Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In November 2009, xenophobic violence flared up in De-Doorns, a small rural town which lies in the Breede Valley Municipality of the Western Cape where table grape production is the main economic activity. The De-Doorns violence involved local South African residents as perpetrators and a significant number of migrant workers mostly Zimbabweans as victims. The central purpose of this thesis is to compare the explanations for xenophobic violence given by female victims with explanations drawn from the research community and the mass media covering the De-Doorns incident. The major research question is to find reasons for this De-Doorns violence given by female victims, by the research community and by the print media. The results point to the following motives for xenophobic violence: frustrations that translated into xenophobic violence were driven by labour matters. South Africans believed that Zimbabweans were accepting seasonal farm work from farmers at lower wages than those for locals. The violence was also perceived to have been initiated by labour brokers and by a local ANC councillor. The current investigation indicates that the potential for xenophobia-related violence still exists in South African townships even after the widespread outburst of xenophobic violence of 2008 since refugees and vulnerable migrants remain visible targets. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In November 2009 het xenofobiese geweld opgevlam in De Doorns, ‘n klein landelike dorp in die Breede Vallei munisipaliteit van die Wes Kaap waar die produksie van tafeldruiwe die belangrikste ekonomiese aktiwiteit is. Hierdie geweldadige insident het plaaslike Suid- Afrikaanse inwoners as aanvallers en buitelandse migrante – hoofsaaklik Zimbabweërs – as slagoffers betrek. Die hoofdoel van die tesis is om verklarings vir dié geweld soos gegee deur vroulike slagoffers, deur die navorsingsgemeenskap en deur die koerant-media met mekaar te vergelyk. Die hoof vraag is om redes vir dié geweld in De Doorns soos gestel deur hierdie drie groeperings vas te stel. Die navorsings resultate identifiseer die volgende belangrike motiewe vir xenofobiese geweld: frustrasies omtrent arbeidsaangeleenthede wat aanleiding gegee het tot aggressie. Suid-Afrikaners het geglo dat Zimbabweërs seisoenale arbeidsgeleenthede van boere ontvang het teen laer lone as dié vir plaaslike inwoners. Tweedens, is die belangrike waarneming dat die geweld bevorder is deur arbeidsagente en deur 'n plaaslike ANC raadslid. Hierdie navorsing dui aan dat die potensiaal vir xenofobiesverwante geweld steeds bestaan in Suid-Afrikaanse woongebiede selfs na die reeks geweldadige insidente van 2008 as gevolg van die sigbaarheid van Afrika-migrante in hierdie gebiede.

I denna studie utreds om utvecklandet av emotionell intelligens behövs i religionskunskapsundervisningen på gymnasiet, samt om en sådan pedagogik kan motarbeta främlingsfientlighet. I studien utreds också hur kunskap värderas i religionskunskapsundervisningen, samt i skolan i övrigt. I undersökningen har vi använt oss av olika forskares studier, samt kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta elever från två olika skolor i landskapet Gästrikland, Sverige. Vi har sedan jämfört och analyserat resultatet av dessa. Resultatet av undersökningen visade att utvecklandet av social intelligens värderades högst i religionskunskapsundervisningen, samt i skolans övriga ämnen och att social och emotionell intelligens främjar olika sorters förmågor. Vidare visade resultatet att utvecklandet av social intelligens inte kan motarbeta främlingsfientlighet, då denna förmåga endast utvecklar empati i syfte att anpassa sig till samhällets sociala normer, vilket kan leda till en falsk empati. Emotionell intelligens kräver, till skillnad från social intelligens, reflektion över egna och andras känslor, vilket kan leda till att en genuin empati utvecklas, samt en förståelse för människors känslor som allmänmänskliga processer. Således kan främlingsfientlighet motarbetas om emotionell intelligens används i pedagogiken, vilken bör genomsyra alla årskurser och ämnen med hjälp av narrativa metoder. / This study investigates if the development of emotional intelligence is needed in religious studies in upper secondary school and if that kind of pedagogy can oppose xenophobia. The study also investigates how knowledge is measured in religious studies and in school in general. We have used different researchers' theories to enrich our own research. We have also utilized quantitative interviews with eight students from two different schools in the county of Gästrikland, Sweden, which we have compared and analyzed. The result of the study showed that the development of social intelligence was the most valued trait in religious studies and also in other subjects in general. We also discovered that social and emotional intelligence encourages different kinds of abilities. Social intelligence can not oppose xenophobia since people who use this kind of intelligence only develops empathy in order to adapt to the social norms of society, which could lead to false empathy. Emotional intelligence, on the other hand, demands that the person in question reflect upon both their own and others' feelings. This can lead to the development of genuine empathy and an understanding of feelings as a general human process. Emotional intelligence can therefore be used to oppose xenophobia, which should permeate all education no matter the grade or subject, with the help of narrative methods.

The thesis concentrates on Approaches of youth drop-in centers and outreach services towards xenophobia and racism among teenagers. It deals with topics, such as xenophobia, racism, situation of Czech society concerning these two issues and the legal view point towards it. It describes the period of growing up, what features and reasons of xenophobia and racism appear among the teenage group. It characterizes a growing up person as a user of social services. The thesis describes inspirational approaches of multicultural education heading towards development of tolerance, possibilities of education and approaches to xenophobia and racism of various organizations. Further on, it gives a number of examples of experiences from several other European countries. It introduces social services of youth drop-in centers and outreach services. It mainly deals with approaches of both services towards working with teenage clients who show signs of xenophobia and racism. The practical part of the thesis discovers approaches of social workers of various youth drop-in centers and outreach services in the Czech Republic towards xenophobia and racism among teenager clients. Key words: xenophobia, racism, teenagers, multicultural/intercultural education, experiences abroad, youth drop-in centers, outreach services

Annotation: The thesis is devoted to the Multicultural education on the Czech primary and grammar schools. The thesis is separated into two parts. First theoretic part is focused on the idea of multicultural awareness, definition of the Multicultural education and its interpretation by the Framework Education Programme. Professional education of designated specialists in this area. Teacher's and pupil's ethnical opinion. Study of diverse organizations focused on the Multicultural education and their study curriculum. The second part of my thesis is quality research, which is based on semi-structured interviews with four education specialists teaching Multicultural education on primary and grammar schools in Prague and Česká Lípa within the Civic education. Thesis base is about real level of Multicultural education on the selected schools, evaluating how teachers incorporating teaching aids and examining schools cooperation with organizations providing multicultural programs and teaching aids. Another goal is find out whether teachers have a professional education in this area. Another important focus of my research is examine the teachers own attitude and dealing with xenophobia and racism during the lessons and their ethical values.. The main goal of this thesis is to compare level of the Multicultural...

Dissertation in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Migration and Displacement Studies, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand April 2016 / Responding to inadequacies and limitations of current causal explanations for xenophobic violence which has become a long standing feature in post-Apartheid South Africa, this study proposes a Governance Model of Xenophobic Violence that provides a comprehensive empirically-based and theoretically informed causal explanation. It is a multivariate empirical and integrated theoretical explanatory model that identifies and explains the roles of - and the complex interplays between - the key determinants of xenophobic violence consisting of underlying causes, proximate factors and triggers. The six key determinants the model identifies are: deprivation, xenophobic beliefs, collective discontent, political economy, mobilization and governance. This study argues that these determinants and their interconnections in a value-added process constitute the necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of xenophobic violence. I call it the governance model because of the predominant role governance plays in the occurrence of xenophobic violence. With underlying causes (deprivation, xenophobia and collective discontent) already established, the study pays particular attention to the often missed proximate factors and triggers (the political economy of the violence, mobilization and governance). It is through the findings on these new factors that the study introduces new empirical and theoretical insights and innovations to the understanding of, not only, xenophobic violence in South Africa but also collective violence generally. First, this study argues that xenophobic violence in South Africa is just ‘politics by other means and by doing so brings to the fore the often missed centrality of micro-politics and localised political economy factors as key drivers of collective violence particularly communal violence. Second, the study argues that that the triggers of xenophobic violence and of collective violence generally lie in the mobilization processes and not in the grievances and ensuing discontent as argued by many theoretical approaches to collective violence. The study suggests a new theoretical model, the Mobilization of Discontent Model, which captures the increasingly recognised centrality of mobilization as a trigger of collective violence. Third, the study argues that governance is a key determinant of xenophobic and collective violence but not necessary in ways often assumed or prescribed by time-honoured and widely accepted theoretical predictions, particularly those contending that collective violence and other forms of contentious collective action tend to occur in societies where mechanisms of social control have lost their restraining power. By demonstrating that local governance deliberately facilitated the occurrence of xenophobic violence in areas where it occurred by providing what I term micro-political opportunity structures, the study calls into question the common understating of the relationship between governance and collective violence and reveals some aspects of this relationship that are either misunderstood or undetected until now. The Governance Model of Xenophobic Violence this study proposes is an innovation that clearly illustrates the poverty of most explanatory models of collective violence, which makes it an appropriate tool for integrating empirical and theoretical knowledge from different disciplines and for identifying gaps in existing scholarship. / MT2017

Research presented for the degree of Master of Management in the field of Public and Development Management to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management of the University of Witwatersrand. March 2016 / As an economic hub of Africa, South Africa has been experiencing an influx of economic and political migrants leading to the ethnic diversification of its population. This trend has incited a xenophobic atmosphere due to frustrations from locals, and has led to violent attacks towards foreign nationals. In particular, the Somali population has endured a high number of attacks as this group has successfully penetrated the informal business market in the townships of South Africa. Government has responded to these xenophobic attacks by proposing, amongst others, a Licensing of Businesses Bill in 2013. The bill has been criticised by the public as it is considered a hostile policy that aims to enforce regulations that restrict foreign nationals from operating businesses in the informal sector. This political dilemma has also led to questions as to how this policy response may have an effect on social cohesion in unequal societies where violence against Somalis is prevailing. The Klipspruit community was selected as it forms part of the City of Johannesburg that has a significant amount of Somali informal traders. The purpose of the study was to examine the root causes of violence against Somalis and the potential of the governments’ policy response to mitigate this phenomenon. In particular, the study also investigated the effect of the proposed Licensing of Businesses Bill on social cohesion development between Somalis and South Africans in Klipspruit. The qualitative research findings indicate that violence against Somalis was due to the economic situation, lack of regulation, competition and business miscommunication. The responses were generally driven by the perception that the government of South Africa introduced a bill that is fostered by nationalistic interests to the detriment of foreign nationals such as Somalis. It is therefore recommended that the government develops a way to enhance power sharing in decision-making processes, monitoring and correcting inequalities amongst culturally distinct groups, promoting cultural diversity and integration through education and lastly ensuring that the government acts in a constitutional manner. / GR2018

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage, inwieweit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit den Mitteln des Strafrechts auf rechtsextremistisch / fremdenfeindlich motivierte Gewalttaten reagiert werden sollte. Dabei geht es insbesondere um die Untersuchung, ob es einer Neuregelung im Strafrecht bedarf. Nach der Darstellung der kriminalpolitischen Lage wird zunächst ein Blick zurück auf den Umgang der deutschen Justiz mit Gesinnungstätern in der Vergangenheit seit 1945 gerichtet. Im Ergebnis wird festgestellt, dass sich die Justiz nicht zur Bekämpfung politischer Einstellungen oder gesellschaftlicher Skandale eignet. Die Untersuchung der Rechtsprechung bezogen auf fremdenfeindlich / rechtsextremistisch motivierte Gewalttaten seit 1990 bis heute zeigt, dass eine entsprechende Motivation in besonderer Weise, meist strafverschärfend berücksichtigt wird. Das bestehende Strafrecht erfasst diese Taten und bedroht sie mit angemessenen Strafen. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, ob dennoch aus symbolischen Gründen eine neue strafrechtliche Regelung notwendig ist. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die "hate crime"-Regelungen der USA und einiger ausgewählter europäischer Staaten dargestellt. Diese sind entweder eigenständige Straftatbestände oder - überwiegend - Strafzumessungsregeln. Im Ergebnis wird für das deutsche Strafrecht eine Neuregelung, die einzig im Bereich der Strafzumessung realisierbar wäre, abgelehnt. / This work is focussed on the issue to what extend the penal law should be used against rightwing extremistic and xenophobic motivated crimes in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is investigated, whether a new legal regulation is necessary or not. First the current political situation regarding that crimes is discussed. Afterwards it is shown how certain political convictions have been taken into consideration by judicature in Germany from 1945 to the present. As a result it is found, that judicature is not a proper way to deal with political convictions or social scandals. Investigating the dispensation regarding rightwing extremistic and xenophobic motivated crimes since 1990 one finds that such a motivation leads to a more severe sentencing. Crimes likes that are already covered by the existing penal law and there are reasonable penalties for it. The resulting question is, whether a new regulation in penal law might be necessary for symbolic reasons. The hate crime concepts of the United States of America and some selected european countries are investigated in this context. Either these are separate penal laws or mostly sentencing regulations. It is shown, that only a sentencing regulation might be considered for the german penal law. As the final result, this is refused by the author.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anna Carolina de Almeida Scheuer.pdf: 994614 bytes, checksum: 156c6f00475c8a96e71d76d3ef2feb3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-28 / There are some clinical cases that compel the analyst to write about them as a means of working through the events experienced with a certain analysand. Thus, the present paperwork is, above all, the result of the analytical work with a boy and his family, considering the encounters and conflicts that we went through. A boy with a robotic way of walking, with a look that ran through anyone who stared at him and with serious problems of social interaction. During the sessions there were activities of pure, meaningless discharge, a toy house invaded by enemy warriors, lying down on the couch and sleeping soundly. A family who loved war games and movies, admired major dictators and listened to neo-Nazi songs. A German descent analyst trying to understand and to make sense of all these things. In order to try to understand the psychic way of functioning of this analysand and, to some extent, his family‟s as well as the contents that emerged during the analytical process, various concepts elaborated by Melanie Klein and the so-called post-Klein authors are used here as theoretical foundation. Furthermore, a detailed reflection on the way our analytic work was interrupted is presented, taking into consideration the complex short-circuit that came about in the transference and in the counter-transference. If, in the beginning, the identifications between the analyst and the analysand favored the establishment of the transference, they ended up severely obstructing the counter-transference. If we were supposedly alike, we eventually turned out to be totally different, it was no longer possible to keep on walking together. From this estrangement experienced in the analytic relationship, we take a further step to think about the dangerous chaining up between anguish upon facing the different, fear of the stranger/foreigner and, finally, hatred and urge to destroy him. For this purpose, the events that took place in Germany before and during World War II are used as illustrative examples / Há certos casos clínicos que convocam o analista a escrever como forma de elaborar psiquicamente as vivências experimentadas no trabalho com determinado analisando. Assim, o presente trabalho é fruto, acima de tudo, do encontro-desencontro analítico vivido no atendimento de um garoto e de sua família. Um menino com andar robótico, com um olhar que atravessava quem o mirava e com sérios problemas de interação social. Nas sessões, o que havia eram atividades de pura descarga sem sentido, uma casa de brinquedo invadida por guerreiros inimigos e deitar no divã e dormir profundamente. Uma família que adorava jogos e filmes de guerra, admirava grandes ditadores e escutava músicas neonazistas. Uma analista descendente de alemães, buscando entender e dar um lugar para tudo isso. Para tentar compreender o modo de funcionamento psíquico desse analisando e, em alguma medida, de sua família e os conteúdos que emergiram durante o processo analítico são utilizados aqui como referencial teórico diversos conceitos elaborados por Melanie Klein e pelos chamados autores pós-kleinianos. Além disso, é feita uma minuciosa reflexão sobre a maneira como o trabalho analítico foi interrompido, considerando o curto-circuito complexo que se formou na transferência e na contratransferência. Se, no início, as identificações entre analista e analisando facilitaram o estabelecimento da transferência, por fim, elas dificultaram muito a contratransferência. Se éramos supostamente iguais, passamos a ser totalmente diferentes, tornou-se impossível continuar caminhando juntos... A partir desse estranhamento experienciado na relação analítica, é dado um salto para pensar no perigoso encadeamento entre angústia perante o diferente, medo do estranho/estrangeiro e, por fim, ódio e desejo de destruí-lo. Para isso, os fenômenos ocorridos na Alemanha antes e durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial são tomados como exemplos ilustrativos

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD (School of Public Health) / South Africa has an estimated two million documented and undocumented immigrants. In addition, Statistics South Africa (2014) notes very significant internal migration. This mobile population is affected by chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases such as TB, HIV, and diabetes, although it has a Constitutional right to health and healthcare. Their quality of healthcare and disease control also affects the general population and the burden on the health system can be increased by inadequately managed chronic conditions as well as acute health care needs. Access to healthcare and continuity of care reflect both patient agency and the health system. Community Health Workers (CHWs) play an important role in linking communities and patients to health services and vice versa. The aim of this study was to understand how agricultural migrants in the Cape Winelands District of Western Cape Province of South Africa navigated the healthcare system to access healthcare services including securing continuity of care, and in particular the role of CHWs in this process, in order to inform policy and practice.

<p>The impact of global migration on local contexts has spawned new issues and a range of social responses. These include the emergence of &lsquo / xenophobia&rsquo / in the terrain of discrimination and&nbsp / the subsequent development of popular educational responses to this. As part of popular educational responses, adult education programmes have assumed an important role in changing&nbsp / people&rsquo / s attitudes. This long research paper presents a critical analysis of how a human rights and counter-xenophobia peer educators&rsquo / programme enables young adults to develop a critical consciousness about human rights and &lsquo / xenophobia&rsquo / . The research focused on learning materials, course content, training methodology and processes of a three-day human rights and counter- xenophobia workshop held by Umoja wa Afrika, a local non-governmental organization, in March/April 2007 at Goedgedacht, just outside Cape Town. The research was based on qualitative&nbsp / methodology which included an exploration of relevant literature, interviews with participants and facilitators, as well as the researcher&rsquo / s critical reflections. The research was located within a&nbsp / critical theory framework in the field of adult&nbsp / learning, and drew from the work of Paulo Freire (1970) and Stephen Brookfield(2005).&nbsp / The key finding of the study is that the experience of the&nbsp / workshop enabled participants to develop a critical awareness - but not necessarily a critical understanding of human rights and &lsquo / xenophobia&rsquo / . The participants identified specific factors that&nbsp / contributed to such awareness. These included the diverse composition of participants, the &lsquo / accompanying&rsquo / facilitation style, and the interactive training methodology. This study makes a&nbsp / contribution to understanding human rights peer education in the South African context and the extent to which such provision could enable participants to develop a critical understanding of&nbsp / human rights and xenophobia. This study is an attempt to make an original contribution in this area. As such it adds to literature in applied critical methodology.&nbsp / </p>