1 |
公共服務倫理研究 / The Ethics of Public Service張翠菱, Chang, Tsui Ling Unknown Date (has links)
自一九八○年代起,公共行政倫理即成為美國學界與聯邦政府共同關心的議題;而我國也由於近年來公部門組織許多弊案接二連三的發生,使得公務倫理、行政中立以及肅貪的問題再次被提出討論。一般民眾對政府常是一方面充滿著批評;一方面卻又充滿著期待,不滿的是行政效率的不彰,公共資源的浪費以及官僚體制下的腐敗。但卻希望政府能藉由不斷的改革與變遷,而能提供令人滿意的公共服務(Public Service)。公共服務,廣義而言有四種意義:「第一種是公務制度,指公務員的選拔任務的規制與實施,即所謂的公務人事制度;第二種是當作政府員工,包含所有替公共部門工作的人也可以概稱為公務人員;第三種是當作一種概念、一種態度、一種責任甚至是一種公共道德的感覺;第四種是相對於民間服務,由政府單位所提供的服務或事務如衛生、教育、社會福利等。而若依Public Service的英文字面看它是公共服務,在我國可能指的是各單位櫃台的便民服務,也可能擴大為由政府所提供的各種服務的環保、衛生、戶政、稅捐等」。在不同的意義中,本論文將公共服務定義為「相對於民間服務,由政府單位所提供的服務或事務;並且是一種概念、一種態度、一種責任甚至是一種公共道德觀。」因此,公共服務倫理,在於強調公部門所提供的各項服務中公共道德的面向;而以倫理的角度觀之,公共服務的提供必須滿足倫理的原則,以責任、公平與公道為期許,將人民所託付的權力應用於公共服務事業的完善上,確保所有必要性的公共服務事項皆能公平地提供。我國正從威權政體轉型到民主政體,行政官僚民主化、責任行政、及行政政治中立等相關問題成為公共行政研究上的主要方向。另一方面,公共服務的新觀念也正不斷透過變遷與改革,試圖使行政改革更具有公共道德的特性。因此,本論文研究的目的有三:一、回顧過去公共服務倫理的研究,試圖找出倫理的共識及公務倫理的建立基礎。二、倡導由組織與個人方面的努力,建立起更具倫理特性的公共服務。三、理論與實踐上的調和,嘗試將倫理化為行動力,使公共服務成為一種責任與道德的實踐。
|
2 |
Research on Ethical Behavioral Decision-Making Models: Taking Penghu County Government Officials for ExampleChuang, Ying-min 28 July 2005 (has links)
Abstract
A government free from corruption is the foundation of a country¡¦s competitiveness, and therefore the degree of incorruption is a major criterion to use when the effectiveness and efficiency of a country¡¦s governmental administration are to be judged. In fact, corruption prevention has long been a universal issue. For decades, our country has invested much in corruption prevention with certain advancements achieved, and yet the achievements still fall far behind people¡¦s expectations. The codes of ethics for government officials have been moving from hollow moral appeals towards concrete, detailed behavioral norms, and some have even become laws. However, we are still quite a distance from corruption prevention law completion and full-scale practice.
Since the promulgation of the codes of ethics for government officials by the Administrative Yuan in 1994, there have been codes for government officials to follow when it comes to lobbying, banqueting, and bribery, but disappointingly, corruption has not been suppressed by much. So far, quite a number of studies can be referred to that are focused on common individual¡¦s ethical behavioral decision-making, and a variety of factors have been identified that affect the decisions. However, hardly any integrity-related behavioral decision-making models have been established especially for government officials. In this thesis, on the basis of L. K. Trevino¡¦s Person-Situation Interactionist Model, the author aims to explore the correlations among different factors that affect government official ethical behaviors so as to thereby offer more practical corruption prevention suggestions.
This thesis analyzes personal factors, environmental factors, and the developmental stages of ethical awareness. In addition, indicators to these factors have been extracted from the literature concerned and put together into a questionnaire, which was filled out by Penghu County government officials. As a result, 424 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed, revealing the following facts:
1. Government official attributes: including individual attributes and group attributes. Sex, age, seniority, education, and rank of position are the five individual-
|
3 |
我國當前行政倫理法制化發展之研究蔡金火, Tsay, Jin-Huoo Unknown Date (has links)
中央政府自遷台以來,已有五十多年的歷史,從反共抗俄的戰時體制,到一黨獨大的威權政體,歷經解嚴、憲改、政黨輪替,逐漸發展成為民主國家,其間的變遷與發展,已經累積出相當豐富可觀的研究內容,特別是從威權政體到民主轉型的變遷發展過程,是一個極為獨特的發展經驗。
本文的研究目的,乃是以政府遷台後我國行政倫理法制發展為核心,並以解嚴前後,作為時間的分割點。主要在探究四個問題:其一,解嚴前,我國行政倫理法制發展的內涵與風格為何?其二,解嚴後,我國行政倫理法制發展的內涵與風格為何?其三,我國行政倫理法制發展所面臨的困境為何?其四,我國行政倫理法制的建構方向為何?大體而言,解嚴前我國行政倫理法制的發展,其追求的核心價值,乃是以官僚行政理論所倡導的效率、能力、專業、忠誠等價值為主;解嚴後我國行政倫理法制的發展,其追求的核心價值,則是以民主行政理論所倡導的回應、參與、代表、公開等價值為主。
本研究從方法論的層次而言,乃是採取一種質的研究觀點;在研究途徑的層次上,著重歷史結構的研究途徑;而在研究方法上,是採用多元的研究方法。在章節的安排上共分為六章。本文從第二章美國行政倫理研究發展與行政倫理的法制發展的文獻分析中,發現影響行政倫理最主要的兩大理論:官僚行政理論與民主行政理論,其因應不同時代環境的需求,而產生不同的行政理論,在不同行政理論的引導下,導致行政倫理不同的價值觀;第三章、第四章則採「事實典範」的觀點,偏重於歷史事實的實質內涵,從文獻與檔案的整理與歸納中,建構解嚴前我國行政倫理法制發展的真實面貌,及解嚴後我國行政倫理法制發展的真實面貌;第五章則分析當前我國行政倫理法制發展所面臨的困境,再以美國及其他先進國家(特別是OECD)的行政倫理的理論與實務規範為基礎,從制度面、法律面、管理面,三個不同層次的面向,提出政策建議,做為建構我國當前行政倫理法制發展的參考方向。
|
4 |
Etiskt förhållningssätt & styrningsreaktioner : Kvalitativ studie om lärare och lärarstudenters etiska förhållningssätt och styrningsreaktioner till informationspliktenAckerfors Gabatashvili, Nina, Tell, Alice January 2024 (has links)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the ethical attitudes of teachers and teacher students, based on administrative ethics and personal ethics, regarding the implementation of the duty to inform. Additionally we aim to explore what the respondents consider acceptable behavior towards the duty to inform, based on the governance reactions of loyalty, protest, obstruction, and exit. To achieve this we have designed the study using a qualitative method, where semi-structured interviews have been used to collect empirical data. Utilizing Lennart Lundquist's theory on the ethical attitudes of civil servants and governance reactions, we have employed it as a theoretical framework to analyze the respondents' answers. The interviews indicate that the respondents predominantly hold an administrative ethical approach towards the implementation of the duty to inform, although there are a few respondents with a personal ethical approach. Regarding governance reactions, the majority of respondents consider loyalty, protest, obstruction, and exit as acceptable behaviors towards the duty to inform. However, two teacher students express a differing opinion, stating that exit is not an acceptable behavior. Additionally, two teachers were unable to provide a specific answer regarding obstruction and exit as acceptable behaviors towards the duty to inform. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka lärare och lärarstudenters etiska förhållningssätt, utifrån förvaltningsetik och egenetik, gällande implementeringen av informationsplikten. Dessutom vad respondenterna uttrycker vara acceptabla ageranden mot informationsplikten, utifrån styrningsreaktionerna: lojalitet, protest, obstruktion och sorti. För att ta reda på detta har studien utgått från en kvalitativ metod. Där semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer har blivit metoden för insamlandet av empirisk data. Med hjälp av Lennart Lundquists teori om tjänstepersoners etiska förhållningssätt och styrningsreaktioner har vi kunnat använda detta som teoretiskt verktyg för att analysera respondenternas svar. Det framgår av intervjuerna att respondenterna har ett övervägande förvaltningsetiskt förhållningssätt till implementeringen av informationsplikten, dock finns det ett fåtal respondenter som har egenetiskt förhållningssätt. Gällande styrningsreaktionerna anser majoriteten av respondenter att lojalitet, protest, obstruktion och sorti är acceptabla ageranden mot informationsplikten. De som har en avvikande åsikt är två lärarstudenter som anser att sorti inte är ett accepterat agerande. Även två lärare som inte kunde ge ett konkret svar om obstruktion och sorti är acceptabla ageranden mot informationsplikten.
|
5 |
政府與企業之弊端揭發過程比較研究-從揭弊者受影響因素的角度 / The Comparative Research of Whistle-Blowing in Government and Business Organizations-The Factors Affecting Whistleblowers蔡明瀚 Unknown Date (has links)
近來各國政府對於公共服務的提供,越來越傾向公私協力的方式,以滿足人民的多元需求,但是有時因為政府的監督效率不彰甚至是政府與財團勾結,以至於企業組織的不法行為嚴重影響了公共利益。而外部的監督機制效果失靈,弊端揭發(whistle blowing)就成為了最後一道防線。但是,不論在公私部門,只要是在組織內揭露不法情事,勢必牽涉許多複雜的因素,以及可能對揭發者造成風險,再加上我國法制的不健全難以對揭弊者提供完善的保護,這些都將影響成員揭發的意願。
因此,為探討上述問題,本研究採取質性研究的方式,運用文獻回顧與深度訪談作為研究方法。本研究的研究架構是從弊端揭發者的心理進程發展依序探討,首先,以公務倫理或企業倫理、揭弊前因素以及預期揭弊後因素之三類現有因素做出初步判斷,再者,以前述判斷結果作為依據,將揭弊管道、對象以及手段納入綜合考量,最後做出揭發弊端與否的決定。本研究之研究發現認為,第一,企業倫理與公務倫理難以促使揭弊行為產生。第二、有利組織弊端揭發的情境與結構包括溝通管道暢通、扁平化的組織以及創新傾向的組織文化並且權力在其中居於主導地位。第三、現行保護機制無法保障私部門成員之工作與公務人員之安全。
另外,建議後續研究者可以選擇公私協力之個案,或是可以就組織中的「有權者」的角度來探討。最後,本研究根據研究發現提出幾點實務建議:
一、 制定公益揭發專法
二、 增加組織成員職涯規劃的多元性
三、 加重行賄者責任
四、 改善政風單位處理程序
關鍵詞:弊端揭發過程、公務倫理、企業倫理、弊端揭發者保護機制 / Nowadays, to satisfy the diverse demands from people, governments tend to work with business organizations to provide better public service. However, due to the possibilities of poor supervision from governments and collusion between both parties, public interest is often under great threat or even severely violated. Therefore, whistle-blowing will be the last defense once the external control systems fail. No matter in public or private organizations, it may put the whistleblower at risk while disclosing wrongdoings which involves many complex factors. And it could also affect people’s willingness of being a whistleblower due to the lack of protecting system in our existing legal regime.
To investigate above topic, this study is conducted with qualitative research analysis, and is to use documentary analysis and depth interview as the research methods. The conceptual framework is to investigate by the whistleblower’s psychological process in sequence. First of all, the whistleblower will make the initial judgments with three existing factors: administrative ethics or business ethics, the factors prior to whistle-blowing, and the expected factors after whistle-blowing. Therefore, based on the initial judgments mentioned above, the whistleblower will decide whether to blow the whistle or not after taking channels, objects, and means into account. The findings of this research indicate three following points: (1) Administrative ethics or business ethics lead to little possibility that brings out whistle-blowing. (2) The situations or structures which are conducive to whistle-blowing include unimpeded communication channel, horizontal organization, and innovation-tended organizational culture. And the power holds a dominant position. (3) Existing protecting system cannot ensure the right to work of people working in private sector, nor the safety of public servant.
In addition, the author suggests that succeeding investigators choose the case related to public private partnership, or probe from the perspective of the powers. At last, the practical suggestions based on the findings of this study are as following:
1. To legislate for public interest disclosure
2. To enrich the diversity of members’ career development
3. To aggravate the consequences of giving bribes
4. To improve the working procedures of the department of civil service ethics
Keywords: the Process of Whistle-blowing, Administrative Ethics, Business Ethics, Whistleblower Protecting System
|
6 |
公職人員財產申報法制之研究 / A Study on the Financial Disclosure Legal System for the Public Officials陳秀慧 Unknown Date (has links)
根據近幾年來瑞士洛桑國際管理發展學院發表之「全球競爭力」調查報告與國際透明組織公佈之「全球貪腐印象指數」的排名結果,發現國家競爭力越高者,清廉度亦相對較高,二者間存有強烈的正相關。而歷次調查結果,均顯示臺灣僅為中度廉潔的國家,因此在推動防貪的過程裡,仍存有許多改善的空間。
晚近公部門貪瀆案件、政商掛勾的弊端層出不窮;為遏止公職人員貪污腐化,政府提擬出一系列陽光法案,而公職人員財產申報法就在民國82年匆匆立法通過,成為第一道陽光法案。該法開宗明義即揭示,「爲端正政風、確立公職人員清廉作為,建立公職人員利害關係之規範,特訂定本法」,足徵防制貪瀆係該法所積極追求的目標。但迄今為止,申報不實之公職人員仍然眾多,亦未見任何觸法者因此去職或終結政治生命,可見財產申報法尚無法完全發揮遏制貪瀆弊端的力量,故有修法之迫切需要。
本研究係從文獻資料探析財產申報法的立法歷程與規範重點,並針對法務部95年版修正草案加以檢討,同時擷取美國、新加坡的財產申報制度的優點以供我國修法參考。另外,則藉由深度訪談的過程,了解我國財產申報制度在法規面與執行面的優缺點,進而提出改善建言,以期達成建構廉能政府的施政目標。
經綜合文獻分析與深度訪談的研究結果,發現整體申報制度之缺失有申報對象界定失衡、防堵脫產未克其功、公開透明猶有不足、裁處罰則難以懾人、執行審核確有困境等。依據前述研究發現,本文提出下列建議包括:建置整體陽光法案、法令體系的結合運作、其他配套措施、追查資金流向、建立弊端揭發人保護制度、鼓勵民眾監督公部門、強化公務人員倫理教育、簡化行政作業流程、研議高薪養廉政策等,以期完善整體申報法制。
|
Page generated in 0.1043 seconds