La Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA) est une maladie neurodégénérative caractérisée par une perte sélective des motoneurones et impliquant les effets neurotoxiques des astrocytes. Le but de ce travail est d’explorer les altérations du métabolisme dans les astrocytes induites par des conditions associées à la SLA. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en place une méthodologie d’analyse spectrométrique (résonance magnétique nucléaire et spectrométries de masse) du métabolome cellulaire. Ensuite, nous avons invalidé les cellules NSC-34 comme modèle in vitro d’étude de l’excitotoxicité induite par le glutamate. Nous avons enfin étudié les altérations métaboliques dans les astrocytes primaires dans des conditions de la SLA et décrit plusieurs dysfonctionnements métaboliques dans ces cellules induits par l’expression de la mutation SOD1G93A, par la présence des motoneurones sauvages et par l’exposition au glutamate. Ce travail met en évidence les relations métaboliques entre la SLA et le métabolisme énergétique cérébral. Nos résultats contribuent à la compréhension des altérations métaboliques des astrocytes dans la SLA et pourraient aider à appréhender de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques associées aux altérations métaboliques dans la SLA, afin de protéger les motoneurones des perturbations induites par le glutamate. / The selective degeneration of motoneuron that characterizes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), implicates non-cell-autonomous effects of astrocytes. The aim of this work is to explore the metabolic status of astrocytes exposed to ALS-associated conditions, using metabolomics approach. We first, developed a methodology for the analysis of cellular metabolome using different analytical technologies, and then we evaluated the relevance of differentiated NSC-34 as an in vitro model for glutamate excitotoxicity studies. Finally, we evaluated metabolic alterations in astrocytes in ALS-associated conditions and we described several metabolic dysfunctions in these cells induced by the expression of a SOD1G93A mutation, the presence of wildtype motoneurons and glutamate exposition. These studies highlight major impacts of ALS on the brain energetic metabolism. This work provides novel insight for understanding the metabolic dysfunction of astrocytes in ALS conditions and opens perspective of therapeutics targets though focus on these metabolic ways, in order to protect motoneurons from glutamate injury.

La Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique (SLA) est une affection neurodégénérative affectant sélectivement les motoneurones et conduisant au décès en 2 à 4 ans. Des facteurs génétiques, ainsi que diverses hypothèses physiopathologiques, telles que l’excitotoxicité et le stress oxydant, ont été évoqués pour expliquer la dégénérescence des motoneurones, mais aucune étiologie n’explique aujourd’hui la survenue de cette pathologie. Afin d’améliorer les connaissances des voies métaboliques impliquées dans la physiopathologie de la SLA, nous avons développé un modèle in vitro de co-Culture de motoneurones et d’astrocytes sur-Exprimant la Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD1) humaine sauvage ou mutée (SOD1G93C) et exposée au stress oxydant. Nous avons étudié les modifications de métabolisme après traitement oxydant par une approche métabolomique utilisant la chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse et une analyse statistique multivariée des résultats. Ainsi nous avons observé une modification de métabolites impliqués notamment dans le cycle de Krebs, la neurotransmission excitatrice et la synthèse du glutathion, dans un modèle in vitro de SLA exposé au stress oxydant. / Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting selectively motor neurons and leading to death in 2 to 4 years. Genetic factors and various pathophysiological hypotheses, such as excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, have been suggested to explain the degeneration of motor neurons, but today no etiology explains the occurrence of this disease. In order to improve the knowledge of the metabolic pathways involved in the pathogenesis of ALS, we developed an in vitro model of co-Culture of motor neurons and astrocytes over-Expressing human superoxide dismutase (SOD1), wild-Type or mutated (SOD1G93C), and exposed to oxidative stress. We studied the changes in metabolism after oxidative treatment with a metabolomics approach using gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. Thus we observed a change in metabolites involved in the citric acid cycle, the excitatory neurotransmission and the glutathione synthesis, in an in vitro model of ALS exposed to oxidative stress.

Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues / Banca: Robinson Antonio Pitelli / Banca: Robinson Osipe / Banca: Cleber Daniel de Goes Maciel / Resumo: O estudo da seletividade e dos efeitos secundários dos herbicidas nas culturas agrícolas é de extrema importância para o sucesso da agricultura. No presente trabalho, três experimentos foram realizados. O primeiro, conduzido em casa-de-vegetação localizada na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu (SP), teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de formulações comerciais de glyphosate em parâmetros nutricionais e acúmulo de matéria seca de duas cultivares de soja RR resistentes ao glyphosate. Os tratamentos avaliados resultaram do arranjo fatorial entre formulações de glyphosate (Roundup Original®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup Transorb®, Roundup WG®, Roundup Ultra® e Zapp Qi®), mais uma testemunha e cultivares de soja RR (CD 225 RR e V Max RR), conduzidos em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com seis repetições. As aplicações dos herbicidas ocorreram quando as plantas de soja apresentavam-se no estádio V3 (25 dias após a emergência), na dosagem de 960 g e.a. ha-1. Transcorridos 15 dias após o tratamento, a parte aérea das plantas de soja foi colhida e seca em estufa. Depois de secas, obtiveram-se os dados de massa da matéria seca de hastes, folhas e parte aérea (hastes + folhas), sendo em seguida o material triturado e enviado para laboratório para análise dos teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e B). Após isso, de posse dos resultados das análises laboratoriais, calculou-se o acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea de cada planta presente nos vasos. De forma geral, o acúmulo de macronutrientes, micronutrientes e matéria seca na parte aérea das plantas de soja sempre foi maior na cultivar V Max RR em relação à CD 225 RR. As formulações Roundup Ready® e Roundup Ultra®, não apresentaram problemas no que diz respeito ao acúmulo de nutrientes e matéria seca na parte aérea... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The study of selectivity and secondary effects of herbicides on crops is extremely important to the success of agriculture. In this study, three experiments were conducted. The first one, carried out in a greenhouse located at the College of Agronomic Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu (SP), aimed to evaluate the effect of commercial formulations of glyphosate on nutritional status and dry matter accumulations in two glyphosate-resistant soybeans cultivars (GR). The treatments were arranged in a factorial arrangement involving six commercial formulations of glyphosate Roundup Original®, Roundup Ready®, Roundup Transorb®, Roundup WG®, Roundup Ultra® and Zapp Qi® plus a control treatment, and two soybean cultivars (CD 225 RR and V Max RR), arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated six times. The herbicide applications occurred when the soybean plants were at V3 growth stage (25 days after emergence) using a dose of 960 g a.e. ha-1. After 15 days after application, the shoot of soybeans was harvested and dried in an oven. Once dried, we obtained data of dry matter of stems, leaves and shoots (stems + leaves), and then the plants were crushed and sent to the laboratory for analysis of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and B). After that, ownership of the results of nutritional analysis, we calculated the accumulation of nutrients in the shoots in each plant of the pots. In general, the accumulation of macronutrients, micronutrients and dry matter in the shoot of soybean plants was always greater in V Max RR cultivar than CD 225 RR cultivar. The formulations Roundup Ready®, Roundup Ultra® and Zapp QI® showed no problems in regard to the accumulation of nutrients in shoots of cultivars. Furthermore, the Roundup Original®, Roundup Transorb® and Roundup WG® formulations caused the greatest damage to the nutrition provided the cultivars... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-02-21T21:24:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineDeSousaMarques_TESE.pdf: 5792072 bytes, checksum: 2628df662db724e0c0d729e9a2af99c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-02-22T21:38:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineDeSousaMarques_TESE.pdf: 5792072 bytes, checksum: 2628df662db724e0c0d729e9a2af99c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T21:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineDeSousaMarques_TESE.pdf: 5792072 bytes, checksum: 2628df662db724e0c0d729e9a2af99c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese de doutorado ? um aporte te?rico-pr?tica para o desenvolvimento de estudos que utilizem a bioanal?tica, particulamente materiais biol?gicos provenientes de bact?rias, podendo estes ser isolados, DNA, entre outros, em conjunto com ferramentas quimiom?ticas de an?lise. Para isso, buscou-se identificar diferen?as bacterianas quando submetidas a uma fonte de estresse a partir de diferentes t?cnicas anal?ticas. A primeira abordagem foi realizada partindo da bioespectroscopia, utilizando-se de dados espectrosc?picos obtidos na regi?o do infravermelho. A bioespectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho ? descrita como uma t?cnica n?o invasiva, de alto rendimento, baixo custo (quando comparado com t?cnica padr?es de an?lise) e objetivas, e que possui um enorme potencial na an?lise de bact?rias, complementando ou mesmo substituindo m?todos de diagn?stico de doen?as convencionalmente conduzidos por especialistas atrav?s de m?todos padr?es de an?lises de alto custo e que necessitam de reagentes espec?ficos. Os dados obtidos a partir da bioespectroscopia em amostras bacterianas s?o complexos e apresentam muitas bandas de sobreposi??o sendo necess?ria a aplica??o de ferramentas matem?ticas para superar estas dificuldades. Para isso, algumas ferramentas matem?ticas, como os m?todos de sele??o de vari?veis, que utilizam a an?lise discriminante linear com Algoritmo de Proje??o Sucessiva (SPA-LDA) e Algoritmo Gen?tico (GA-LDA), geralmente s?o utilizadas com a finalidade de facilitando a extra??o de informa??es relevantes. A espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho, em espec?fico infravermelho pr?ximo (NIR) e infravermelho com trasformata de Fourier e reflect?ncia total atenuada (ATR-FTIR), em conjunto com m?todos de sele??o de vari?veis (SPA-LDA e GA-LDA) foram utilizadas na discrimina??o de amostras de bact?rias (Sthaphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoneae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Foram identificados prov?veis biomarcadores como lip?deos e prote?nas em ~1550 cm-1 e 1400 cm-1 e vibra??es de DNA em ~1080 cm-1. Valores de sensibilidade de 75% e 95% para modelos de SPA-LDA e 100% e 93% para modelos GA-LDA foram encontrados. Com base nesses resultados, pode-se concluir que o SPA-LDA e GA-LDA em conjunto com a espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho mostraram-se ferramentas eficientes melhorando o tempo e custo de diagn?stico possibilitando o tratamento mais r?pido em rela??o aos m?todos padr?es de diagn?stico e, consequentemente, sendo poss?vel evitar a evolu??o de uma poss?vel infec??o. A segunda abordagem foi avaliar poss?veis mudan?as no perfil lipid?mico de bact?rias resultante de sua exposi??o a uma fonte de estresse externa (Ars?nio (III)), utilizando as cianobact?rias Anabaena sp. e Planktothrix agardhii. Os dados foram obtidos a partir a Cromatografia L?quida- Espectrometria de Massas (LC-MS) que por gerar uma matriz de dados muito extensa foi necess?ria a utiliza??o de uma estrat?gia de sele??o proposta recentemente, definida como ROI (do ingl?s regions of interests) que diminui significativamente o tamanho da matriz de dados obtidas por LC-MS. Resolu??o Multivariada de Curvas com M?nimos Quadrados Alternantes (MCR-ALS) foi utilizado como m?todo de resolu??o das fontes de varia??o, recuperando as informa??es de seus componentes puros que se encontravam misturadas. As massas majorit?rias encontradas, sendo algumas delas 766.54, 565.40 e 871.56 (m/z), determinam que as cianobact?rias estudadas, ao serem submetidas a As(III), sofrem mudan?as relacionadas a estruturas que comp?em os processos fotossint?ticos das mesmas. / This doctoral thesis is a theoretical-practical contribution for the development of studies that use bioanalytical, particularly biological materials from bacteria, which can be isolated, DNA, among others, in conjunction with chemistry analysis tools. For this, it was sought to identify bacterial differences when submitted to a source of stress from different analytical techniques. The first approach was based on biospectroscopy, using spectroscopic data obtained in the infrared region. Biospectroscopy in the infrared region is described as a non-invasive, high-throughput, low-cost (when compared with standard analytical techniques) and objective techniques, and has a huge potential in the analysis of bacteria, complementing or even replacing diagnostic methods of diseases conventionally conducted by skilled persons by standard methods of expensive analyzes and requiring specific reagents. The data obtained from biospectroscopy in bacterial samples are complex and have many overlapping bands and it is necessary to apply mathematical tools to overcome these difficulties. For this, some mathematical tools, such as variable selection methods, using Linear Discriminant Analysis with Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA-LDA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA-LDA), are generally used for the purpose of solving these data, facilitating the extraction of information. Infrared spectroscopy, in specific Near Infrared (NIR) and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform and Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR- FTIR), in conjunction with variable selection methods (SPA-LDA and GA-LDA) was used in the discrimination of bacterial samples (Sthaphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoneae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Possible biomarkers such as lipids and proteins were identified at ~ 1550 cm -1 and 1400 cm -1 and DNA vibrations at ~ 1080 cm -1. Sensitivity values of 75% and 95% for SPA-LDA models and 100% and 93% for GA-LDA models were found. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the SPA-LDA and GA- LDA in conjunction with the infrared spectroscopy showed efficient tools improving the time and cost of diagnosis allowing the treatment faster than the standard methods of diagnosis, and consequently, it is possible to avoid the evolution of a possible infection. The second approach was to evaluate possible changes in the lipid profile of bacteria resulting from its exposure to an external stress source (Arsenic (III)), using the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. and Planktothrix agardhii. The data were obtained from Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), which, in order to generate a very extensive data matrix, required the use of a recent selection strategy, defined as ROI (regions of interest), which significantly decreased the Size of the data matrix obtained by LC-MS. Multivariate Curve Resolution - Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) was used as a method to solve variation sources, retrieving the information of its pure components that were mixed. The majority masses found, such as 766.54, 565.40 and 871.56 (m/z), determine that the studied cyanobacteria, when subjected to As (III), undergo changes related to structures that make up the photosynthetic processes of the same.

This essay examines the use of geographic places (cities, countries, regions) in Judith Hermanns short story collection Nichts als Gespenster. As is being shown in the essay, the function of these places is in connection to the main conflicts and themes of the seven different stories a crucial part of Hermanns narrative.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T16:40:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_jose_matheus_betemps_vaz_da_silva.pdf: 1235561 bytes, checksum: 598218a2ba204a836fec77d053fcfc5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T18:33:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_jose_matheus_betemps_vaz_da_silva.pdf: 1235561 bytes, checksum: 598218a2ba204a836fec77d053fcfc5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-08-30T18:33:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_jose_matheus_betemps_vaz_da_silva.pdf: 1235561 bytes, checksum: 598218a2ba204a836fec77d053fcfc5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T18:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_jose_matheus_betemps_vaz_da_silva.pdf: 1235561 bytes, checksum: 598218a2ba204a836fec77d053fcfc5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-29 / Sem bolsa / O azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) é uma espécie anual pertencente à família Poaceae, apresenta rebrote com grande número de afilhos e é uma das melhores pastagens de inverno. A espécie é de fácil dispersão e, por isso, está presente e caracteriza-se como planta daninha em praticamente todas as lavouras de inverno e em pomares da região sul do Brasil, sendo a presença de biótipos resistentes a glyphosate confirmada. Ultimamente, existem relatos, por parte de produtores, sobre a baixa eficiência do controle químico sobre o azevém anual, caso que não ocorria em anos anteriores. Esse fato preocupa e evidencia a necessidade da avaliação da sensibilidade aos inibidores da ACCase e ALS, visto que o surgimento de resistência a esses mecanismos de ação significa a perda da principal ferramenta de manejo dos biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate. Dessa forma, os objetivos da pesquisa foram avaliar a distribuição de biótipos de azevém anual resistentes ao controle químico no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e determinar os principais fatores agronômicos associados na seleção destes biótipos. Para isso, sementes de plantas de azevém anual que sobreviveram a aplicações de herbicidas foram coletadas em lavouras do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, cujo processo de amostragem abrangeu 307 produtores, disseminados por 92 municípios. Em cada local foram coletadas informações sobre o manejo das plantas daninhas e demais práticas agronômicas utilizadas pelos produtores. Essas sementes foram cultivadas em casa-de-vegetação e na fase em que em média as plantas de azevém apresentavam quatro folhas, cada biótipo foi exposto a três tratamentos herbicidas, sendo eles: 2160 g e.a. ha-1 de glyphosate; 5 g i.a. ha-1 de iodosulfuron e 108 g i.a. ha-1 de cletodim. Os resultados demostram que o Rio Grande do Sul apresenta plantas de azevém anual resistentes aos herbicidas glyphosate, iodosulfuron e cletodim; os biótipos resistentes apresentam distribuição geográfica dispersa na metade norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul; o herbicida cletodim apresenta o melhor desempenho para controle dos biótipos de azevém anual coletados com suspeita de resistência a herbicidas; e, ainda, a resistência múltipla está presente em biótipos de azevém anual. / Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is an annual specie of Poaceae family, presents a regrowth containing a high number of tillers and it is considered one of the best winter´s pastures. The specie disperses easily and it is considered as a weed of almost all winter cultivations and fruit farms in the Southern Brazil, where the presence of biotypes resistant to glyphosate was confirmed. Nowadays, producers inform about the lack of efficiency of chemical control of annual ryegrass. Such a problem was not observed in the past. This fact brings to light the need for evaluation of ryegrass sensitivity to ACCase and ALS inhibitors, because a resistance to such mechanisms means the lost of the main tool for managing biotypes resistant to glyphosate. Therefore, this trial was conducted to evaluate geographic distribution of biotypes of herbicide resistant annual ryegrass in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, and to determine the main agronomic factors associated to the selection of such biotypes. Seeds of survivors’ annual ryegrass to herbicide pulverization were collected in ryegrass fields in Rio Grande do Sul State. The sampling covered 92 cities and 307 producers. In each place, information about management of weeds and all the agronomic practices conducted by producers were collected. The seeds were cultivated in green houses and when the average of ryegrass plants presented four leaves, each biotype was exposed to three herbicide treatments: 2160 g e.a. ha-1 glyphosate; 5 g i.a. ha-1 iodosulfuron and 108 g i.a. ha-1 cletodim. The results showed that Rio Grande do Sul State presents annual ryegrass plants resistant to glyphosate, iodosulfuron and cletodim; In half of the Northern Rio Grande do Sul State the resistant biotypes are geographically dispersed; cletodim show the best performance for controlling collected biotypes of annual ryegrass suspicious of being resistant to herbicides; and multiple resistance is present in biotypes of annual ryegrass.

Submitted by Maria Beatriz Vieira (mbeatriz.vieira@gmail.com) on 2016-10-10T12:43:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertacao_andre_oliveira_de_mendonca.pdf: 877706 bytes, checksum: 5195daa6c5633db563a5c8c76ae4574d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T21:02:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_andre_oliveira_de_mendonca.pdf: 877706 bytes, checksum: 5195daa6c5633db563a5c8c76ae4574d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-10-11T21:02:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_andre_oliveira_de_mendonca.pdf: 877706 bytes, checksum: 5195daa6c5633db563a5c8c76ae4574d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T21:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_andre_oliveira_de_mendonca.pdf: 877706 bytes, checksum: 5195daa6c5633db563a5c8c76ae4574d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-02 / Sem bolsa / O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver metodologia rápida e eficiente para identificação de sementes de arroz-vermelho resistente aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase e avaliar o tempo para superação da dormência de sementes de arroz-vermelho. Utilizaram-se dois biótipos de arroz-vermelho, sendo um resistente (General Câmara, RS) e outro suscetível (Cachoeirinha, RS) a imazapir + imazapic (Kifix®), herbicida inibidor da acetolactato sintase, e duas cultivares de arroz, Puitá INTA CL e IRGA 417, resistente e suscetível, respectivamente. Para a avaliação da dormência, as sementes de arroz-vermelho foram obtidas no Centro Agropecuário da Palma (CAP), UFPel, Capão do Leão. Os resultados demonstraram que o substrato papel mata-borrão é o mais eficiente para a diferenciação de biótipos quanto a suscetibilidade. A utilização de óleo mineral promove incremento na eficácia do herbicida, independente do biótipo. A dose de 60% da dose comercial é a mais indicada a ser utilizada. As sementes de arroz-vermelho suscetível e a cultivar IRGA 417 apresentaram suscetibilidade ao herbicida do grupo químico das imidazolinonas, enquanto os biótipos arroz-vermelho resistente e Puitá INTA CL demonstraram alta resistência a essa classe de herbicida. A utilização de herbicida diminuiu a porcentagem de plântulas normais de todos os biótipos utilizados. O biótipo de arroz-vermelho resistente apresentou maior germinação e vigor que os demais, seguido do Puitá INTA CL. Variações na temperatura de germinação, abaixo da considerada ótima, reduzem a germinação de sementes de arroz e arroz-vermelho. As sementes de arroz-vermelho coletadas no Centro Agropecuário da Palma apresentaram alta dormência, sendo que 60 dias após a coleta não foram suficientes para a superação total desta condição. / The objective was to develop a methodology for quick and efficient identification of red rice seeds resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase and time to break dormancy of seeds of red rice. Used two biotypes of red rice, one resistant (General Câmara, RS) and a susceptible (Cachoeirinha, RS) to imazapic + imazapyr (Kifix®), acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicide, and two rice cultivars, Puitá INTA CL and IRGA 417, resistant and susceptible, respectively. For the evaluation of dormancy, the seeds of red rice were obtained from the Agricultural Center of Palma (CAP), UFPel, Capão do Leão. The results showed that the substrate blotter paper is the most efficient for the differentiation of susceptibility biotypes. The use of mineral oil promotes an increase in the effectiveness of the herbicide, regardless of the biotype. The dose of commercial 60% of the dose is more appropriate to be used. The seeds of red rice and susceptible cultivar IRGA 417 showed susceptibility to the herbicide of the imidazolinone chemical group, while biotypes resistant red rice and Puitá INTA CL showed high resistance to this class of herbicide. The use of herbicide decreased the percentage of normal seedlings of all cultivars. The biotype resistant red rice showed higher germination and vigor than the others, followed by the Puitá INTA CL. Variations in germination temperature below the considered optimal, reduce germination of rice and red rice. The seeds of red rice collected in the Agricultural Center of Palma showed high numbness, and 60 days after collection were not enough to overcome this condition overall.

La sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA) et la démence fronto-temporale (DFT) sont deux maladies qui constituent un continuum clinico-pathologique. La mutation de FUS, une protéine nucléaire à fonctions multiples, provoque des cas familaux de SLA, et ces mutations provoquent une redistribution sub-cellulaire de FUS, du noyau vers le cytoplasme. Certains cas de DFT présentent une telles distribution anormale en l’absence de mutations de FUS. Il n’est pas connu si la maladie est provoquée par une perte de la fonction nucléaire de FUS et/ou un gain de fonction cytoplasmique.Nous avons généré et caractérisé une lignée de souris exprimant une forme cytoplasmique de FUS (Fus-ΔNLS). La localisation exclusive de FUS dans le cytoplasme provoque la mort des motoneurones via un gain de fonction dans les motoneurones eux-mêmes. Une localisation cytoplasmique partielle de FUS est suffisante pour développer un phénotype de la SLA et de DFT. Les mécanismes élucidés permettront de comprendre les bases des SLA/DFT. / Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTLD) are now considered as a unique clinicopathological spectrum referred to as ALS/FTLD. Cytoplasmic aggregation of the physiologically nuclear FUS protein is a hallmark feature of a subset of ALS/FTLD. It remains unknonwn whether the critical pathogenic event relies on a loss of FUS normal nuclear functions, a toxic gain of function of FUS in the cytoplasm, or a combination of both.To answer this question we have generated a conditional mouse model expressing truncated FUS without nuclear localization signal - FusΔNLS. Our data showed that complete cytoplasmic mislocalization of truncated FUS protein within spinal motor neurons is a major determinant of motor neuron degeneration via toxic gain of function. A partial mislocalization of truncated FUS protein was sufficient to trigger key features of ALS and of FTLD.These studies allowed the elucidation of mechanisms underlying FUS role in ALS/FTLD, and will hopefully lead to development of therapies for these devastating diseases.

Ehrenamtliche Deutschvermittlungspraxis will sichtbar gemacht und mit professionellen Ansätzen, Theorien und Forschung in Dialog gebracht werden. Der Fachtag „Deutsch von Anfang an für Flüchtlinge fördern“ (DAFF) ist einer der ersten Schritte, den diesbezüglichen Austausch zwischen Theorie und Praxis anzustoßen und damit eine Grundlage für die Systematisierung und Fundierung ehrenamtlicher Angebote der Sprachbegleitung in den ersten Aufenthaltsmonaten und darüber hinaus, z.B. auf dem Weg in die Arbeitswelt, zu schaffen. Mit Unterstützung des Fachverbandes Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache (FaDaF) und in Kooperation mit der Initiative Deutschkurse Asyl Migration Flucht (DAMF), einer Projektgruppe des Ausländerrats Dresden, ist der Dialog im August 2016 am Zentrum für Integrationsstudien (ZfI) der TU Dresden initiiert worden. Die vorliegende Dokumentation lässt den ersten Fachtag Revue passieren, fasst die zentralen Ergebnisse zusammen und bietet die Grundlage für einen nachhaltigen Austausch – mit dem Ziel, eine Schnittstelle zwischen ehrenamtlichen und institutionellen Angeboten zu gestalten, Erfahrungs- und Forschungswissen aufeinander zu beziehen und so dazu beizutragen, dass Fachwissenschaftler*innen, professionelle Lehrkräfte und ehrenamtliche Sprachbegleiter*innen miteinander arbeiten und sprechen, anstatt lediglich übereinander zu reden.

Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der hohen Zahl an Flüchtlingen in Deutschland erfährt auch das Lehren und Lernen von Deutsch als Fremdsprache einen Bedeutungsaufschwung. In dieser Ausgabe von Medienwelten werden zwei Studien vorgestellt, die auf ganz unterschiedliche Art und Weise die Frage nach einer medienpädagogischen Herangehensweise im Deutsch als Fremdsprache-Unterricht stellen.