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91	Tuning The Thermal Conductivity of Lignin@Fe₃O₄ Colloidal Suspension Through External Magnetic Field. Gautam, Bishal 20 December 2022 (has links) No description available. Chemical Engineering Nanoscience Materials Science Thermal conductivity Lignin@Fe₃O₄ Colloidal Suspension External Magnetic Field Nanoparticle Additives Conventional Heat Transfer Fluid Agar water.
92	Translation of the Implicit: Tracing How Language Works Beyond Gendlin and Derrida Huisman, Jelle January 2012 (has links) This thesis discusses the explication of the implicit side of language, from the perspective of the self, the social, and the text, as situated in the wider context of thinking about language 'beyond post-modernism.' Language is first discussed as an intricacy, an intricate and changing complex of explicit signs and implicit elements and processes. It is shown that the implicit processes, such the speaking of being (Heidegger), focusing (Gendlin), and the interrelatedness of language and culture (Agar), are ruptured by processes like deconstruction (Derrida) and the semiotic breach of the symbolic (Kristeva). Explication brings a part of the implicit to the surface in the form of creativity (Deleuze) and critique, which is also discussed in the examples of play (Gadamer) and care. The transformations involved are illustrated in reflections on writing (Plato), poetry (Trakl), life as immigrant, and on translation as a philosophical practice. Language and languages--Philosophy Language Heidegger, Martin, 1889-1976 Derrida, Jacques Plato Gendlin, Eugene T., 1926- Kristeva, Julia, 1941- Gadamer, Hans Georg, 1900-2002 Deleuze, Gilles, 1925-1995 Agar, Michael Trakl, Georg, 1887-1914 Translating and interpreting
93	Investigation On Ag And ZnO Based Nanohybrids As Bactericides For The Purification Of Water And Elucidation Of Possible Mechanisms For Their Bio-activity Ghosh, Somnath 08 1900 (has links) (PDF) Chapter I: This chapter briefly gives an introduction about microorganisms, their varieties, growth, reproduction etc. In particular, about bacterial function. A sincere attempt is made to review this briefly, including an account of the studies already reported in the literature. Chapter II deals with the antimicrobial activity of Ag/agar film on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Candida albicans (C. albicans). In particular, films were repeatedly cycled for its antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of Ag/agar film was found to be in the order, C. albicans > E. coli > S. aureus. Chapter III describes the synthesis of Ag@AgI NPs in agarose matrix. A detailed antibacterial studies including repetitive cycles are carried out on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria. EPR and TEM studies are carried out on the Ag@AgI/Agarose and the bacteria, respectively, to elucidate a possible mechanism for killing of the bacteria. The hybrid could be recycled for the antibacterial activity many times and is found to be non toxic towards human cervical cancer cell (HeLa cells). Chapter IV reports the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) deposited alternatively layer by layer (LBL) on chitosan polymer in the form of a thin film over a quartz plate and stainless steel strip against E. coli. AFM studies are carried out on the microbe to know the morphological changes affected by the hybrid film. The hybrid films on aging (3 months) are found to be as bioactive as before. Cytotoxicity experiments indicated good biocompatibility. Chapter V describes the fabrication of carbon foam porous electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide-Ag nanocomposites. The device can perform sterilization by killing pathogenic microbes with the aid of just one 1.5V battery with very little power consumption. Chapter VI Here we have studied in particular a property say the influence of surface defect in the production of ROS by ZnO NPs and in turn the bactericide activity. Secondly, a homogeneous ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanohybrid has been synthesized by employing chitosan as mediator. The synergistic antibacterial effect of ZnO/Ag nanohybrid on bacteria is found to be more effective, compared to the individual components (ZnO and Ag). A possible mechanism has been proposed for the death of bacteria by ZnO/Ag nanohybrid, based on EPR studies and TEM studies. Water - Purification Zno/Ag Nanohybrids Bactericides Nanohybrids - Antibacterial Activity Drinking Water - Purification Ag/Agar Films - Antimicrobial Activity Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles Ag/Zno Nanohybrids Microorganisms Silver Nanopaticles Escherichia Coli Staphyloccus Aureus Graphene -Oxide Silver Nasnostructures Chitosan Nanotechnology
94	Βακτηριακή & ιογενής ρύπανση των οστρακοειδών Τσιμπουξή, Ανδρομάχη 01 August 2008 (has links) Στα πλαίσια αυτής της διδακτορικής εργασίας μελετήθηκαν οι εμπορικά σημαντικότερες περιοχές καλλιέργειας και συγκομιδής οστρακοειδών του Ελλαδικού χώρου. Κατά τη διάρκεια περιόδου 18 μηνών πραγματοποιήθηκε μηνιαία συλλογή δειγμάτων στρειδιών (Οstrea edulis) και μυδιών (Mytilus galloprovincialis), τα οποία συλλέχθηκαν από έξι (6) διαφορετικά σημεία του Ελλαδικού χώρου και αναλύθηκαν για τους εντεροϊούς (EV), τους αδενοϊούς (Adv), τον ιό της ηπατίτιδας Α (HAV), τους ιούς Noro I και II (NLVI και NLVII), για το βακτήριο Ε. coli, καθώς και για σωματικούς κολιφάγους, τους F-sperific RNA βακτηριοφάγους και τους βακτηριοφάγους του Β. fragilis. Επιπλέον αναπτύχθηκαν μέθοδοι τόσο για την ανίχνευση παθογόνων ιών ανθρώπινης προέλευσης στα οστρακοειδή, όσο και για την ανίχνευση των "πιθανών δεικτών" αυτών των ιών. Οι μέθοδοι εξετάστηκαν προκειμένου να αξιολογηθεί η απόδοση καλής ποιότητας από όλα τα εργαστήρια μέσω διεργαστηριακών αναλύσεων. Η μέθοδος που εφαρμόστηκε σε αυτή τη μελέτη για την ανίχνευση των ιών στα οστρακοειδή βασίζεται στην εξαγωγή και την ομογενοποίηση του πεπτικού αδένα με χρήση διαλύματος γλυκίνης, pH 10, απομόνωση των νουκλεϊνικών οξέων και ενίσχυση του γονιδιώματος των ιών που αναλύονται. Για την ανίχνευση του βακτηρίου E. coli χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος των πολλαπλών σωλήνων, ενώ για την ανίχνευση των βακτηριοφάγων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η μέθοδος καλλιέργειας διπλοστιβάδας. Για το βακτήριο E. coli, σε σύνολο 138 δειγμάτων, 110 δείγματα (ποσοστό 79,7%) βρέθηκαν να ανήκουν στην κατηγορία Α (MPN/100g σάρκας = <20 έως 220), δηλαδή χαρακτηρίζονται σαν δείγματα χαμηλής μόλυνσης, 25 δείγματα (ποσοστό 18,1%) βρέθηκαν να ανήκουν στην κατηγορία Β (MPN/100g σάρκας = 220 έως 3500), οπότε χαρακτηρίζονται σαν δείγματα μεσαίας μόλυνσης, ακατάλληλα προς κατανάλωση χωρίς να προηγηθεί διαδικασία εξυγίανσης, ενώ μόνο 3 δείγματα (ποσοστό 2,2%) βρέθηκαν να ανήκουν στη κατηγορία C (MPN/100g σάρκας =3500 έως >18000), δηλαδή είναι δείγματα υψηλής μόλυνσης. Οι ιοί που εμφανίζονται με μεγαλύτερη συχνότητα στα οστρακοειδή της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου είναι οι αδενοϊοί (34% των δειγμάτων βρέθηκαν θετικά για τους αδενοϊούς) και ακολουθούν οι εντεροϊοί (16,7% των δειγμάτων βρέθηκαν θετικά για τους εντεροϊούς). Αντίθετα, ο ιός της ηπατίτιδας Α (ποσοστό θετικών δειγμάτων = 4,34%), καθώς και οι ιοί Noro I (ποσοστό θετικών δειγμάτων = 2,1%) και Noro II (ποσοστό θετικών δειγμάτων = 1,47%%) εμφανίζονται σε μικρό ποσοστό δειγμάτων. Τέλος, 80 δείγματα (58%) βρέθηκαν θετικά (παρουσία πλακών βακτηριοφάγων) για τους σωματικούς κολιφάγους, με τον αριθμό των πλακών να κυμαίνεται από 71,4 έως 584800 pfp/100g, 52 δείγματα (37,7%) βρέθηκαν θετικά για τους F-specific RNA βακτηριοφάγους (αριθμός των πλακών από 76,2 έως 17051 p100g) και 33 δείγματα (24%) βρέθηκαν θετικά για τους βακτηριοφάγους του Bacteroides fragilis (αριθμός των πλακών από 194.5 έως 5266,25 pfp/100g). Τόσο για το βακτήριο E. coli όσο και για τους βακτηριοφάγους πραγματοποιήθηκαν διεργαστηριακές αναλύσεις προτύπων, οι οποίες οδήγησαν στο συμπέρασμα ότι οι αντίστοιχες μέθοδοι χαρακτηρίζονται ως αξιόπιστες. Η στατιστική ανάλυση έδειξε ότι το βακτήριο E. coli παρουσιάζει θετική συσχέτιση με τους σωματικούς κολιφάγους, αλλά δεν δείχνει στατιστικά σημαντική συσχέτιση ούτε με τους F-specific RNA βακτηριοφάγους, ούτε με κανέναν από τους ιούς εντερικής προέλευσης. Επίσης, θετική συσχέτιση παρουσίασαν οι αδενοϊοί με τους εντεροϊούς, καθώς και οι σωματικοί κολιφάγοι με τους βακτηριοφάγους του B. fragilis. Η μοναδική συσχέτιση μεταξύ ιών εντερικής προέλευσης και βακτηριοφάγων βρέθηκε για τους αδενοϊούς και τους βακτηριοφάγους του B. fragilis. Εάν αυτό επιβεβαιωθεί σε περαιτέρω μελέτες, τότε η συγκεκριμένη κατηγορία βακτηριοφάγων θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει έναν καλό δείκτη πρόβλεψης της παρουσίας αδενοϊών σε δείγματα οστρακοειδών. Επιπλέον μελετήθηκε η σχέση που μπορεί να υπάρχει μεταξύ των φυσικοχημικών παραμέτρων και των μικροοργανισμών που εξετάστηκαν. Η επεξεργασία αυτή οδήγησε στο συμπέρασμα ότι το βακτήριο E. coli ανιχνεύεται σε μεγαλύτερα ποσά όταν το διαλυμένο οξυγόνο και η περιεκτικότητα σε άλας του ύδατος είναι αυξημένα. Αντίθετα, αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας οδηγεί σε μείωση της ανίχνευσης του βακτηρίου. Επίσης, η περιεκτικότητα σε άλας φαίνεται να επηρεάζει θετικά και τον ιό της ηπατίτιδας Α, αν και ο μικρός αριθμός θετικών δειγμάτων γι’αυτόν τον ιό δεν μπορεί να επιτρέψει την εξαγωγή ασφαλών συμπερασμάτων. Το pH και το διαλυμένο οξυγόνο των υδάτων οδηγεί σε αύξηση της ανίχνευσης των βακτηριοφάγων του B. fragilis, χωρίς όμως να μπορούμε να ισχυριστούμε ότι κάτι τέτοιο ισχύει, λόγω του μικρού αριθμού θετικών δειγμάτων γι’αυτούς τους βακτηριοφάγους. Τέλος, η αύξηση της θερμοκρασίας των υδάτων φαίνεται να οδηγεί και σε αύξηση της παρουσίας των F-specific RNA βακτηριοφάγων, και το ίδιο παρατηρήθηκε και με την αύξηση του διαλυμένου οξυγόνου στο νερό. Η παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί την πρώτη διεξοδική έρευνα για την ιογενή κοπρανώδη μόλυνση τον οστρακοειδών στην Ελλάδα. Επιπλέον, αντιπροσωπεύει την πρώτη μελέτη σχετικά με τη αποτελεσματικότητα των οργανισμών - δεικτών ιϊκής μόλυνσης, καθώς και για τη συσχέτιση της μικροβιολογικής επιβάρυνσης των οστρακοειδών με τις φυσικοχημικές παραμέτρους του περιβάλλοντος ύδατος. Η μελέτη κατάλληλων δεικτών που σχετίζονται με την παρουσία εντερικών ιών στα οστρακοειδή οδήγησε σε χρήσιμα συμπεράσματα για τη χρήση της ανίχνευσης των βακτηριοφάγων ως δεικτών ιϊκής μόλυνσης. Εντούτοις, απαιτείται περαιτέρω μελέτη προκειμένου να προσδιοριστεί και η χρήση των βακτηριοφάγων ως δεικτών που θα μαρτυρούν την προέλευση (ανθρώπινη ή ζωική) των εντερικών ιών που ανιχνεύονται στα οστρακοειδή. / In this doctorate investigation, important shellfish growing areas of Greece have been defined and studied. Oysters (Ostrea edulis) and mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were obtained on a monthly basis over an 18 month sampling period. These samples were collected by six (6) different points of Greece and were analyzed for enteroviruses (EV), adenoviruses (Adv), virus of hepatitis A (HAV), Noro viruses I and II (NLVI and NLVII ), bacterium E. coli, as well as for somatic coliphages, F-sperific RNA bacteriophages and bacteriophages of B. fragilis. Moreover, methods were developed for the detection of pathogenic viruses of human origin in the shellfish, as well as for the detection of potential "viral indicators". The methods were examined in order to validate the good quality performance from all the laboratories via interlaboratory analyses. The method that used in this study for the detection of human enteric viruses in the shellfish is based on the export and homogenisation of digestive gland with glycine buffer at pH 10, viral nucleic acid extraction and amplification of the genomes of the analysed human viruses. The procedure applied for detection of E. coli consists on a five tube, three dilution most probable number (MPN) method, while the method for the detection of bacteriophages was the double-agar-layer method. For E. coli analysis, in a total number of 138 samples, 110 samples (79,7%) were found to belong in category A (MPN / 100 g of flesh = < 20 until 220), that it means these samples are characterized as samples of low pollution, 25 samples (18,1%) were found to belong in category B (MPN / 100 g of flesh = 220 until 3500), therefore are characterized as samples of intermediate pollution, inadequate to consumption without precedes process of cleansing, while only 3 samples (2,2%) were found to belong in category C (MPN / 100 g of flesh = 3500 until > 18000), that it means they are samples of high pollution. The viruses that are presented with higher frequency in the shellfish of Eastern Mediterranean are the adenoviruses (34% of samples were found positive for adenoviruses) and follow enteroviruses (16,7% samples they were found positive for enteroviruses). On the contrary, virus of hepatitis A (percentage of positive samples = 4,34%), as well as the Noro I viruses (percentage of positive samples = 2,1%) and Noro II viruses (percentage of positive samples = 1,47%%) are presented in small number of samples. Finally, 80 samples (58%) were found positive (presence of plaques of bacteriophages) for somatic coliphages, with the number of plaques between 71,4 and 584800 pfp / 100 g, 52 samples (37,7%) were found positive for F - specific RNA bacteriophages (number of plaques from 76,2 to 17051 pfp/ 100 g) and 33 samples (24 %) were found positive for the bacteriophages of B. fragilis (number of plaques from 194,5 to 5266,25 pfp / 100 g). Interlaboratory studies involved the testing of reference materials of E. coli and bacteriophages were used as part of the good quality performance assessment program to be applied all over the study, and led to the conclusion that the corresponding methods are characterized by good reliability. According to the statistical analysis of the results, the presence of E. coli seems to be significantly related with the presence of somatic coliphages. However, E. coli do not present significant statistical relation neither with F - specific RNA bacteriophages, nor with all of the viruses of intestinal origin. Also, adenoviruses were significantly related with enteroviruses, as well as somatic coliphages with the bacteriophages of B. fragilis. The unique significant relation between viruses of intestinal origin and bacteriophages was found for the adenoviruses and bacteriophages of B. fragilis. If this is confirmed in further studies, then this category of bacteriophages could constitute a good indicator of forecast of presence adenoviruses in samples of shellfish. Moreover, we studied the relation that can exist between the physic-chemical parameters and the micro-organisms that were examined. This analysis led to the conclusion that E. coli is detected in higher levels when the dissolved oxygen and the salinity of water are increased. On the contrary, increase of temperature leads to reduction of detection of E. coli. Also, the salinity appears to influence positively also virus of hepatitis A, even if the small number of positive samples of this virus cannot allow the export of sure conclusions. The pH and the dissolved oxygen of waters lead to increase of detection of bacteriophages of B. fragilis, but the small number of positive samples for these bacteriophages can’t give safe conclusions. Finally, the increase of temperature of waters appears to lead also to increase of presence of F - specific RNA of bacteriophages, and the same was also observed with the increase of dissolved oxygen in water. This study constitutes the first extensive research for the fecal viral pollution of shellfish in Greece. Moreover, it represents the first study with regard to the effectiveness viral indicators, as well as for the correlation of microbiological parameters of shellfish with the physical-chemical parameters of water. The study of suitable indicators that are related with the presence of enteric viruses in the shellfish led to useful conclusions on the use of detection of bacteriophages as indicators of viral pollution. Nevertheless, further study is required in order to determine also the use of bacteriophages as indicators that will testify the origin (human or animal) of the enteric viruses that are detected in the shellfish. Βακτηριοφάγοι 577.27 Bivalve shellfish: mussels & oysters Most probable number (MPN) Bacteriophages Double-agar-layer method Physic-chemical parameters
95	Možnosti kultivace orchideje Macodes petola technikami in vitro / In vitro cultivation possibilities of orchid Macodes petola SVOBODOVÁ, Simona January 2007 (has links) The orchid family covers 90 percent of the rarest plants under protection all over the world. The ecological and economic value of orchids has aroused public awareness. Since vegatitve propagation methods are available, development of in vitro methods are essential for conservation and commercialization of plants. Purposes work was elaboration progress of vegetative multiplication for tropical orchid Macodes petola in conditions in vitro. At research were proof 4 methods, which distinguish in using desinfection, in operating time and in using different nutritive mediums.
96	DESENVOLVIMENTO E VALIDAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIAS ANALÍTICAS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DO ITRACONAZOL MATÉRIA-PRIMA E CÁPSULAS / DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ANALITICAL METHODS FOR DETERMINING ITRACONAZOLE RAW MATERIALS AND CAPSULES Santos, Marcos Roberto dos 13 May 2008 (has links) Itraconazole is a triazole antifungical agent with a broad spectrum of activity belonging to the class of azole, indicated in the treatment of different types of mycotic infections systemic and local. Its mechanism of action is based on the ability to inhibition of synthesis of ergosterol which is a component of vital importance to the cell membrane of the fungi. This drug has only official methodology for raw material, described in British and European Pharmacopeia. In this paper, following the main guidelines for validation, were developed and validated quantitative analytical methods that can be applied both for the raw materials as the finished product containing itraconazole capsules through a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection in the ultraviolet (254 nm, C8 reversed-phase column, mobile phase acetonitrile : water (65:35), the temperature of 25 °C) and microbiological assay by agar diffusion, with planning 3x3, employing Candida Albicans ATCC 10231 as microorganism testing in the culture medium antibiotic N° 19 in the region of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry (256 nm, with final solutions in 0.1 mol l-1 hydrochloric acid). All methods showed appropriate linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness and specificity. / O itraconazol é um antifúngico triazólico de amplo espectro de ação pertencente à classe dos azóis, indicado no tratamento de diferentes tipos de infecções micóticas sistêmicas e superficiais. Seu mecanismo de ação baseia-se na capacidade de inibição da síntese do ergosterol que é um componente de vital importância para a membrana das células dos fungos. Este fármaco possui metodologia descrita, somente, para matéria-prima, que se encontram oficializadas nas Farmacopéias Britânica e Européia. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos e validados, em conformidade com guias nacionais e internacionais, métodos analíticos quantitativos que podem ser empregados tanto para matéria-prima quanto para forma farmacêutica de cápsulas contendo itraconazol. Utilizaram-se as metodologias: cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detecção na região do ultravioleta (UV) em 254 nm, coluna de fase reversa C8, fase móvel acetonitrila : água (65:35), na temperatura de 25 °C; Ensaio microbiológico por difusão em ágar com planejamento 3x3, empregando Cândida Albicans ATCC 10231 como microrganismo teste em meio de cultura antibiótico n°19 e Espectrofotometria na região do ultravioleta, no comprimento de onda de 256 nm , com soluções finais em ácido clorídrico 0,1 mol.l-1 . Todos os métodos apresentaram linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez e especificidade adequados. Validação Itraconazol Espectrofotometria na região do UV Validation Itraconazole Spectrophotometry in the UV Microbiological assay agar diffusion CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::FARMACOLOGIA
97	Zpracování obrazu Petriho misek / Processing of Images of Petri Dishes Adámek, Jakub January 2015 (has links) This master thesis deals with image processing of Petri dishes. The first part is about terms and procedures in laboratory practice. The following part is about devices and algorithms for image analysis of Petri dishes. The second part is about draft and implementation of own colony counting application, which was developed in cooperation with the microbiological laboratory. The application is developed for mobile devices running Android OS. The master thesis also includes the design and creation of two lighting units, which uses as an accessory for better results in the analysis of Petri dishes. In conclusion are presented results, compared lighting units and various types of mobile devices, on which the application was tested.
98	Структурные признаки корневых систем и поглощающих корней у представителей семейства гвоздичных, различающихся по приуроченности к разным типам субстрата : магистерская диссертация / Structural features of root systems and absorbing roots in representatives of the some Caryophyllaceae, differing in confinement to different types of substrate Сергиенко, А. О., Sergienko, A. O. January 2019 (has links) The purpose of the master's thesis is to study the morphological adaptation of the root systems of petrophytic family Caryophyllaceae to extreme conditions. The work consisted of two blocks: Laboratory experiment to study the growth of Ni-excluder Silene baschkirorum roots on agar plates with the introduction of Ni, Ca, Mg in different combinations in comparison with the Ni-hyperaccumulator Alyssum obovatum. The structural features of the leaves and the underground sphere of the 6 types of Caryophyllaceae from natural habitats with moisture deficiency. The objects of the study were four perennial main-rooted species: Dianthus versicolor, Gypsophila altissima, Silene baschkirorum, Dianthus acicularis, and two annual species – Spergula arvensis and Arenaria serpyllifolia. The influence of Ni, Ca, Mg in different combinations on the growth of roots of seedlings Alyssum obovatum and Silene baschkirorum was studied in a laboratory experiment on agar plates under standard conditions at a constant temperature and a 16-hour photoperiod in accordance with the Protocol with modifications [Xu et al., 2013]. Morphological parameters of the leaf and underground sphere of Caryophyllaceae were measured by standard morpho-anatomical methods during adaptation to moisture deficiency [Иванова, 2014; Таршис, 2007]. The results of laboratory studies have shown that in all variants of the experiment the root system of Alyssum obovatum was in 1,5–5 times better developed than Silene baschkirorum. The introduction of metals stimulated the growth of the root system in A. obovatum and didn’t affect the growth of S. baschkirorum roots. Analysis of the leaf structure in 6 species of Caryophyllaceae growing in conditions of lack of moisture revealed that xeromesophytes Arenaria serpyllifolia, Dianthus versicolor, Gypsophila altissima have low leaf density both per area and per leaf volume in comparison with mesoxerophytic species Silene baschkirorum, Dianthus acicularis, Spergula arvensis. Analysis of the root system and absorbing roots revealed no differences between studied xeromesophytic and mesoxerophytic Caryophyllaceae species. It’s established that the adaptation of the underground sphere of the studied Caryophyllaceae to the moisture deficit is realized by species-specific ways of restructuring of the root system and absorbing roots. The work consists of 3 chapters, 34 pages, includes 67 sources, 1 table and 7 pictures. The materials of the master's thesis were presented at the all-Russian conference of young scientists «Ecology: facts, hypotheses, models», dedicated to the memory of N. V. Glotov on April 10–13, 2018. In July 2019, it is planned to present the materials of this work in the form of a graphic stand at the international conference IAVS 62nd ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM «Vegetation Science and Biodiversity Research» at the University of Bremen, Germany. / Цель выпускной квалификационной работы магистра заключается в изучении морфологической адаптации корневых систем петрофитных гвоздичных к экстремальным условиям. Работа состояла из двух блоков: Лабораторный эксперимент по изучению роста корней исключителя Ni Silene baschkirorum Janisch. на агаровых пластинах с внесением Ni, Ca, Mg в разных комбинациях в сравнении с гипераккумулятором Ni Alyssum obovatum (C. A. Meyer) Turcz. Описание структурных характеристик листьев и подземной сферы у 6 видов сем. Caryophyllaceae из естественных местообитаний с дефицитом влаги. Объектами исследования послужили четыре многолетних стержнекорневых вида: Dianthus versicolor Fisch. ex Link, Gypsophila altissima L., Silene baschkirorum, Dianthus acicularis Fisch. ex Ledeb., и два однолетних вида – Spergula arvensis L. и Arenaria serpyllifolia L. Влияние Ni, Ca, Mg в разных комбинациях на рост корней проростков Alyssum obovatum и Silene baschkirorum изучали в лабораторном эксперименте на агаровых пластинах в стандартных условиях при постоянной температуре и 16-часовом фотопериоде в соответствии с протоколом с модификациями [Xu et al., 2013]. Морфологические параметры листа и подземной сферы гвоздичных при адаптации к дефициту влаги измеряли с помощью стандартных морфо-анатомических методов [Иванова, 2014; Таршис, 2007]. Результаты лабораторных исследований показали, что во всех вариантах опыта корневая система у Аlyssum obovatum была лучше развита, чем у Silene baschkirorum в 1,55 раз. Внесение металлов стимулировало рост корневой системы у А. obovatum и не влияло на рост корней S. baschkirorum. Анализ структуры листа у 6 видов гвоздичных, произрастающих в условиях недостатка влаги выявил, что ксеромезофиты Arenaria serpyllifolia, Dianthus versicolor, Gypsophila altissima отличаются низкой плотностью листьев как в расчете на площадь, так и на объем листа в сравнении с мезоксерофитными видами Silene baschkirorum, Dianthus acicularis, Spergula arvensis.Анализ корневой системы и поглощающих корней не выявил различий между ксеромезофитными и мезоксерофитными видами изученных гвоздичных (сем. Caryophyllaceae). Установлено, что адаптация подземной сферы изученных гвоздичных к дефициту влаги реализуется видоспецифичными путями перестройки корневой системы и поглощающих корней. Работа состоит из 3 разделов, 34 страниц, включает в себя 67 источников, 1 таблицу и 7 рисунков. Материалы магистерской диссертации были представлены на Всероссийской конференции молодых ученых «Экология: факты, гипотезы, модели», посвященной памяти Н. В. Глотова 1013 апреля 2018 г. В июле 2019 года планируется представить материалы данной работы в форме стенда на международной конференции IAVS 62nd ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM «Vegetation Science and Biodiversity Research» в Бременском университете, Бремен, Германия. MASTER'S THESIS THIN ROOTS SPECIFIC ROOT LENGTH ROOT GROWTH RATE CARYOPHYLLÁCEAE EXTREME SUBSTRATE AGAR PLATES NI CA MG ТОНКИЕ КОРНИ УДЕЛЬНАЯ ДЛИНА КОРНЕЙ СКОРОСТЬ РОСТА КОРНЕЙ СЕМЕЙСТВО ГВОЗДИЧНЫЕ АГАРОВЫЕ ПЛАСТИНЫ NI CA MG
99	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology
100	Development of Sensitive In Vitro Assays to Assess the Ocular Toxicity Potential of Chemicals and Ophthalmic Products McCanna, David January 2009 (has links) The utilization of in vitro tests with a tiered testing strategy for detection of mild ocular irritants can reduce the use of animals for testing, provide mechanistic data on toxic effects, and reduce the uncertainty associated with dose selection for clinical trials. The first section of this thesis describes how in vitro methods can be used to improve the prediction of the toxicity of chemicals and ophthalmic products. The proper utilization of in vitro methods can accurately predict toxic threshold levels and reduce animal use in product development. Sections two, three and four describe the development of new sensitive in vitro methods for predicting ocular toxicity. Maintaining the barrier function of the cornea is critical for the prevention of the penetration of infections microorganisms and irritating chemicals into the eye. Chapter 2 describes the development of a method for assessing the effects of chemicals on tight junctions using a human corneal epithelial and canine kidney epithelial cell line. In Chapter 3 a method that uses a primary organ culture for assessing single instillation and multiple instillation toxic effects is described. The ScanTox system was shown to be an ideal system to monitor the toxic effects over time as multiple readings can be taken of treated bovine lenses using the nondestructive method of assessing for the lens optical quality. Confirmations of toxic effects were made with the utilization of the viability dye alamarBlue. Chapter 4 describes the development of sensitive in vitro assays for detecting ocular toxicity by measuring the effects of chemicals on the mitochondrial integrity of bovine cornea, bovine lens epithelium and corneal epithelial cells, using fluorescent dyes. The goal of this research was to develop an in vitro test battery that can be used to accurately predict the ocular toxicity of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. By comparing the toxicity seen in vivo animals and humans with the toxicity response in these new in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that these in vitro methods can be utilized in a tiered testing strategy in the development of new chemicals and ophthalmic formulations. in vitro Alternative Methods alamarBlue rhodamine tight junctions bovine lens viability toxicity mitochondria mitochondria integrity benzalkonium chloride sodium dodecyl sulphate sodium lauryl sulfate scanning electron microscopy Draize Draize maximal average scores zonula occludens cosmetic directive PETA humane society animal league ICCVAM ECVAM JaCVAM BCOP bovine cornea ocular irritants ocular irritation ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cells vitro confocal confocal microscopy metabolic activity optical quality reactive oxygen species contact lens contact lens care solutions barrier function microbial keratitis mulitipurpose solutions tight junction cell damage claudin ZO-1 occludin MDCK Madin Madin-Darby canine kidney cells cornea human cornea human corneal epithelium epithelial cell line human corneal epithelial cell line sodium fluorescein sodium fluorescein permeability fluorescein permeability ocular surface cell monolayer Araki-Sasaki cell physiology risk assessment safety assessment ScanTox scanning laser lens epithelium corneal cells in vitro model ophthalmic formulations multiple instillation back vertex animal testing rabbit testing alternatives to animal testing cultured bovine lens toxicity of chemicals irritation irritants laser scanner organ culture delayed toxicity toxins hydrogen peroxide cornea toxicity cornea toxicity models prediction of human toxicity no observable adverse effect level lowest observable adverse effect level NOAEL LOAEL toxicity thresholds safety factors cornea uncertainty factors preservatives disinfectants ophthalmic products preclinical preclinical testing epithelial barrier drug penetration clinical confocal microscopy animal rights rabbit cornea human cornea human clinical effects toxic animal rights activist sensitive measures toxic effect toxicity threshold agar overlay agar diffusion agar overlay method agar diffusion method cytochrome cytochrome c apoptosis necrotic apoptotic necrosis caspase rhodamine 123 resazuran resorufin cell death cell viability metabolic dye microsomal microsomal enzymes cytotoxicity cytotoxic cytotoxic effect MTT XTT WST-1 plasma membrane mitochondrial mitochondrial morphology ocular toxicity potential ocular toxicity human corneal epithelial cell line confocal analysis corneal epithelium cell fluorescence alamarBlue assay rhodamine dye animal welfare toxic injury degraded mitochondria epithelial monolayer disinfectants membrane integrity eye toxicity eye viability dye toxicity in humans human toxicity effects on the mitochondria mitochondrial toxicity in vitro battery in vitro test battery ophthalmic eye drop direct contact product safety cytotoxicity potential molecular molecular biology refine reduce replace sensitivity and relevance sensitivity relevance rabbit ocular irritation test product development cytotoxicity models cytotoxicity alternative methods replacements for animal testing three r's beagle tiered testing tiered testing strategy replacements animal testing mechanistic toxicity cornea mitochondria dose response threshold Vision Science and Biology

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