E. coli O157:H7 é um patógeno de importância em alimentos, tendo sido envolvido, nos últimos anos, em surtos de grandes proporções, principalmente por produtos cárneos. Entretanto sua ocorrência em alimentos, particularmente em carne crua, é baixa e poderia, eventualmente, ser atribuída à atividade antagônica expressa por outros microrganismos presentes. Assim sendo, foi avaliada a interferência de bactérias que fazem parte da microbiota normal de carne sobre a multiplicação de E. coli O157:H7 em carne bovina moída mantida em refrigeração e em temperatura ambiente. Com essa finalidade, foram realizados testes de desafio (\"challenge tests\") em porções de 25 g de carne bovina moída inoculadas com diferentes concentrações de E. coli O157:H7 (101, 103 e 106 CFC/g), desafiadas com diferentes inóculos de E. coli não patogênica, Pseudomonas putida e Leuconostoc spp. As cepas de Pseudamonas putida e de Leuconostoc spp., isoladas de carne, foram selecionadas em função de atividade inibitória contra E. calí O157:H7 observada \"in vitro\". Para o monitoramento de E. coli O157:H7, foram utilizados o método convencional, ou seja, plaqueamento em ágar Mac Conkey-sorbitol e identificação de colônias (testes bioquímicos e sorológicos), bem como um método considerado rápido, empregando o Petrifilm™ Kit-HEC. De maneira geral, não foram observadas interferências significativas da presença de diferentes inóculos de E. coli não patogênica, P. putida e Leuconostoc spp., sobre a multiplicação de diferentes inóculos de E. coli O157:H7 à temperatura ambiente e à temperatura de refrigeração. Paralelamente, o Petrifilm™ Kit-HEC revelou um alto índice de correlação com o ágar Mac Conkey-sorbitol (97,2%), com contagens da mesma ordem de grandeza. Os experimentos à temperatura ambiente revelaram um maior índice de correlação (99,0%), quando comparados àqueles à temperatura de refrigeração (94,9%). Aparentemente, a baixa ocorrência de E. coli O157:H7 em alimentos, particularmente em carne bovina crua, não pode ser atribuída à atividade antagônica de alguns microrganismos presentes. / Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen of increasing importance, since it has been involved in several threatening outbreaks, most of them associated with meat products. Though, it is possible that the low occurrence af E. coli O157:H7 in food, particularly in meat, may be due to antagonistic effects af other microorganisms present. Therefore, the influence of some bacteria isolated from meat, over E. coli O157:H7 in meat samples stored at chill and room temperatures was evaluated. For that purpose, studies were performed on 25 g of ground beef inoculated with different spiking levels of E. coli O157:H7 (101, 103 and 106 CFC/g), challenged with different spiking levels of non pathogenic E. coli, Pseudomonas putida or Leuconostoc spp. The Ps. putida and Leuconostoc spp. strains were selected based on deferred antagonism observed against E. coli O157:H7. Multiplication was monitored by means of cultural methods, employing sorbitol Mac Conkey agar and additional identification tests, and the rapid method Petrifilm™ Kit-HEC. No significant influence of non pathogenic E. coli, Pseudomonas putida and Leuconostoc spp. over the multiplication of E. coli O157:H7 was observed. Results on Petrifilm™ Kit-HEC showed high correlation with results on sorbitol Mac Conkey agar (97,2%). Experiments performed with meat kept at room temperatures resulted in higher correlation values (99,0%), when compared to those of meat kept at chill temperatures (94,9%). Apparently, the low occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in food, particularly in raw meat, can\'t be attributed to antagonistic effects of other bacteria from natural microflora.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-27T14:25:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Abdallah Chaibub - 2014.pdf: 1263990 bytes, checksum: 48328d656f5321ae2882086283462be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-29T10:11:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Abdallah Chaibub - 2014.pdf: 1263990 bytes, checksum: 48328d656f5321ae2882086283462be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T10:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Amanda Abdallah Chaibub - 2014.pdf: 1263990 bytes, checksum: 48328d656f5321ae2882086283462be4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, anamorph-Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) is the major disease of rice causing yield losses up to 100%, in the world. Its control, currently held by integrating genetic resistance, cultural practices and chemical control, requires the inclusion of biological agents. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antagonism between C. cladosporioides and four different rice pathogens; to verify the ability of C. cladosporioides in suppressing leaf blast and to study the mechanisms involved during disease suppression. The bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The antagonism in vitro was evaluated by pairing-up, in Petri dishes containing PDA medium, nine different isolates of C. cladosporioides with the rice pathogens Sarocladium oryzae (sheath rot), Monographella albescens (scald), Cochliobolus miyabeanus (brown stain) and M. oryzae. All C. cladosporioides isolates reduced colonies mycelia growth up to 53.84% in addition to hallo formation. Among the nine tested isolates, four were selected for in vivo studies. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, three different concentrations were tested, in two different applications way; 1) 48 hours before challenger inoculation with M. oryzae; 2) mixture of M. oryzae and C. cladosporioides conidia suspensions. The isolated C24 C. cladosporioides (5x105) sprayed 48 hours, before challenger inoculation reduced 97.1% of leaf blast severity, and the spray mixture of conidial suspensions of C24 C. cladosporioides (5x101) and M. oryzae 3x105 spray of decreased leaf blast severity by 88.6%. Subsequently, the mechanisms involved in leaf blast suppression were investigated by using the same isolate, both applications methods and by collecting rice plants leaves sprayed with C. cladosporioides and M. oryzae. The application of C. cladosporioides 48 hours before challenger inoculation with M. oryzae and the conidial suspensions of mixture of M. oryzae and C. cladosporioides reduced to 83.9% and 78.6% of leaf blast severity, respectively. It was detected that, in the presence of C. cladosporioides and absence of the pathogen activity of enzymes GLU, LIPOX, PAL and POX increased significantly. In the presence of, C. cladosporioides and M. oryzae, POX and PAL activity and AS content also significantly increased, in both application forms. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the physical interaction between plant/biological agent/pathogen during the penetration phase. It was proved that C. cladosporioides is a biological agent efficient in activating biochemical defense mechanisms of the rice plant during leaf blast suppression. / A brusone (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, anamorfo - Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) é a principal doença do arroz no mundo causando perdas na produtividade de até 100%. Seu controle, atualmente realizado pelo manejo que integra resistência genética, práticas culturais e controle químico, requer a inserção de agentesbiológicos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar o antagonismo in vitro entre Cladosporium cladosporioides e os patógenos do arroz; verificar a capacidade de C. cladosporioides em suprimir a brusone foliar e estudar os mecanismos envolvidos na supressão da doença. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O antagonismo, in vitro, foi avaliado pareando-se, em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura BDA, nove diferentes isolados de C. cladosporioides com os patógenos do arroz, Sarocladium oryzae (Podridão da bainha), Monographella albescens (Escaldadura), Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Mancha parda) e M. oryzae. Todos os isolados de C. cladosporioides reduziram, em até 53,84% o crescimento micelial das colônias além de apresentarem halo; entre os nove, quatro foram selecionados para os estudos in vivo. Em condições controladas de casa de vegetação, foram testadas, em três diferentes concentrações, a aplicação antecipada, 48 horas antes da inoculação desafiadora com M. oryzae, e a aplicação da mistura das suspensões de conídios de M. oryzae e C. cladosporioides. A pulverização antecipadado isolado C24 de C. cladosporioides (5x105) promoveu 97,1% de redução da severidade de brusone foliar e a pulverização da mistura das suspensões do isolado C24 de C. cladosporioides (5x101) e M. oryzae (3x105) reduziu em 88,6%. Posteriormente, os mecanismos envolvidos na supressão da brusone foliar foram investigados com o mesmo isolado e os dois métodos de aplicação com coletas de plantas, realizadas antes e após o desafio com M. oryzae. As aplicações, antecipada e em mistura, reduziram em 83,9% e 78,6% a severidade da brusone foliar, respectivamente. Observou-se que, na ausência do patógeno a atividade de GLU, LIPOX, PAL e POX aumentaram significativamente. Na presença de M. oryzae, a atividade de POX e PAL e o teor do AS aumentaram destacadamente, em ambas as formas de aplicação. Por microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmou-se a interaçãofísica entre planta/agente biológico/patógeno, durante a fase de penetração. C. cladosporioidesrevelou-se um agente biológico capaz de suprimira brusone foliar ativando os mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa da planta de arroz.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-08-20T14:55:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Henriette Soares Pereira Paskinn.pdf: 1749750 bytes, checksum: a27b1ad66bc6a166ea02a478efd07806 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-24T20:19:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Henriette Soares Pereira Paskinn.pdf: 1749750 bytes, checksum: a27b1ad66bc6a166ea02a478efd07806 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-08-24T20:23:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Henriette Soares Pereira Paskinn.pdf: 1749750 bytes, checksum: a27b1ad66bc6a166ea02a478efd07806 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-24T20:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Henriette Soares Pereira Paskinn.pdf: 1749750 bytes, checksum: a27b1ad66bc6a166ea02a478efd07806 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Evidence has shown that the integument of social bees has a primary protective barrier with antimicrobial properties. Various types of bacteria inhabit the seed coat of healthy social bees and can interact antagonistically against bacteria or not, contributing to the health and function of the nest. Despite its likely importance in maintaining the balance of the hive, few studies have focused on the characterization of the microbiota of this tissue, since the exoskeleton is considered largely responsible for the evolutionary success of insects, not only for the protection and support that gives them, but also the interface between the animal and is environment, and can also act as a carrier and vector of microorganisms. Thus, the main objective of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria with antagonistic activity in front of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25927 and ATCC 29212 Enteroccus faecalis) by biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene amplification. In this study it was found Staphylococus coagulase negative and positive, Serratia liquefacies and Enterococcus sp. The genera and species of bacteria found in this study were able to produce substances in the course of their growth in vitro, exerting bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect against gram-positive and are largely related to social insects. This feature may suggest that interactions between stingless bees and bacteria are at a level of association such that both are essential for both insect as microorganisms. / Evidências demonstram que o tegumento de abelhas sociais apresenta uma barreira de proteção primária com propriedades antimicrobianas. Diversos tipos de bactérias habitam o tegumento de abelhas sociais saudáveis e podem interagir de forma antagônica frente a bactérias benéficas ou não, contribuindo para a saúde e funções do ninho. Apesar de sua provável importância na manutenção do equilíbrio da colméia, poucos estudos tem se voltado para a caracterização da microbiota deste tecido, visto que o exoesqueleto é considerado como um dos grandes responsáveis pelo sucesso evolutivo dos insetos, não somente pela proteção e ao suporte que lhes confere, mas também a interface que representa entre o animal e o meio ambiente, podendo também atuar como transportador e vetor de microrganismos. Sendo assim, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi isolar e identificar bactérias com atividade antagônica contra bactérias patogênicas (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25927 e Enteroccus faecalis ATCC 29212) por meio de testes bioquímicos e amplificação do gene 16S rRNA. Neste trabalho encontrou-se Staphylococus coagulase negativo e positivo, Serratia liquefacies e Enterococcus sp. Os gêneros e espécies bacterianas encontrados neste estudo foram capazes de produzir substâncias, exercendo efeito bactericida ou bacteriostático contra gram- positivos, no curso de seu crescimento in vitro e são amplamente relacionados com insetos sociais. Tal característica pode sugerir que interações entre abelhas sem ferrão e bactérias estão num patamar de associação tal que sejam imprescindíveis para ambos, tanto inseto quanto microrganismos.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-08T11:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tatianepinheirolopesnovato.pdf: 844555 bytes, checksum: 0cc711e3cec4e9c6c2686d56ba3c8a39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T13:39:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tatianepinheirolopesnovato.pdf: 844555 bytes, checksum: 0cc711e3cec4e9c6c2686d56ba3c8a39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tatianepinheirolopesnovato.pdf: 844555 bytes, checksum: 0cc711e3cec4e9c6c2686d56ba3c8a39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da combinação entre timol, carvacrol e (E)-cinamaldeido sobre larvas de Amblyomma sculptum e Dermacentor nitens, bem como realizar o primeiro calculo da concentração letal de 50%(CL50) para as espécies alvo e propor adaptações para as categorias qualitativas definidas por Chou (2006) para avaliação de combinações dos compostos ativos. O teste foi realizado por meio da técnica de pacote de larvas modificado e a mortalidade foi avaliada após 24h. Para a determinação da Concentração Letal 50 (CL50) as substâncias foram testadas nas concentrações de 0,62; 1,25; 2,5; 3,75; 5,0 e 7,5 mg/ml, com exceção do teste com o timol sobres larvas de A. sculptum(0,62; 1,25; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0 mg/ml) e nas concentrações de 0,31; 0,62; 1,25; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg/ml sobre larvas de D. nitens. Após a determinação da CL50, cada substância foi avaliada separadamente e combinada com outra substância na proporção de 1:1 nas concentrações da CL50, 1/2 e 1/4 da CL50. Os grupos foram mantidos em câmara climatizada (27±1°C e UR >80±10%). Para A. sculptum, o menor valor de CL50 foi obtido para o (E)-cinamaldeído 1,40, seguido do timol 2,04 e carvacrol 3,49 mg/ml, sendo observado o mesmo para D. nitens, com valores de 1,68, 2,17 e 3,33 mg/ml, respectivamente. Na avaliação das associações entre as substâncias, para larvas de A. sculptum, apenas a combinação entre carvacrol e timol (CL50) e carvacrol e (E)-cinamaldeído (1/4) apresentaram efeito sinérgico moderado, as demais misturas demonstraram efeito aditivo ou antagônico. Já para larvas de D. nitens as combinações entre timol e carvacrol (1/2 e CL50) apresentaram efeito sinérgico e as demais combinações apresentaram efeito aditivo e antagônico. Conclui-se que as combinações de timol e carvacrol (CL50) têm sinergismo moderado para larvas A. sculptum e timol e carvacrol (1/2 e CL50) tem efeito sinérgico para D. nitens. / The objective of this study was to assess the paired combined effect of thymol, carvacrol and (E)-cinnamaldehyde on Amblyomma sculptum and Dermacentor nitens larvae, as well as to carry out the first calculation of the 50% lethal concentration (LC50) for the target species and propose adaptations to the qualitative categories defined by Chou (2006) for assessment of active compounds combinations. The effects of the treatments were evaluated by the modified larval packet test, to measure the mortality after 24 h. To determine the LC50, the substances were tested individually at concentrations of 0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/ml on A. sculptum larvae, except for the test with thymol (0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0. 7.5 and 10.0 mg/ml). For D. nitens, the concentrations tested were 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/ml for all substances. After determining the LC50, each substance was evaluated separately and in combination with another substance in a 1:1 proportion at the LC50 concentration and 1/2 and 1/4 of the LC50. The groups were kept in a climate-controlled chamber (27±1 °C and RH >80±10%). For A. sculptum, the lowest LC50 value was obtained for (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1.40), followed by thymol (2.04) and carvacrol (3.49 mg/ml). The same order of effectiveness was observed for D. nitens, with values of 1.68, 2.17 and 3.33 mg/ml, respectively. In the evaluation of the associations of substances against A. sculptum larvae, only the combinations between carvacrol and thymol (LC50) and carvacrol and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (1/4 LC50) presented synergetic effect. The other mixtures demonstrated additive or antagonistic effect. In turn, for D. nitens larvae the combinations between thymol and carvacrol (LC50 and 1/2 LC50) presented synergetic effect, while the others presented additive or antagonistic effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that combinations of thymol and carvacrol (LC50) have a moderate synergetic effect against A. sculptum larvae and thymol combined with carvacrol (LC50 and 1/2 LC50) has a synergetic effect against D. nitens larvae.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-05-10T13:03:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadossantosfernandesdasilva.pdf: 3138226 bytes, checksum: 48d21f2f7120dba69bf9b23c69d8ed0b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T15:24:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadossantosfernandesdasilva.pdf: 3138226 bytes, checksum: 48d21f2f7120dba69bf9b23c69d8ed0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T15:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinadossantosfernandesdasilva.pdf: 3138226 bytes, checksum: 48d21f2f7120dba69bf9b23c69d8ed0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / Peptídeos antimicrobianos são um grupo diverso de moléculas bioativas produzidas naturalmente por uma variedade de organismos procariotos e eucariotos, e que tem atividade antimicrobiana. Tendo em vista que o Brasil representa o país de maior incidência de leishmaniose no continente americano e a inexistência de peptídeos bacterianos com atividade neste parasito, o objetivo desde trabalho foi a prospecção de peptídeos produzidos por bactérias com ênfase na atividade anti-Leishmania. Foram utilizadas 466 amostras bacterianas para a obtenção de extratos brutos extracelulares, investigados quanto a atividade antimicrobiana total, utilizando como células-alvo culturas de bactérias (Grampositivas e negativas), leveduras (Candida sp) e Leishmania sp. Esta avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana total permitiu definir as amostras produtoras de substâncias bioativas, bem como a caracterização do espectro de ação da substância antimicrobiana. E somente os extratos que tiveram atividade anti- Leishmania foram submetidos a precipitação protéica para avaliação da produção de peptídeos antimicrobianos. Quanto à caracterização da amostra produtora, foram realizados testes morfo-tintoriais, genéticos e metabólicos para garantia da pureza da cultura e determinação do melhor momento fisiológico de produção da substância antimicrobiana. Em relação ao espectro de ação, 222 extratos tiveram atividade antagônica ao crescimento bacteriano; 05 extratos tiveram atividade antagônica à Candida sp.; e 20 extratos tiveram atividade antagônica ao crescimento de Leishmania sp., totalizando 51 % de amostras positivas para produção de substâncias antimicrobianas. Quanto à atividade anti-Leishmania, os valores médios de inibição de extratos a 20 mg/mL em formas promastigotas do parasito pelo método do MTT foi de 33 % em L. braziliensis e L. chagasi, 30,7 % em L. major e 29 % em L. amazonensis. A redução da viabilidade de formas amastigotas também foi observada para o extrato bruto a 40 mg/mL de Staphylococcus edpidermidis (CGP360), com valor de 60 %. E esse mesmo extrato não apresentou toxicidade para macrófagos peritoneais, resultado importante para novas drogas de uso sistêmico. Quanto à caracterização da amostra produtora, observou-se que a produção da substância antagonista com maior atividade anti- Leishmania ocorreu em extratos advindos de culturas crescidas em meios TSB e BHI e provenientes da fase estacionária de crescimento. Estudos adicionais devem ser realizados para uma melhor compreensão da interação dos extratos bacterianos em espécies de Leishmania, mas os resultados descritos neste trabalho são promissores e inéditos na literatura científica. / Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse group of bioactive molecules naturally produced by a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms with antimicrobial activity. Brazil represents the highest incidence country of leishmaniasis in the American continent, so the objective of this work was prospect bacteria peptides with anti-Leishmania activity. A total of 466 bacterial samples were used to produce extracellular crude extracts to evaluate antimicrobial activity against bacterial cells (Gram-positive and negative bacteria), yeast (Candida sp) and Leishmania sp. and characterize antimicrobial spectrum of action. Only Leishmania activity extracts were submitted to protein precipitation and tested to peptides production. The producing sample were characterized by genetic, morphologic and metabolic tests, and the best physiological moment of peptides production was determinate. The results showed that 222 extracts had bacterial activity, 05 extracts had Candida activity, and 20 extracts had Leishmania activity, summarizing 51 % of positive samples to antimicrobial substances production. For promastigote Leishmania activity, 20 mg/ mL extracts showed inhibition values by MTT method of 33 % in L. braziliensis and L. chagasi, 30.7 % in L. major and 29 % in L. amazonensis. The amastigote forms viability was observed for 40 mg/mL crude extract of Staphylococcus edpidermidis (CGP360), with a reduction value of 60 %. And this same extract did not have toxicity to peritoneal macrophages, an important result for new drugs of systemic use. Concerning the characterization of the producing sample, it was observed that the production of the antagonistic substance with the highest anti-Leishmania activity occurred in TSB and BHI media extracts coming from stationary phase. Additional studies should be performed to better understand the interaction of bacterial extracts in Leishmania species, but the results described in this paper are promising and unpublished in the scientific literature.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe_Corral_Freitas_Dissertacao.pdf: 1071153 bytes, checksum: be790557312200a63bd8a84da7838387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / The aim of this study was to analyze the discourse of deputies of the PT and the PSDB, performed during the Great Expedient Section of Congress, dealing with security reforms undertaken in Cardoso and Lula. For this analysis we used the theoretical and methodological aspects of discoursetheory of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, in order to identify the significations and the meanings generated by those deputies to refer the reforms. In this sense,you see the discursive relationship between parliamentarians from both parties and, in addition, will be demonstrated variation of parliamentary discourse in relation tothe two reforms, other words, how they positioned themselves in relation to reforms -highlighting the position in that political parties were, now in the situation, sometimes in opposition. The main hypothesis guiding this dissertation is that there is no so clear ideological differentiation between parliamentarians of the PT and the PSDB, being marked by an antagonistic separation between government and opposition / O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar ocomportamento discursivo dos deputados federais do PT e do PSDB, realizados durante a Seção do Grande Expediente da Câmara Federal, tratando das reformasda Previdência realizadas nos governos Cardoso e Lula. Para tal análise foramutilizados os aspectos teóricos e metodológicos da teoria do discurso de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, com o intuito de identificar as significações e os sentidos gerados por tais deputados ao se referirem as reformas em questão. Neste sentido, será apresentada a relação discursiva entre os parlamentares de ambos os partidos e, além disso, será demonstrada a variação discursiva dos parlamentaresem relação às duas reformas, ou seja, como os mesmos se posicionaram em relação às reformas destacando a posição em que os partidos se encontravam, ora na situação, ora na oposição. A hipótese principal que guia esta dissertação é de que não há uma diferenciação ideológica tão clara entre os parlamentares do PT edo PSDB, ficando marcada por uma separação antagônica entre situação e oposição

This study explores the articulation of a popular political identity by the US Senator Bernie Sanders and the political coalition he communicates. The analysis part is conducted on two levels: the construction of the populist signifier ‘the people’ and the construction of the antagonist in Sanders’ political communication. The theoretical part is mostly driven by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s perspective in radical democracy, identity construction, collectiveness and the chain of equivalence. By deploying theoretically unprejudiced approach, the thesis shows how a popular identity, namely ‘the People’, emerges, how it is communicated in order to put forward an alternative reading of populism which is hotly-debated subject among scholars and political scientists. Furthermore, the thesis elaborates how the theoretical discussion proposes a way of understanding the collective subject of ‘the People’ which appears as an identifiable and contra- conjectural category. The analysis ascertains that ‘the people’, as a populist subject, emerges as collective citizens demanding equal rights and taking the larger issues of inequality at stake based on inclusive values and positions, rather than as undemocratic, authoritarian, ethnically and culturally homogenizer subjects. Consequently, any subject causing ‘injustice’ becomes the antagonized other who obliges ‘the People’ to experience misery, oppression, and discrimination. The research tackles how Senator Sanders’ political communication brings disperse identities along with the chain of equivalence, how his movement articulates the political front of ‘the People’, and how it signifies the outsider through dichotomizing the political space. The study concludes that Sanders popular articulation provides a critical perspective for us to read populist zeitgeist of the twenty-first century.

The Angiotensin II Type I Receptor (AT1R) is the main receptor that produces most of the physiological actions of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). Alterations of AT1R expression in renal and cardiovascular diseases make this receptor an attractive target for developing an imaging agent to monitor its expression in disease states. [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan has been developed as a derivative of the clinically used AT1R blocker Losartan. The aim of this work was to characterize this tracer and evaluate its potential as an imaging agent for AT1Rs, thereby, progressing towards human imaging of the AT1R. MicroPET imaging in rats and PET imaging in pigs displayed specific AT1R binding, high kidney-to-blood and image contrast, and slow clearance from kidneys. [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan was shown to have 2 types of labeled metabolites in rat plasma and kidneys: hydrophilic and hydrophobic, whereas, only hydrophilic metabolite(s) in pig plasma. Plasma protein binding of [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan was determined, by an in vitro ultrafiltration method, to be 97% which is very similar to that of Losartan (98%). FPyKYNE-Losartan displayed full antagonism of Ang II pressor effect in rats in vivo, with an ED50 of 25.5 mg/Kg and 4-times (25%) less potency than Losartan. In vitro binding studies confirmed the binding selectivity of [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan. Bmax and Kd parameters were determined to be 348 ± 112 fmol/mm2 and 49.4 nM, respectively. Rat dosimetry studies exhibited that the sex averaged effective doses of [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan according to ICRP 60 and 103 protocols are 2.97E-02 (mSv/MBq) and 3.06E-02 (mSv/MBq), respectively, which are within an acceptable range compared with other F-18 labeled tracers and within the safety limits of the FDA. In conclusion, [18F]FPyKYNE-Losartan has an excellent potential for translation towards human imaging to monitor AT1R expression and guide therapy.

HER2overexpression is associated with poor breast cancer prognosis and increased risk of metastasis. Current HER2targeted therapies include monoclonal antibody based strategies which work by reducing HER2 levels at the cell surface (trastuzumab), by preventing HER2 dimerization (pertuzumab), or via targeted delivery of a cytotoxic payload (trastuzumab emtansine). Although these therapies are successful in some cases, acquired and inherent resistance to these therapeutics remain a treatment hurdle. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically target and lyse cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. One such OV, VSVΔ51, replicates in interferon (IFN) defective cells, a characteristic of approximately 70% of tumours. We hypothesized that the combination of HER2 targeting therapies with VSVΔ51 could improve therapeutic efficacy. We found that HER2 overexpression was associated with increased virus sensitivity and that modulation of HER2 signaling through a subset of activating ligands and inhibitory drugs could influence infection. We further established that the HER2 monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab mediate an anti-viral effect on VSVΔ51 spread. Finally, we demonstrate that conjugation of a microtubule targeting agent to trastuzumab can overcome the induced anti-viral state and enhance VSVΔ51 spread specifically in cancer cells. Overall, this work highlights the importance of HER2 signaling and activation on VSVΔ51 spread and shows that conjugation of microtubule destabilizing agents to monoclonal antibodies can enhance VSVΔ51 efficacy.

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