I denna studie utförs energikartläggning av biogasanläggningen More Biogas. Anläggningens energiförbrukning kartläggs, sammanställs och visas i en modell konstruerad i Microsoft Excel. Genom att ändra frekvensen för komponenter kan modellen beräkna flöden och effektbehov i processen. För att utvärdera de resultat som modellen presenterar, testas modellen genom att anläggningens verkliga driftsituation efterliknas vid två separat tillfällen. Modellens resultat jämförs med den verkliga energiförbrukningen och avvikelser diskuteras. Ramarna för kartläggningen var att endast använda sig av enkla medel som går att hitta i de flesta verkstäder samt befintlig övervakningsutrustning.   Resultatet som presenterades av modellen gällande elförbrukningen hamnade cirka 17-25% under uppmätt elkonsumtion men då kartläggningen avgränsats i storlek är resultatet rimligt. Studien visar att energikartläggning är möjligt att utföra med enkla medel men för att avvikelser ska bli så små som möjligt krävs mer tid. / This study examines the energy consumption of the biogas production plant More Biogas. The energy usage of the facility is mapped, and the data is used to construct a model of the site in Microsoft Excel where flowrates and energy requirements are calculated based on set frequency of individual components. To see if the calculated result of the model can be considered valid, the model is tested by replicating the plants operation at two separate occasions. The result presented by the model is then compared to the actual measured energy consumption and the difference between the results is discussed. The boundaries for the mapping process was to only use the control system on site and simple tools that could be found in most workshops.   Results presented by the model concerning the electric power consumption fell short of the measured value by 17-25 % but because the energy mapping is limited in that it did not cover all the areas of the site, the results may still be considered valid. The study show that an energy mapping of an existing industrial process is possible with only simple tools but the task of making the results match real values as much as possible, requires more time.

This report is about the product data classification methodology that is useable for the Volvo Cars Engine (VCE) factory's production data, and can be implemented in the Teamcenter software. There are many data generated during the life cycle of each product, and companies try to manage these data with some product data management software. Data classification is a part of data management for most effective and efficient use of data. With surveys that were done in this project, items affecting the data classification have been found. Data, attributes, classification method, Volvo Cars Engine factory and Teamcenter as the product data management software, are items that are affected data classification. In this report, all of these items will be explained separately. With the knowledge obtained about the above items, in the Volvo Cars Engine factory, the suitable hierarchical classification method is described. After defining the classification method, this method has been implemented in the software at the last part of the report to show that this method is executable.

Time to market can be a decisive factor when bringing a new product or a new company to the market. Sometimes, for not defining strategic plans during the new product development phase, companies fail. According to the Lean Start Up Methodology (LSM), testing market-fit as early as possible and customer focused product development are important to increase the chances of a successful commercialization. The definition of a value proposition based on the market needs is seen as a central point to orchestrate key activities such as teamwork, efficient product development and marketing and finally the commercialization. In Sweden, the nutraceutical industry today represents a dynamic sector that offers novel opportunities to converge scientific discovery with growing consumer interest in health-improving foods.This study discourses on functional food segment, with a focus on probiotic, prebiotic and symbiotic-based products. It included a case study in a new company active in the nutraceutical sector in Sweden (TSL). Their actual strategy for commercializing a symbiotic-based weight loss program will be evaluated, and a new strategy built inspired on LSM Methodology is proposed, with a special focus on value proposition design.

No description available.

No description available.

In today’s World, sustainability is not just a buzz word but should be the new quality. In order to live in a pollution free environment, there is an urgent need to move towards a circular economy. The rapidly increasing demand of textiles results in high amount of textile waste leading to pollution. Textile to textile recycling is the most feasible solution to minimize textile waste while meeting the fashion demand. Mechanical recycling by shredding is one way of recycling textiles where, fabrics are broken down into their constituent fibres. The problem with this method is that, after shredding, there is huge reduction in fibre length due to the harsh process. This makes it difficult to use a high percentage of these reclaimed fibres in formation of new textile garments. The main focus of this thesis was to reduce the fibre length drop that occurs during shredding through lubricant pretreatment. It was anticipated that, inter-fibre friction would be the reason for the huge fibre length drop during shredding. Therefore, a method was developed to measure the inter-fibre friction of cotton and polyester staple fibres using a tensile tester. The effect of blending on inter-fibre friction was investigated. Different types of lubricants were used to alter the inter fibre friction. The lubricants were sprayed on the fibres and dried prior to carding. Two lubricants were chosen for pretreatment of fibres for yarn formation. The effect of the lubricant on the inter-fibre friction of carded fibre webs as well as yarn strength and spinnability were investigated. The results showed that, the method developed can be used to measure inter-fibre friction of staple fibres. It was also found that, inter-fibre friction in carded webs depends on the crimp and mechanical interlocking in the web. Inter-fibre friction in blended fibres depends on the percentage amount of each fibre in the blend. Addition of a small amount of lubricant significantly lowers the inter-fibre friction. The effect depends on the type of lubricant and type of fibre. Lubricant amount above 1.43% on weight of fibre lead to poor carding of fibres. Lubricant amounts between 0.29 % and 1% on weight of fibre lead to good carding of cotton and polyester fibres but the cotton fibre webs may not be spun. PEG4000 lubricant was found to significantly lower the inter-fibre friction compared to other lubricants. It was also found that, lubricants significantly affect the tensile strength of the yarn as well as their spinnability. Basing on the results, it was concluded that, lubricant pretreatment of fabrics prior to shredding will most likely provide a more gentle process. This was based on the fact that, the lubricants reduce the inter-fibre friction. This enables easier slippage of fibres within the yarns which facilitates easier deformation of the yarns during the shredding process. Thus reduce the fibre length drop. PEG 4000 is more likely to provide better results when used in amounts ranging from 0.1 to 0.71% on weight of fabric. Besides that, PEG is safe for the environment.

I denna litteraturstudie behandlas ämnesområdet hållbar utveckling, främst utifrån den ekologiska aspekten av begreppet. Av eget intresse fanns en nyfikenhet på hur lärare runt om i världen undervisar ämnesövergripande om ämnesområdet samt vilka kompetenser som krävs för att möjliggöra en lärorik undervisning. Vid litteratursökningen upptäcktes brister av forskning kring ämnet i årskurs 4–6, vilket gjorde oss ännu mer intresserade. Syftet med studien är klarlägga hur undervisning om hållbar utveckling i årskurs 4–6 behandlas i internationell och svensk forskning inom de naturorienterande ämnena samt teknik. De forskningsfrågor som används är: hur arbetar lärare med hållbar utveckling inom de naturorienterande ämnena och teknik samt vilka förutsättningar för ämnesövergripande arbete mellan dessa ämnen finns? Dessutom undersöks vilket ämnesinnehåll som kan lyftas samt vilka kompetenser en lärare behöver för att möjliggöra en lärorik undervisning.   Det sociokulturella perspektivet återspeglas i läroplanen, Lgr11, och därmed finns det representerat i vår studie. För att finna relevant litteratur användes flera olika databaser i informationssökningen. Därefter kategoriserades materialet utifrån analyskriterier och sammanfattades i dokumentet Översikt över analyserad litteratur (Bilaga 1). Detta var till stor hjälp vid författandet av denna uppsats. Resultatet visar hur undervisning bedrivs enskilt i de naturorienterande ämnena och teknik samt ämnesövergripande mellan dessa ämnen. Ett flertal konkreta exempel behandlas gällande undervisning inomhus såväl som utomhus. Slutsatsen är att undervisning kring hållbar utveckling kan ske på många olika sätt och att det är av stor betydelse vad och hur läraren undervisar.

Idag är vi beroende av de fördelar som kemikalier medför, och under de senaste femtio åren har kemikalieproduktionen ökat mer än 50 gånger. Den kemiska industrin omvandlar råmaterial såsom olja, naturgas, luft, vatten, metaller och mineraler till tusentals olika produkter som används i klädindustri, målarfärg, lampolja, rengöringsmedel, tillsatsmedel i bränsle och mycket annat. Vi måste behandla dessa produkter med försiktighet och respekt för att minimera skadliga effekter på grund av exponering (Kemikalieinspektionen 2013).   Kemikalierna transporteras globalt med lastbil, järnväg och tankfartyg. Transporten till sjöss regleras av internationella regelverk och särskilda certifikat krävs innan fartyg kan lasta farliga ämnen. FN:s sjöfartsorgan IMO arbetar med att minska fartygs miljöpåverkan. IMOs regelverk, gällande kemikalier som transporteras i bulk finns i MARPOL Annex II som bland annat reglerar vilka utsläpp av spolvatten som är tillåtna från lasttankar (IMO 2018).   Syftet med den här studien var att beräkna mängden utsläpp av kemikalier i Östersjön, längs svenska västkusten samt längs Danmarks kust om tankfartygen tömmer sina tankar, i enlighet med gällande regelverk. Utifrån fartygstrafikdata från dessa områden har vi beräknat teoretiska utsläppsmängder. Resultatet visar att fartyg under ett år sammanlagt kan släppa ut en stor mängd kemikalier, i enlighet med rådande regelverk.

Det levs ett isolerat liv till sjöss, det är därför viktigt att besättningen är tränade inför eventuella nödsituationer. Syftet med detta arbete är att kartlägga hur studenterna vid Kalmars Sjöfartshögskola har upplevt kvaliteten av säkerhetsövningarna de genomfört under sin fartygsförlagda utbildning. Genom en kvantitativ surveymetod undersöktes hur den upplevda kvaliteten på säkerhetsövningarna skiljde sig beroende på fartygstyp, besättningsstorlek, språkmässigt samt hur säkerhetsövningar kan förbättras. Resultatmässigt framkom det i undersökningen att respondenterna upplevde kvaliteten på säkerhetsövningarna som bra, men att det fanns utrymme för förbättringar. Dock skiljde sig inte den upplevda kvaliteten beroende på fartygstyp. Däremot föredrog majoriteten av respondenterna mindre besättningar och svensktalande befäl när det kom till det upplevda engagemanget. Mer tid till planering och utförande, mer realistiska och varierande scenarion samt ökat engagemang hos hela besättningen var återkommande förslag till förbättring av säkerhetsövningar från respondenterna. / The life onboard a vessel is isolated, therefore it’s important that the crew is trained to handle emergencies. The purpose of this report is to survey the experience of safety drills according to students at Kalmar Maritime Academy. By using a quantitative survey method, the quality of the safety drills could be compared between different ship types, crew sizes and crew languages. How to improve safety drills were also surveyed. The results show that the quality of safety drills is good but could be improved. According to the results quality doesn’t differ depending on ship types. However, the majority of the respondents preferred smaller crews and Swedish instructors leading the safety drills in order to achieve better commitment among the crew. More time for planning and implementation, more realistic and various scenarios together with better commitment within the entire crew were suggestions as to how to improve safety drills.

The current boilers at the Brunna plant were installed in 1979 using oil and solvents to produce steam for the production and heating of the plant. To reduce the carbon dioxide emissions in compliance with Fresenius Kabi strategy a new biofuel boiler is about to be installed. Since the steam demand has been reduced during the years and it’s expensive to install a new boiler this study has been performed to calculate the actual steam demand for the plant at different scenarios. A smaller boiler requires a lower investment, achieves higher efficency and contributes to reduced carbon dioxide emissions. This report is intended to supply the management with information so that a decision regarding investments and employees can be made. The result is presented as different possible scenarios that are of great importance when deciding which boiler effect that is needed. Destillation, heating and the production have a major impact and must be considered when installing a new boiler. The results show that a boiler should be between 2-4 MW net effect depending on which scenario that is most likely to occur.