This essay uses existential ideas of Jean-Paul Sartre to provide a philosophy of college piano performance teaching which includes awareness of freedom, abandonment and responsibility as a prerequisite for student-teacher interaction. To set the stage for the interaction the study uses Sartre's philosophy, illustrated with concrete examples from the world of piano teaching and performing, to describe what it means to be human. The author applies Sartre's writings about literature to support the idea of an engaged performance, relating it to existential psychoanalysis, making the performer and audience member realize freedom through choice, while addressing ideas of abandonment and performance anxiety. Sartre's philosophy is used to identify the roles both teachers and students play in the college environment as people and as performers. The study with the help of existentialism, describes the interaction between the different elements: teacher, student, performer, and human being, and provides a better understanding of the complexity of the pupil/professor relationship in the college piano performance program.

The work presented in this Doctoral Thesis has studied the temporal and spatial patterns of the most relevant soil parameters with special attention posed to soil biological and biochemical dynamics occurring at the studied soils in a very fragile area at Cap de Creus Peninsula, NE Spain. The main objective was to establish evidence of soil quality through the study of soil carbon dynamics (loss and storage) and their interactions with soil ecosystems. Soil environments were classified in terms of degree of soil quality, relating soil properties with plant cover species, especially along a sequence of agricultural abandonment where perturbations like wildfire and strong downpours often cause regressive dynamics in the natural succession of spontaneous vegetation and start erosion and degradation processes. At this regard, when fire occurrence is frequent, a quick drop down of all soil attributes was recorded leading to loss of biodiversity and, ultimately, desertification. / El treball de tesi doctoral ha estudiat els trets espacials i temporals de paràmetres mes rellevants del sòl, amb especial atenció en la dinàmica biològica i bioquímica que es dona en un àrea molt fràgil situada en la Península del Cap de Creus, NE Espanya. L’objectiu principal ha estat establir la qualitat dels sòls mitjançant l’estudi de la dinàmica del carboni (pèrdues i embornals) i la interacció amb l’ecosistema sòl. Els ambients estudiats s’han classificats en termes de qualitat del sòl, relacionant les seves propietats amb la coberta vegetal, especialment al llarg d’una seqüència d’abandonament agrícola on la presencia de pertorbacions com incendis o pluges causen sovint una dinàmica regressiva en la successió natural de la vegetació espontània i activen processos d’erosió i degradació. Tanmateix, en cas d’incendis freqüents, es registra un ràpid deteriorament de les propietats del sòl que provoca una pèrdua de biodiversitat i, mes tard, una desertificació.

[pt] Como me tornei Clarice divide-se em três partes. A primeira parte se intitulada Cansaço e se constitui de contos que reconstituem o final da vida de seis autores de literatura brasileira. A saber: Clarice Lispector, Ana Cristina Cesar, Paulo Leminski, Torquato Neto, Caio Fernando Abreu e Hilda Hilst. Misturando elementos ficcionais com biográficos, os contos almejam elaborar um jogo narrativo em que os fatos possam ser tomados pela ficção. A segunda parte se constitui do par de contos Latejos e Enxame. Neles, a voz que narra revela um escritor que passava seus dias se sentindo só em meio ao caos urbano (Latejos) que decide, então, promover fisicamente a imagem do isolamento ao se mudar para um sítio rural a fim de cultivar abelhas (Enxame). A terceira e última parte, que dá título à dissertação, é o ensaio autobiográfico Como me tornei Clarice, que dá sequência às partes ficcionais I e II explicita o processo de composição dos contos de Cansaço bem como busca demonstrar o estado de perturbação necessário para a escrita do homem de trinta anos resistindo à ânsia de seu próprio fim elaborado em Latejos e aprofundado em Enxame. / [en] How I Became Clarice is divided in three sections. The first, Tiredness, is made up of six short stories that re-create the last moments of the lives of six Brazilian authors: Clarice Lispector, Ana Cristina Cesar, Paulo Leminski, Torquato Neto, Caio Fernando Abreu, and Hilda Hilst. These stories combine biographical information and fictional elements in a narrative game where the reader cannot tell fact from fiction. The second section includes two stories, Throb and Swarm, narrated by a writer who spends his lonely days immersed in urban chaos (Throb) and decides to physically promote the image of isolation by leaving the city to live in the country, working as a beekeeper (Swarm). The third and last section, which has the same title as the thesis, How I Became Clarice, is an autobiographical essay; sections I and II deal with the process of creating the short stories of Tiredness and also show the state of mental disorder that allows the thirty-year-old author depicted in Throb and Swarm to write even as he resists his own death drive.

As a point of departure in this inherently interdisciplinary endeavour, the concept "Holistic Multidisciplinary Management" ("HMM") is introduced a.s a macrocosmic adaption of principles of project management. In line with HMM, a number of submissions regarding terminology and definitions in the interdisciplinary context of medicine (and particularly clinical psychiatry) and law, are made, and the foundations of medical malpractice are examined. Building on the various foundations laid, specific types of conduct that can constitute clinical-psychiatric malpractice, are addressed. A common theme that emerges in the various contexts covered, is that the psychiatrist must negotiate various proverbial tightropes, involving inter alia tensions between restraint and freedom, excessive and insufficient medication, becoming too involved and not being involved enough with clients, as well as client confidentiality and the duty to warn third parties. It is concluded that law and medicine. must work harmoniously together to establish appropriate balance. This can be achieved only if mutual understanding and integrated functioning are promoted and translated into practice. / Law / LL.M.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Maria Pontili.pdf: 8362339 bytes, checksum: d83c1250e166acbe5bf73d73fa50e0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Fundação Araucária / Achieving universal primary education in Brazil constitutes in one of the main goals in the education area, that facts and several studies prove the positive influence of educational level on the economic well-being of an individual. Therefore, this thesis was proposed to analyze the determinants of the school abandonment and also the educational backwardness, regarding to teenagers aged among 14 - 17, from south of Brazil. Specifically, the intention was to investigate the influence of individual and family characteristics as well as the socioeconomic conditions of the municipality, concerning the level of education, and the ideal age to attend high school. Thereby, It was applied the hierarchical logit model to the Census 2010 data, along with other social and economic information that has been obtained through the municipalities average. The econometric analysis was preceded by a Statistical Analysis of Spatial Data (ESDA), as well as a descriptive statistic about school abandonment and the educational backwardness. The main results showed the importance of individual characteristics on educational decision, it was concluded that the boys leave school and are late in one s studies, more often than the girls. The fact of being working increases the chances of abandoning school, however it has the effect of reducing the educational backwardness. Receiving social benefit from the Federal Government contributes to the reduction of abandoning studies, nevertheless influences the educational backwardness. Relating to family characteristics it was shown that the education level, skin color and race significantly influence the condition of the adolescents at school. It was also stated the negative and significant effect of family income in this two dependent variables. Concerning about the social and economic indicators level of the cities, it was found that these indicators affect the abandonment and educational backwardness, both in existing internal relations in a city, and from a significant neighborhood effect. In this case, adolescents are deciding to stay in school and dedicate oneself to studies through the observation to the reality in which one lives. Once the local reality suffers the effect of economic and social conditions, the final decision of adolescents and one s families is influenced by a set of economic and social factors related. The conclusion to these observations is that isolated policies are not successful through the adolescent s education level. Once there is the evidence of the individual and family characteristics importance, it is proposed the maintenance and improvement of social policies in the country that aims to improve the family income, as well as the educational conditions of mothers and heads of household. In addition to policies that improve economic and social conditions of the families it is of vital importance to create coordinated actions, which help to stimulate employment and economic activity, especially in the regions where the indicators were negative. / Para o Brasil atingir o ensino básico universal constitui-se em uma das principais metas para a área da educação, o que vem ao encontro de diversas pesquisas que comprovam a influência positiva do nível de escolaridade sobre o bem-estar econômico de um indivíduo. Diante disso, a presente tese propôs-se em analisar os determinantes do abandono e do atraso escolar, para os adolescentes com idade entre 14 e 17 anos, da região Sul do Brasil. Especificamente, buscou-se investigar a influência das características individuais e familiares, assim como das condições socioeconômicas do município, sobre a decisão em relação ao nível de escolaridade, das pessoas com idade ideal para cursar o ensino médio. Para tanto, aplicou-se um modelo logit hierárquico aos dados do Censo Demográfico 2010, em conjunto com outras informações sociais e econômicas que foram obtidas para a média dos municípios. A análise econométrica foi antecedida por uma Análise Estatística de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), como também por uma estatística descritiva para a evasão e o atraso escolar. Os principais resultados mostraram a importância das características individuais sobre a decisão educacional, sendo que: rapazes abandonam a escola e se atrasam nos estudos, mais que as garotas. O fato de estar trabalhando aumenta a probabilidade de abandono escolar, mas tem o efeito de reduzir o atraso escolar. O recebimento de benefício social do Governo Federal contribui com a redução do abandono escolar, mas influencia o atraso escolar no sentido de aumenta-lo. Sobre as características familiares demonstrou-se que, tanto a escolaridade, quanto a cor ou raça da mãe, influenciam significativamente na condição escolar dos adolescentes. Comprovou-se, também, o efeito negativo e significativo da renda familiar per capita sobre as duas variáveis dependentes. Sobre os indicadores sociais e econômicos em nível de município, comprovou-se que tais indicadores afetam o abandono e o atraso escolar, tanto nas relações internas existentes em um município, quanto a partir de um efeito vizinhança significativo. Neste caso, os adolescentes estão tomando a decisão de permanecer na escola e/ou dedicar-se nos estudos a partir da observação em relação à realidade na qual estão inseridos. Uma vez que a realidade local sofre o efeito das condições econômicas e sociais da região, a decisão final dos adolescentes e suas respectivas famílias sofre a influência de um conjunto de fatores econômicos e sociais encadeados entre si. A conclusão para este conjunto de constatações é de que políticas públicas isoladas não surtem o efeito desejado sobre o nível educacional dos adolescentes. Uma vez comprovada a importância das características individuais e familiares, propõe-se a manutenção e aprimoramento das políticas sociais já existentes no país, que tenham como objetivo a melhoria da renda familiar per capita, assim como das condições educacionais das mães e responsáveis pelas famílias. Além das políticas que melhoram as condições econômicas e sociais das famílias, é de fundamental importância um conjunto de ações coordenadas que contribuam para estimular o nível de emprego e a atividade econômica, de modo especial, nas regiões em que os indicadores se apresentaram negativos.

MENVSC / Department of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences / Agricultural abandonment is a challenge in areas of South Africa more especially in rural areas. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods of in sampling and collection and analysis. It adopted a case cross-sectional study design. This design is a case study in nature, hence this study compared the active and none active farmers in identifying the causes and effects of the phenomenon studied. Comparatively, the study sought to find out if there are factors influencing farm abandonment and its consequences in Tshiombo village. The study was based on field surveys allowing for observation and with respect to agricultural abandonment. In addition to observation open ended questions together with questionnaires were administered to extension officers. The data collected from open ended questions and questionnaires was recorded and subjected to descriptive analysis. Several factors have been identified influencing farm abandonment. The challenges ranges from needs prioritization, infrastructure and capacity. It was recommended that government should reinstate its support to small scale farmers prioritize the maintenance of irrigation canals. The prioritisation of agriculture will attract many into agricultural practice with the aim of reducing poverty and starvation in rural communities. / NRF

Cette thèse examine les décisions financières à travers la théorie des options Américaines et Exotiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons présenté une revue de la littérature sur les options de type Américain. La tarification de l’option Américaine standard d’achat est revisitée en vue de fournir les pré-requis. Dans l’étape suivante, un nouveau type de contrat d’option, appelé Strangle Euro-American ou Strangle Hybride, a été introduit. Des formules analytiques ont été fournies pour leurs prix ainsi que leurs paramètres de gestion. Une nouvelle méthode est proposée pour calculer les intégrales qui définissent les bornes d’exercice anticipé. Il a été démontré que cette méthode est efficiente, précise et rapide pour la tarification de tous les types de Strangle voir au delà. Puis, nous avons examiné les options Step de type Américain. Nous avons démontré que les propriétés des options d’achat "vanille" ne s’appliquent pas aux Step dans certaines situations. Les formules d’évaluation et des paramètres de gestion ont été déterminés. Et enfin, nous avons considéré l’évaluation d’une firme détenant simultanément une option d’abandon et une option d’expansion de ses activités selon des conditions du marché (favorables ou défavorables). Les seuils critiques de décision ont été obtenus. Des formules analytiques pour la valeur de la firme ont été obtenues. Des simulations illustrent le comportement de ces seuils critiques de décisions anticipées. / This thesis investigates the financial decisions through the theory of American and Exotic options. First, the literature on American-style derivatives is surveyed. The pricing of standard American call option in the early exercise premium representation is addressed in order to provide prerequisites for what follows. Second, a new variant of Strangle contracts, called Euro-American or Hybrid Strangles, is introduced and priced. Analytical formulas are provided for the prices of all these option contracts as well as their hedging parameters. A new quadrature is proposed to account for the systems of coupled integral equations that locate the early exercise boundaries. It is shown to be efficient, accurate, and fast for pricing all types of early exercisable strangles and more. Third, we examines the valuation of American Step options contract. The structures of the immediate exercise regions of the various contracts are identified. Typical properties of American vanilla calls are shown to fail in some cases. Formulas for prices and hedging parameters, for the American Step options, are derived. Finally, we consider the valuation of a firm holding simultaneously an option to expand and to abandon productions depending on the state of the market (good or bad) in a real option framework. Optimal decision levels are obtained. Analytical formulas for the firm’s value are provided. Numerical results document the behavior of the firm’s value and optimal exercise boundaries levels.

[pt] Investiga-se a presença, na literatura infantil, de temas fortes como solidão, abandono e destruição ambiental como modo de evidenciar e discutir a porosidade de leituras que permitem tanto o adulto quanto a criança coabitarem espaços potencializadores do sensorial (olhar, escutar, tocar), atravessando-os como fluxos que eclodem em experiências que transbordam para além do contato com o livro. A dissertação reúne os livros Por parte de pai, de Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós; Um dia, um rio, de Leo Cunha com ilustrações de André Neves e Rosa, de Odilon Moraes e estabelece pontos de contato entre estes e textos teóricos com a intenção de diluir fronteiras, sejam elas em termos de público (infantil/adulto) ou de experiências, compondo, assim, uma literatura infantil que se revela cada vez mais complexa e multifacetada. Para isso, as referências crítico-teóricas são constituídas por autores que pesquisam sobre literatura infantil como Teresa Colomer, Nelly Novaes Coelho, Peter Hunt, Sandra Beckett, e de autores como Walter Benjamin, Deleuze e Guattarri, tecendo uma trama que tem a intenção de fomentar um pensamento crítico com amplitude suficiente para abarcar a complexidade dos objetos analisados. / [en] The presence in children s literature of hard themes such as loneliness, abandonment and environmental destruction is investigated, as a way of underline and discuss the porosity of the readings, that allow either the adult and the child to cohabit spaces for mighting sensorial experimentation (look, listen, touching), traversing them as streams that hatch into experiences that unveil beyond contact with the book. The dissertation combines the books Por Parte de Pai, by Bartolomeu Campos de Queirós; Um dia, um Rio, by Leo Cunha and illustrated by André Neves and Rosa, by Odilon Moraes and establishes contact points between these books and theoretical texts with the intention of diluting borders, be in terms of public type (children/adults) or experiences, thus composing a children s literature that is increasingly complex and multifaceted. For this, the critical-theoretical references are constituted by authors who research on children s literature as: Teresa Colomer, Nelly Novaes Coelho, Peter Hunt, Sandra Beckett, and authors such as: Walter Benjamin, Deleuze and Guattarri, weaving a plot that has the intention to create critical thinking with enough breadth to cover the complexity of the analyzed objects.

Durant le IVe millénaire, la Mésopotamie et ses voisins ont été reliés via un vaste réseau commercial, établi par des Urukéens lors de leur expansion en Iran et dans le Nord mésopotamien. À la fin du IVe et au début du IIIe, la Mésopotamie et ses voisins ont connu une phase de crise dont les causes nous sont toujours obscures en raison de l’absence des documents écrits remontant à cette phase. A cette phase, le réseau commercial urukéen et la colonisation urukéenne en Iran et en Mésopotamie du Nord, s’étant effondrés, les sites urukéens ont été abandonnés, ainsi qu’un grand nombre de sites indigènes qui ont été abandonnés. Le contact entre le Nord et le Sud mésopotamien fut suspendu. Pourtant, d’autres sites furent fondés que ce soit en Iran ou en Mésopotamie. Bien que la culture céramique mésopotamienne ne se soit modifiée profondément à cette phase cruciale, des traditions peintres réapparaissent soudainement alors que les Mésopotamiens les avaient abandonnées depuis 9 siècles (au Post-Obeid). Trois aires à céramique peinte apparaissent en Mésopotamie : en Irak du centre, de l’Est, du Nord (horizon de Ninive 5) et l’Iran a employé massivement la peinture. Cependant, le Sumer a conservé les traditions urukéennes qui ne connaissent pas de peinture. A noter que la peinture en Iran a été employée avant et durant l’expansion urukéenne. De plus, il semble avoir existé un corridor de contact reliant le West iranien aux trois zones à peinture en Mésopotamie. Mais comment peut-on expliquer ce phénomène de la réapparition de la peinture en Mésopotamie centrale et du Nord : s’agit-il des déplacements des groupes iraniens en Mésopotamie, ou des simples influences ? On ne peut pas traiter de la question de la fin du IVe/début du IIIe millénaire sans confronter, d’une part au problème concernant le destin des Urukéens. Ces derniers ont vécu plus de 4 siècles dans la périphérie durant l’expansion. Et d’autre part on est confronté au problème de la fondation des sites urbain aux touts début du 3e millénaire (Mari, Terqa, Kharab Sayyar et Chuera).Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi des sites-clés en Iran et en Mésopotamie. Leur céramique (et d’autre matériel) est étudié tout d’abord dans leur position stratigraphique, site par site, puis selon leur répartition dans l’espace. Au même temps, cette étude strato-céramique a été combinée avec une étude portée sur les changements dans l’occupation dans l’espace (abandon et fondation) et sur les transformations culturelles, surtout en Iran du Nord-Ouest et de l’Ouest où le phénomène de l’expansion transcaucasienne s’étend jusqu’au Kermanshah et le Nord du Luristan dans le Zagros central).Basant sur des comparaisons céramiques et sur d’autres aspects archéologiques, nous avons tenté de corréler entre la stratigraphie des sites étudiés. Nous avons évité de faire d’un site ou d’une région le « centre du monde ». Nous avons plutôt regardé chaque site et région à partir de ses voisins. A la fin de chaque partie ou chapitre, nous avons relié entre les régions étudiées, du point de vue culturel, stratigraphique et occupationnel, pour tenter de tirer une conclusion historique concernant le passage entre le IVe et le IIIe millénaires.Vers 2700-2600 av. J.-C., les traditions peintes disparaissent à nouveau de la Mésopotamie, au moment où le contact a été rétabli entre les Sumériens et le Nord mésopotamien (Mari-Brak-Chuera). Concernant cette reprise de contact, nous mettons plus l’accent sur les changements observés dans la stratigraphie (sites abandonnés et/ou incendiés) pour parler d’un phénomène que nous avons appelé la « Sumérianisation ». Nous avons tenté de repérer ce phénomène par le biais de quelques inscriptions datées du Dynastique Archaïque III (vers 2600-2500 av. J.-C.). / During the 4th millennium, Mesopotamia and its neighbours were connected by a vast trade network which was established by Urukians throughout their expansion into Iran and Northern Mesopotamia. At the end of the 4th millennium and at the beginning of the 3rd, all those regions faced a phase crisis whose causes are unknown for us because of the absence of the written documents dated to this phase. At this phase, the Uruk trade network and colonization in Iran and Northern Mesopotamia were collapsed. Uruk sites have been abandoned. In addition, a large number of indigenous sites were abandoned. The contact between Northern and Southern Mesopotamian was suspended. However, other sites were founded in Iran and Mesopotamia. Although, with this crucial phase, the Mesopotamian ceramic culture did not change deeply, the painting traditions reappeared suddenly whereas the Mesopotamian had abandoned them since 9 centuries c. (in Post-Obaid).Three zones with painted ceramics appear in Mesopotamia: centre of Iraq, Eastern Iraq, North Iraq and North-Eastern Syria. Also, Iran employed massively the painting. However, the land of Sumer conserved the Uruk traditions which aren’t painted. Worthily to be noted that the painting traditions existed in Iran before and even during the Uruk expansion. Moreover, a corridor of contact seems to have existed linking Western Iran to those three zones. But, how can one explain this reappearance phenomenon of this painting in the centre and North Mesopotamia: is-it because of the displacements of the Iranian groups into Mesopotamia or is it a simple influence? Likewise, one cannot treat the question of the end of the 4th millennium without being confronted with the problem of the destiny of the Urukians colonists. Those latter lived in the periphery more than 4 centuries during the expansion. On the other hand, one is confronted with the problem of the foundation of urban-cities with the all beginning of the 3rd millennium (Mari, Terqa, Kharab Sayyar and Chuera). To answer these questions, we chose site-keys in Iran and Mesopotamia. First of all, we studied, site by site, their ceramic (and others materials) according to their stratigraphical position (strato-ceramic), and then based on their distribution in the landscape. At the same time, those strato-ceramics analyses have been combined with another study concerning changes in the occupation of landscape (abandonment and foundation), and the cultural transformations, especially for the North-Western and Western Iran where the transcaucasian expansion extends to Kermanshah and Northern Luristan in central Zagros.Based on ceramic comparisons and on other archaeological aspects, we attempted to correlate between the stratigraphy of the studied sites. We avoided making of a site or of a region the “Center of the World”. We rather looked at each site and region starting from its neighbours. At the end of each part or chapter, we linked between the studied regions, from the cultural point of view, stratigraphic and occupational, in order to try to draw a historic conclusion concerning the passage between the 4th and the 3rd millennium.Towards 2700-2600 B.C., the painting traditions disappeared once again from Mesopotamia, at the time when the contact was restored between the Sumerians and Northern Mesopotamian (Mari-Brak-Chuera). For this resumption of contact, we set the accent more on the changes observed in the stratigraphy (abandoned sites or burned) to speak about a phenomenon which we called “the Sumerianisation”. Moreover, we tried to identify this phenomenon by the means of some inscriptions dated to the Dynastic archaic III (towards 2600-2500 B. C.).

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