The modern trombone player can experience a variety of styles on any given day. There is a need for the ability to switch between a plethora of styles ranging from avant-garde pieces to many forms of popular music to masterworks of the symphonic repertoire. It is the responsibility of the musician (performer or educator) to be familiar with all music due to global access via the internet. There is a responsibility to properly perform and respect music as more composers are beginning to blend different styles, genres, idioms, and cultures within the same composition. Daniel Schnyder is a prominent continuation of this style of musical collage that began with composers such as George Rochberg, Luciano Berio, Bernd Alois Zimmermann, and Charles Ives. The goal of this project is to analyze the stylistic saturation of Daniel Schnyder's Worlds Beyond Suite, focusing on performance and stylistic analysis to aid in an informed performance. This project will highlight the flexibility required by modern trombonists to perform with a deeper understanding of music in multiple styles, as the blending, juxtaposing, and superimposition of style is the universal future of music.

Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation analyses and investigates how virtual property functions inside virtual worlds. It also determines if, within that context, virtual property is similar to, or should be treated like real world property. The questions that are addressed include the following. What is the (real world) legal status of property in virtual worlds? Is it worthwhile to recognise and protect virtual property in real world law? Is it possible to recognise and protect virtual property in real world law, given the differences? Would recognition and protection of virtual property in real world law require or be restricted to instances where virtual property is or can be recognised as real rights? The dissertation finds that there is a definable concept of “virtual property” as it is encountered in virtual worlds and there is a great degree of similarity between the function of property in virtual and real world systems. There are also sufficient justifications (social, economic and normative) to recognise virtual property as property. Even though the function of property is similar in both systems, the similarities are undermined by the absence, complete or almost complete, of real rights in virtual worlds. This creates a problem since, in real world law, real rights enjoy stronger protection than weaker personal rights. The first reason for this absence of real rights stems from the unique (and mostly uncircumventable) nature of game-code that removes the necessity to make all rights in virtual worlds real rights. The second reason relates to the fact that most virtual world rights are completely derived from and regulated by contract. It is concluded that it is possible to recognise and protect virtual property by means of traditional private law property law (both Roman-Germanic and Anglo-American), constitutional property law, and criminal law. While criminal law will fill some gaps left by the absence of real rights, the rest that are left are contractual rights. In certain circumstances, these contractual rights may be strong enough and in other cases they may require support from special legislation that strengthens weak personal rights and makes them into stronger property-like rights. In constitutional cases, these rights derive support from constitutional property law. However, in other circumstances recognition and protection will probably require recognition of real rights. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif analiseer en ondersoek hoe virtuele eiendom in virtuele wêrelde werk. Dit gee ʼn oorsig oor die vraag of virtuele eiendom, in daardie konteks, vergelykbaar is met eiendom in die regte wêreld en dieselfde erkenning moet ontvang. Die volgende vrae word gestel en beantwoord. Wat is die (regte wêreld-) status van eiendom in ʼn virtuele wêreld? Is dit die moeite werd om virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld-regstelsels te erken en te beskerm? Is dit moontlik om virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld te erken en beskerm, gegewe die verskille? Sal erkenning en beskerming van virtuele eiendom in die regte wêreld-regstelsels vereis dat, of beperk word tot gevalle waar virtuele eiendom geïdentifiseer of erken word as saaklike regte? Die navorsing toon aan dat daar ʼn bepaalde konsep van virtuele eiendom is soos wat dit in virtuele wêrelde gevind word. Daar is ook ʼn merkbare ooreenkoms tussen die eiendomstelsels in die virtuele en regte wêrelde. Hierdie proefskrif bevind dat daar genoegsame regverdigingsgronde is (sosiaal, ekonomies, sowel as normatief) om regte wêreld-eiendomserkenning aan virtuele eiendom te verskaf. Alhoewel die funksie van eiendom dieselfde is in beide stelsels, word die ooreenkomste tussen hulle ondermyn deur die (algehele of amper algehele) tekort aan saaklike regte in die virtuele wêreld. Dit veroorsaak probleme, aangesien saaklike regte in die regte wêreld aansienlik sterker beskerming geniet as swakker persoonlike regte. Die redes vir hierdie tekort aan saaklike regte in ʼn virtuele wêreld is tweeledig. Eerstens veroorsaak die unieke aard van rekenaar-kode ʼn tekort aan saaklike regte binne die virtuele wêreld, aangesien die kode die bestaan van saaklike regte in meeste gevalle onnodig maak. Tweedens word meeste van die regte wat verkry word en bestaan in virtuele wêrelde geskep en gereguleer deur middel van kontrak. Daar word ook bevind dat dit moontlik is om aan virtuele eiendom erkenning en beskerming te gee deur middel van tradisionele privaatregtelike eiendom (beide Romeins-Germaans en Anglo-Amerikaans), konstitusionele eiendom en die strafreg. Strafreg kan egter slegs sekere gapings vul wat deur die tekort aan saaklike regte veroorsaak word. Die oorblywende regte sal egter persoonlike regte wees. In sekere omstandighede is dit moontlik dat hierdie persoonlike regte sterk genoeg sal wees, maar in ander gevalle sal dit nodig wees dat hul ondersteun word deur middel van die proklamasie van spesiale wetgewing wat swak persoonlike regte in die virtuele eiendom versterk tot eiendoms-agtige regte. In ander gevalle geniet hierdie regte beskerming deur die konstitusionele reg. In ander omstandighede sal dit egter verg dat erkenning en beskerming moet plaasvind deur die erkenning van saaklike regte in virtuele eiendom. / South African Research Chair in Property Law (sponsored by the Departement of Science and Technology (DST) / National Research Foundation (NRF) / University of Maastricht‟s Faculty of Law / Ius Commune Research School

<p>The purpose of this qualitative study has been; how social bonds are interlaced between thesocial worlds contained within the analytical division of “outside Internet” and “withinInternet”. What happens with the social bond as the individual oscillate between this analyticbisection? This purpose raises important questions of the use of Internet in everyday life.</p><p>A new stance is taken toward studying the Internets integration into everyday life. The focusis adjusted to the importance of emotions. Emotions of pride and shame will be treated as thesignals of social bonds state and will indicate the resistance or openness of this integration.Goffmans theory on face-work will be used as a complement. A cognitive approach on socialbonds will assist the emotional approach. This is interwoven with a perspective forunderstanding Internet as a medium in form rather than only to focus on the “content”.</p><p>The conclusion consists of a required consistency between the quality of the social bond onthe Internet and outside the Internet. The fear of inconsistency had to do with a threat of lossof face, not to come in conflict with established norms from outside the Internet.Development of close and intimate social bonds on the Internet that didn’t have a counterpartor was in inconsistency with the social bond outside Internet, lead to shame that threatenedthe social bond. The integration of Internet in everyday life is therefore not accomplished.Still, a new generation with instant access to the Internet is to be primary socialized undernew conditions.</p>

<p><!--[if !mso]> <object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object><mce:style><! st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --></p><p>Traditional education have for long been remaining without major changes made to the actual system. Up until very recently, there has been reluctance towards making fundamental and dramatic changes to the system, but as societies change and develop by mirroring on past experiences, new minds and new ways of thinking emerge suggesting changes and new developments. Consequently, new educational approaches such as e-learning and virtual learning have emerged.</p><p>Lately, technology has been transforming and developing than ever before and the demand for modifying accordingly to new technology has become a prerequisite for all industries and institutions. Already with e-learning, a derived concept is worthy of notice. Authenticity, meaning validity and accuracy, has been imposed as one major issue when it comes to e-learning, and also v-learning.</p><p>The main goal of this thesis is to present answers and suggestions to the following research questions:</p><p>Ø  What value does a virtual education method create for the students?</p><p>Ø  What implications are there for an education through Second Life and what is the significance of such an environment?</p><p>Ø  What are the main auxiliary instruments or tools that enhance authenticity and the achievement of high presence in a virtual environment?</p><p>This research adopted an inductive approach using a qualitative research. The characterizations of knowledge used were descriptive knowledge, normative knowledge, explanatory research and evaluating research for the respective research questions. As a result of collaborating with Kalmar University, Sweden’s first Second Life course <em>“Oral Production” </em>was observed and to intensify the results, an interview was held with the course’s lecturer. The results were thereon analyzed and scrutinized based on the Empirical Findings, Theoretical Framework – consisting of mainly pedagogical theories and of articles concerning virtual learning environments.</p><p>The conclusion of this research entails the answers for the research questions. An education via a virtual environment is a development of e-learning, which is an enhancement of a traditional physical education. All students are persuaded to be active and participate in learning, which also promotes interconnectedness between students and teacher. Students can do role-playing and do presentations without feeling embarrassed about their “real” identities being represented. Main auxiliary instruments include virtual presentation boards, audio to communicate with each other and the avatar to direct the speech. Additionally, to enhance high presence in a virtual environment, involving all students with creative exercises seems to be another means in achieving high presence in a virtual environment.</p><p> </p>

The representation of Chancery court in Charles Dickens’ Bleak House (1852-3) emphasises the inaccessibility of this institution to members of the laity. Dickens’ critique of Chancery chimes with Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological description of law as a formalistic social field defined by practices of exclusion. Dickens’ Chancery is however further inaccessible since it departs from Dickens’ laypeople’s horizons of expectation as a bureaucratic organisation characterised by its structural dispersion and the generation of great quantities of writing. This thesis therefore scrutinises Dickens’ treatment of Chancery in light of media-theoretical and geocritical, as well as sociological, frameworks and perspectives. This essay demonstrates that Dickens’ account of the institution of Chancery as conceptually inaccessible amounts to what I term a non-world heuristic. I contend that Dickens’ take on law anticipates what Fredric Jameson famously theorises as the dizzying “global world system” of late capitalism; the non-world heuristic of Bleak House—which combats disorientation in the social domain of law—may thus be understood as an early example of what Jameson terms an “aesthetic of cognitive mapping.” The non-world heuristic, this thesis proposes, likely has a role to play also in fictional attempts to cognitively map the global world system. I theorise the non-world heuristic in light of the discourse on accessibility in possible-worlds theory and the Kantian sublime, finding that the sublime non-world of Chancery is made accessible as inaccessible and that this dynamic is integral to Dickens’ aesthetic both as a maker of cognitive maps and as a realist novelist.

This thesis is a reflection from the cultural studies point of view of my personal volunteer experience in Ukraine. Its focus is to present practical use of anthropology or cultural studies knowledge in such field as volunteer or humanitarian work in a different culture. It suggests use of photography as a method of cognition of the environment. It presents an auto- photographic method as an alternative to a research using classical methods of visual anthropology. This thesis also presents two sets of photographs taken by children in a local orphanage which record their possible worlds. Key words: volunteering, auto-photography, visual anthropology, qualitative research, possible worlds

The work is a summary reflection on reading lyrical text and reader's understanding. It consists of two major topics - narratology and poetics of lyric poem - which are dissolved in the body of the work because of their meeting and direct confrontation. The third major circuit also dissolved in the body of work so that it can be functional for each complete part is poetry of Jiří Orten. Narratology now appears as a universal approach to the analysis of art (besides the literary text also film work, theater performances, paintings, etc., etc.). Poetics of lyric poetry is still adrift in a similar methodology. Considerations of this work are based on the assumption that narrative is one of the fundamental noetic structures of the human mind, and that storytelling is organizing principle of the human psyche. Based on this assumption the phenomenon of lyrical poem approaches to man as a kind of narratives that makes up a fictional world. Thoughts on the fictionality of poems, largely based on Doležel concept of fictional worlds is herein supported by Miroslav Červenka studie Fictional worlds of lyrical poetry. One of the last works of Červenka is confronted with other theoretical considerations on this subject (especially M.-L. Ryan, W. Iser and also U. Eco). Likewise this work is becomes a place of...

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar as múltiplas experiências humanas e subjetivas das pessoas surdas, e seus modos singulares de viver, sentir e refletir a vida. Para responder à questão norteadora, como os surdos observam e interpretam o mundo?, subdividi em quatro temas as narrativas advindas das entrevistas: 1) Família; 2) Comunidade Surda; 3) Educação e 4) Representação Social da Surdez e dos Surdos. E das anotações de campo, os temas: 1) Cultura Surda; 2) Acessibilidade; e 3) Corpo que Sinaliza. Nesta composição, busquei apoio teórico em Lane (1992) por descrever e refletir a cultura surda americana, servindo de comparação à cultura surda brasileira. Participaram das entrevistas cinco interlocutores surdos. Como método, optei por usar as narrativas, Benjamin (1985) das experiências de vida dos interlocutores, cedidas por meio das entrevistas e das anotações no diário de campo. Para transcrever/traduzir as entrevistas, Brito (1995) apresentou-se como uma importante interlocutora do campo da Linguística, para fundamentar sobre o sistema de transcrição dos enunciados da Língua de Sinais. As considerações finais foram elaboradas a partir dos campos da Antropologia (Augé, 1997; 1999); Sociologia (Bauman, 2003; 2005); Psicanálise (Safra, 2006; 2009) e Estudos Surdos (Strobel, 2009; Quadros, 2007). As formações subjetivas; as heterogêneas experiências de vida; o mundo de relações com o outro; as premissas culturais que conduzem suas vidas; aspectos particulares e universais de sua historicidade; o contato com a arte, a poesia, a espiritualidade e com as diversas possibilidades de expressão humana, entre outros, são indicativos que nos levam a compreender o modo singular que cada um dos interlocutores observa e interpreta o mundo / The aim of this study is to demonstrate the multiple subjective and human\'s experiences of deaf people and their singular ways of living, feeling and reflecting life. To answer the guiding question \"how do deaf people observe and interpret the world?, I have subdivided the interviews narratives into four topics: 1) Family; 2) Deaf Community; 3) Education; 4) Social Representation of Deafness and Deaf People. And the notes taken from the field material, the following topics: 1) Deaf Culture; 2) Accessibility; 3) Body Language. In this structure I have sought theoretical support from Lane (1992) based on his description and reflection on american deaf culture, serving as comparison to the brazilian deaf culture. Five deaf interlocutors have participated in the interviews. As the chosen method, I decided to use the narratives, Benjamin (1985) from the interlocutors\' life experiences, obtained from the interviews and the notes taken from the field material. To transcribe/translate the interviews, Brito (1995) presented herself as an important interlocutor in the field of the Linguistic, in order to substantiate the transcription of the system set out in Sign Language. The final considerations have been elaborated based on the field s of A nthropology ( Augé, 1997; 1999) ; Sociology ( Bauman, 2003; 2005); Psychoanalysis ( Safra, 2006; 2009) and Deaf Studies ( Strobel, 2009; Quadros, 2007) . The subjective development ; the diverse lifes experience; the world of relationships with other s ; the different cultural precepts that lead their lives ; individual and universal aspects of their stories ; the contact with art, poetry , spirituality and with the different possibilities of human expression , among others things , are indicative that lead us to understand the singular way that each one of the interlocutors observe and interpret the world

This essay discusses different ways of understanding inclusion from the perspective of existential experiences in the church with the help of communion ecclesiology. The aim is to analyze other ways of creating inclusion that are not founded on the principle of consensus which has been a preferred method in the broader church community trough the ages. As a contrast, this essay looksat an ecclesiology of communion as another way to be inclusive from the idea of unity through diversity and differences. By comparing the theology of Elisabeth Johnson and John D. Zizioulas and their views of the other through Paul Jones theory of theological worlds this essay tries to answer the question: How can an ecclesiology of communion contribute to a broader church inclusion from the perspective of existential pluralism? After looking at how these theologians view inclusion in relation to Christian tradition, high and low ecclesiology and their relationship to different theological worlds the conclusion is that an ecclesiology of communion can create a more genuine form of inclusion by focusing more on the sensus fidei fidelis rather than the consensus fidei. By looking at the church more as a vessel of a multitude of experiences and personhoods combined by the relationship and narrative of Christ which find the community in the eschaton, rather than tradition, the church as a community can be a more inclusive place.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luc mertins.pdf: 2775714 bytes, checksum: 47026d2266864071d5f4551ef153a2fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-25 / This paper presents a model for the extension of the real world through 3D Virtual Worlds system that ensures semantic integration and the ability to infer new information, using a common platform aggregating the Knowledge Base, reasoners for operate it open standards and interfaces for connections to the most diverse systems. It's motivation stems from the increasing use of 3D Virtual Worlds systems, 3D games that mix with the approach of social networks, and the lack of these systems in relation to the ability to semantically understand what happens to their avatars and users. This lack of semantics goes against the intended for the Internet evolution and considered beneficial by this author. This motivated this work to understand these technologies and build a prototype that adds to the 3D virtual world the ability to notify its users with information that is not manually provided to the Knowledge Base, but inferred from it, using data from the most elementary level / Este trabalho apresenta um modelo para a extensão do Mundo Real através de sistemas de Mundos Virtuais 3D que garante a integração semântica e a capacidade de inferir novas informações, utilizando-se de uma plataforma comum que agrega a Base de Conhecimento, raciocinadores capacitados a operá-la e interfaces de padrões abertos para conexões com os mais diversos sistemas. Sua motivação origina-se no uso crescente dos sistemas de Mundos Virtuais 3D, que mesclam jogos 3D com a abordagem das redes sociais, e na carência destes sistemas em relação à capacidade de compreender semanticamente o que ocorre com seus avatares e usuários. Esta ausência de capacidade semântica vai na contramão da evolução pretendida para a Internet e considerada benéfica por este autor, o quê motivou este trabalho a compreender estas tecnologias e construir um protótipo que agrega ao Mundo Virtual 3D a capacidade de notificar seus usuários com informações que não foram manualmente fornecidas a Base de Conhecimento, mas inferidas da mesma, através de dados de nível mais elementar