obliged to manage the changeable and unexpected situations. Several factors influence and contribute to the increased workload and accidents' risk in the context of work organization, such as the lack of Personal Protective Equipment -PPE (or impossibility to adequate use), physical structure (rooms, high bays and floors), and rhythm shifts (weekend with few number of employees). The sources of pressure are the time (rhythm) and productivity control. This study helped to identify aspects of swine production on a large farm in the state of Sao Paulo emphasizing tasks and activities of the production cycle. This approach allows the observation of real work situations and interaction with employees in their workplace. It has observed that workers seek a balance between safety and productivity in situations not always favourable. The improvement of these work conditions is necessary to avoid risks of accidents and occupational diseases / Doutorado / Saude Coletiva / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

This thesis is the final assignment for the program master of science in Industrial Design Engineering at luleå university of technology. The timespan is September of 2017 and early January 2018 and is equivalent to 30 high school credits. The work was performed at Martinsons Såg in Bygdsiljum, Sweden.Martinsons is Sweden’s largest producer of cross-laminated timber, crosslam. The staff is divided into two shifts with nine workers each. The production consists of three sections, gluing, CNC and shipping. The factory was expanded in early 2017 but did not achieve planned output. The last section, the shipping, is a bottleneck. The object of this thesis is to find a layout that solves the bottleneck and improve the working conditions in the shipping, and the pace of the system should be determined by the first process, the pressing. The production starts with the planks. Planks are cut to the right dimensions by a saw and placed in layers. Glue is then applied, and more layers are placed and moved to a press while the glue dries. It results in panels. The maximum size of the panels is 16x3 m. A CNC saw cuts the panels to litteras, custom order parts used to build everything from houses to public areas. The workers pack the littera manually. When the litteras are packed, the packages are loaded on trucks for delivery to the customers. The theoretical background of this thesis consists of three major subjects: industrial design engineering, ergonomic and lean production, with a focus on waste reduction. To understand the system the flows and working procedures were documented with observations, interviews, a survey and some filming. An OWAS were used to observed the ergonomic risks and analyse how they can be avoided. Later in the project were a brainstorming session and workshop used to generate concepts to solve the problems. The concepts were evaluated with a value matrix. The results from the examination of the system showed that the real bottleneck in the system was the crane. It was slow and is also used in the waste flows. Two packaging stations for the litteras cannot be used because of the flow of the sawdust, lowering the capacity and flexibility in the packaging. Summarised, the crane could not deal with the demands from the rest of the system. The ergonomic problems consisted of bent and twisted backs while the workers pack the littera. This thesis proposes an investment plan to solve these problems. It consists of two investments that expand the building and expand conveyors, thus removing much of the lifting much lifting with the crane. The waste and littera flows are separated to allow the crane to focus on the main flow of littera.Two new kinds of packaging stations are implemented to help with the packaging: standard stations that pack the littera on lifts and wall packaging stations that packs littera meant for walls that have many weaknesses. The standard stations consist of scissor lift tables that help reduce the time spent with a bent back while packaging. The temperature is maintained at comfortable levels with an airlock to the outside.

The relationship between health and working conditions represents an important topic of sociologic research. Still, in the Czech context this theme has not been sufficiently dealt with. This work's aim is to contribute to the research in the branch, to offer a detail study of the relationship between subjective health and working conditions. Firstly, the theoretical part of the text offers definitions of the concepts subjective health and working conditions. Secondly, there are defined three hypotheses about the relationship between the categories subjective health and working conditions. Then, the hypotheses are tested using contingency tables and regression analysis. Afterwards, there is offered a comparison between the study's conclusions and outputs of similar foreign works. The results of the analysis correspond with those reached in foreign context - in comparison with unemployed, economically active people feel them healthier. Using the regression model, significant influence of education on this relationship was proved. Other testing brought a conclusion that people working in difficult conditions evaluate their health worse than people who do not have to cope with hard working conditions. There was not proved a significant difference between men and women in evaluation of subjective health...

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / In any field of Human Resource Management and in any organisation, the human being is seen as an asset and remains the most valuable and also the most difficult to understand. The past decade has seen an increased focus on employees, their level of motivation and their satisfaction at work. Theorists have been endeavouring to compartmentalise and comprehend those aspects which are of most importance in certain jobs. Tremendous pressure is put on organisations to improve their performance and increase their competitiveness in the continuously changing world of work. This is no different to the challenges financial institutions face such as globalisation, economic shocks, technological changes and downsizing. The aim of the research was to explore the motivation and job satisfaction levels of employees of a financial services organisation within the Western Cape, with particular focus on gender differences. Motivating employees is one of the most important managerial functions. According to Nel, Werner, Poisat, Sono, Du Plessis and Ngalo (2011) success in this endeavour is essential in the quest to utilise the full potential of people so as to ensure quality products and service. The population for this study was a financial services organisation within the Western Cape. A non-probability sampling based on the method of convenience was used of which 95 employees were drawn from the employee pool. Statistical analyses will involve both descriptive (measures of central tendency and dispersion) and inferential statistics (correlation, t-test and analysis of variance).

Doctor Legum - LLD / At the heart of this thesis is the notion of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), an innovative concept deep-rooted in the globalisation phenomenon. The notion of CSR entails the much-debated duty of businesses, not only to comply with international and local standards in terms of, inter alia, labour rights and working conditions, human rights and environmental protection, but also to be at the forefront of voluntary and uplifting actions geared toward addressing societal issues and concerns. For corporations, it is about moving from the traditional approach of business as an activity with the sole purpose of realising profit towards acknowledging the need to integrate societal and environmental issues and concerns into their business purposes. The thesis examines selected multinational corporations’ (MNC) approaches to CSR as contained in their codes of conduct, in an effort to reach a comprehensive understanding of the purpose, interest and practices of businesses engaging in CSR activities. Particular attention is given to the analysis of labour orientated measures implemented by selected MNCs as they undertake to voluntarily act as proponents of the theory of the necessity of socially responsible businesses. The aim is to comparatively assess the legal dimension and the relevance, in different countries, of these MNC CSR commitments. The first part of the thesis is theoretical and has the purpose to present a comprehensive analysis of CSR against the current legal framework, at a global scale and within the context of selected countries. The thesis will explore the notion of CSR in order to present its definition and characteristics, briefly retrace its history, differentiate it from related and/or similar concepts, and finally assess the extent of its introduction and adaptation into various national and international institutional frameworks. Even though initially addressing the issue of CSR in the current legal framework as a whole, the scope of the thesis will ultimately be reduced to focus only on labour-related aspects of CSR. The aim of the thesis is to assess MNC’s CSR commitments, and subsequently highlight the interaction between CSR, labour and employment legal frameworks (at national and international level) and the effective implementation of labour rights and working conditions as observed in the context of different countries. More importantly, the thesis will also include a comparative analysis of CSR principles included in selected MNC codes of conduct, in order to assess the extent of their compliance with national labour legislation, international labour standards, as well as the standards and principles set by national and international CSR instruments and institutions. The purpose of such an exercise is to thoroughly assess the impact of a national context - in terms of national legal, economic, social and industrial framework - on the legal dimension, and the relevance of MNCs CSR commitments. A crucial argument developed in the thesis refers to the fact that MNC codes of conduct may have the potential to impact on labour rights and working conditions of a MNC across the different countries into which the MNC operates. Finally, considering the fact that as a topic CSR is a potentially controversial subject, it is necessary to point out, from the onset, that the thesis engages with the subject from a critical perspective. The approach therefore entails critically analysing and discussing MNC commitments and practices as observed in different countries, so as to be able to ascertain and comprehend the impact of a national context on the content, the relevance and the legal dimension of MNC codes of conducts.