The American Genre Film Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization established in 2009 by Tim League, founder and CEO of the Alamo Drafthouse Cinema. With a sense of rebellion against established film archives, AGFA is dedicated to the collection of 35mm prints of exploitation films from the 1960s-1980s in order to conserve and distribute these neglected films. A confluence of issues including the history of the films in the collection, AGFA’s connection with the Alamo Drafthouse, and influences from the hipster subcultures combine to inform AGFA’s practices and mission. This thesis will explore how the American Genre Film Archive conforms to and rebels against the established archive community by means of its mission and institutional structure. Also, this thesis will explore AGFA as a hipster institution through its collecting and exhibition practices. AGFA’s roles in the wider film archive community and the hipster community converge into an unusual archive serving unusual films. / text

個人檔案不僅是一個人一生的總合紀錄，更重要地，可以補充國家歷史記憶，對研究社會歷史、風俗民情具有重要的參考價值。但基於個人檔案之特殊產生方式及不具固定書寫格式等性質，檔案典藏單位在個人檔案的整理實務上，如何進行最佳的編排與描述，以提升檔案資訊的有效利用，亦成為重要的研究課題。 本研究採用「文獻分析法」、「深度訪談法」及「比較法」進行研究。以具代表性的兩大典藏機構(國史館、中央研究院)為研究對象，中央研究院內以近史所檔案館、近史所胡適紀念館、史語所傅斯年圖書館、台史所古文書室等四個單位為代表。首先藉由文獻分析及深度訪談探究個人檔案典藏單位對於個人檔案編排與描述之現況，然後加以比較分析。 根據研究結果，對於國內個人檔案典藏單位編排與描述實務，提出結論如下：一、編排實務現況：(一)多數檔案典藏單位無法遵守原始順序原則，(二)檔案典藏單位缺乏一致性的編排原則；二、描述實務現況：(一)檔案典藏單位缺乏一致性的內容描述標準，(二)多數檔案典藏單位缺乏全宗及系列層級的描述，(三)「題名、摘要、日期、實體描述、備註、使用限制」是各單位共同描述的項目，(四)大部分檔案典藏單位未進行權威控制工作；三、相較於一般檔案，個人檔案的編排與描述面臨更多的問題與挑戰。 最後就前述研究結論，提出建議：一、擬定一致性的編排原則與描述標準；二、將個人檔案納入全國性檔案聯合目錄之中；三、強化檔案產生者的描述；四、加強全宗及系列層級的描述；五、建置個人檔案人名權威檔；六、加強個人檔案整編人員的專業訓練；七、成立個人檔案特殊興趣團體。 / Personal archives are not just the records of one's life. More importantly, they are contributing to a nation's history and are valuable in research on social history and cultural habits. However, because of the special way that personal archives are produced and their lack of unified formats, how the arrangement and descriptions of these archives are managed by repositories to elevate their value as resources becomes an important question to be discussed. This study used "literary analysis," "in-depth interviews" and "comparisons" on our subjects and it used two representative archives: the Academia Historica and Academia Sinica of Taiwan. Within the Academia Sinica, we chose the Archives and Hu Shih Memorial Hall of the Institute of Modern History, the Library of the Institute of History and Philology, and the Paleography Archives of the Institute of Taiwan History for our study. First, we explored the situations of the arrangements and descriptions of personal archives in these institutions through literary analysis and in-depth interviews; then we ran the results through comparative analysis. According to our findings, we reached the following conclusions on the current arrangements and descriptions of personal archive repositories in Taiwan: First, on arrangement: 1) most repositories do not follow the original order, and 2) repositories often lack unified formatting principles. Second, on descriptions: 1) repositories lack unified content description guidelines, 2) most repositories lack descriptions for fonds and series, 3) common elements shared by various repositories are: title of unit, abstract, date of unit, physical description, notes and restrictions on use, 4) most repositoires are not under authority control. Third, compared to public records, the arrangements and descriptions of personal archives are more problematic and challenging. Finally, based on the aforementioned conclusions, we suggest: 1) a set of unified arrangement principles and description guidelines be set, 2) personal archives be added into the contents of national archives, 3) more emphasis be placed on the descriptions of creators, 4) more emphasis be placed on the descriptions of fonds and series, 5) name authority files be established, 6) professional training for personal archivers be provided, and 7) interest groups for personal archives be established.

The aim of this one-year master thesis was to examine the principles of arrangement used by the Swedish Royal Office archive from about 1540-1878, and how the principles of arrangement have corresponded with the information needs of that rules the Swedish Royal Office archive. The following theoretical premises were important: Berndt Fredriksson's empirical archival science, JBLD Strömberg's concepts of archive systems and Randolph C. Head's concepts of mirroring. Two questions have been examined. What connections is there between the major reorganizations of the Swedish Royal Office archive, the process for governance of Sweden / the Royal Office, access to / control over archival documents, information needs, the political situation, and changes in how the archive was arranged and inventoried. What sources of inspiration have those responsible for the reorganizations had regarding the reorganizations? My source material consisted primarily of archival inventories. In this inquiry I have used a case study in which document and literature studies were conducted. During this study I have discovered that several principles of arrangement was in use simultaneously during the examined time period. This suggests either that older ideas regarding inventory labor were present at the same time and influenced the inventory labor or that the "archivist" during this time period had great freedom to choose between different principles of arrangement. Arrangement by geographic location were used during the entire time period. The archival inventories arranged by this principle has evolved from larger descriptions over geographic places to titles in Latin over countries. It also seems likely that the countries of this archival inventories represented Sweden's foreign relations. Mirroring has been detected between the reasons for the reorganizations, major political conflicts internally and externally, changes in the governance process, the user groups of the archive, the information needs and archival inventories. Mirroring has also occurred between the principles of arrangement and information access and needs. There are several available sources of inspiration to the reorganizations and hence the principles of arrangement.

Postmodern theory maintains that analyzing the history of archival material can enrich our understanding of archival methods over time and help us understand their effect on society. Examining various records of the First World War, from the perspectives of Britain, Canada, and Australia, from their creation to their uses today, demonstrates the lasting effect that these records have had on the memory of the war, and on our understanding of the past. During the war, records were largely used by governments and individuals for the war’s prosecution and the well-being of soldiers and civilians. The interwar period was faced with whether and how to preserve millions of government records as well as the need for governments, in particular, to use them to shape public opinion and international relations. Today personal First World War records such as letters, diaries, and photographs have taken centre stage and are used primarily for education, commemoration, and entertainment. Although these and other First World War records have increased in popularity in Britain, Canada, and Australia, archival institutions remain in the shadows. Nevertheless, the First World War centenary and the interest in the war's records allow an opportunity to address that problem. This thesis aims to provide greater awareness of the varied uses of the war's records across their histories in order to add to their value and thus demonstrate the importance of preserving archival records. It is hoped that this will help to garner much needed political, economic, and societal support for archival institutions. / May 2017

The purpose of this thesis in Archival Science is to examine what standard of living the civil servants who worked for the Swedish National Archives had in the 1610- and 1620s. The examination is based on Pierre Bourdieus theory of society. The theory views society as a field with distinct social rooms and in each room the agents act to create one’s own capital. Every agent aims to create economical, material, social and cultural capital. Previous research within the field has primarly been about the Swedish state and the secretariat’s progress but the examined agents have been examined to a lesser extent. During the examined period the state chancellor Axel Oxenstierna was a key figure and patron in the Swedish state’s progress and employment of civil servants. The examined agents were born commons thus the oppurtunities were limited and they reached the civil servant employment through the patron-client relationship. Thus the examination aimed to answer two questions, what standard of living the civil servants had and if they were a part of the patron-client relationship. The methodology employed is qualitative. A literature review has been undertaken and qualitative hermeneutics method has been used to examine the texts about the civil servants standard of living. The examination’s first part is a historical background which has showed that the Swedish state and secreterait had an unstable progess during the 1600th-century. When Gustavus Adoplhus became king in 1611 and Axel Oxenstierna state chancellor in 1612 the prerequisites for a stable state and secretariat were founded. As the state became stable the centralization to Stockholm began as well. It is in this historical context the examined civil servants are examined, as the first urban civil servants centralized to Stockholm. As the source material was surveyed typical problems with material preserved about commoners of this time were found. Only one civil servant had enough source material to give enough scientific credibility. His name was Andreas Olai Gerslinus and was employed in the secretariat in 1614 and the Swedish National Archives 1618. The examination has showed that he throughout the whole examined period had a high social and cultural capital. He had relationships with both scholars and men of high nobility. His role as a civil servant of the Swedish National Archives gave him a natural high cultural capital due to the information he possessed. His economical and material capital was low in the 1610s but during the same time he had enough capital to buy two homesteads. The low capital was the results of war and the debt for Älvsborg. During the 1620s his economical capital became reliable and he moved to Åbo in 1623 to pursue a more reputable employment until his death in 1628. This was also common for the civil servants to constantly change social room to be able to build more capital. The second question regarding the patron-client relationship has shown that Andreas Olai Gerslinus was a client for the patron Axel Oxenstierna. The last part of the essay is a concluding discussion about the results gathered during the examination.

This thesis explores the significant contribution Walter Rudnicki (1925-2010) made to the pursuit of social justice for Indigenous people in Canada through his use of archival records. Rudnicki took on the role of archivist by acquiring, organizing, disseminating, and keeping records that document government-Indigenous relations. Totaling 90.25 metres in extent, the Walter Rudnicki fonds at the University of Manitoba Archives & Special Collections is an impressive private collection amassed in order to make injustice visible. As a federal public servant working to develop innovative government policies with Indigenous people between the 1950s and 1970s, Rudnicki had bitter personal experience with document creation and access to records practices in the Government of Canada that thwarted Indigenous aims. Thereafter, he stressed that accessing and archiving records play an indispensable role in protecting Indigenous peoples’ interests. He spent the rest of his life creating and employing an archive that would be used in advocacy for Indigenous rights. / October 2016

"Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (L.L.M.)" / Il est devenu commun de dire que notre société se transforme inexorablement en une société dite de « l'information ». Cette transformation se caractérise entre autres par une utilisation accrue des technologies de l'information afin de communiquer, d'échanger ou de transiger. Les supports traditionnels de communication (tel que le papier) cèdent progressivement leur place à de nouveaux supports technologiques favorisant l'efficacité et la rapidité des échanges, et par la même occasion le développement du commerce électronique. Qu'on le souhaite ou non, un constat s'impose: la montée en puissance des réseaux virtuels a eu raison du monopole du papier. Sur le plan juridique, cette nouvelle réalité bouleverse aussi considérablement les règles de droit civil largement pensées et ancrées dans un contexte papier. L'avènement de la numérisation et du phénomène de la dématérialisation des supports ont effectivement soulevé plusieurs questions d'ordre juridique tout à fait nouvelles que nous pourrions résumer de la manière suivante: Quels sont les rapports entre l'écrit et son support autre que le papier? Quelles sont les caractéristiques de l'écrit faisant appel aux technologies de l'information? Ce type d'écrit peut-il être admis en tant que moyen de preuve? Si oui, quelle sera sa force probante? Ce type d'écrit doit-il être conservé? Le présent mémoire vise précisément à identifier certains éléments de réponses à ces diverses questions en étudiant spécifiquement les cadres juridiques français et québécois. Ce mémoire traite d'une part des enjeux liés à l'évolution et au rôle de l'écrit face à l'avènement des technologies de l'information et d'autre part du cadre juridique de la preuve et de la conservation de l'écrit dans la société de l'information. / It is becoming commonplace to say that we have entered a so-called "information society". In the process, we have witnessed a transformation characterized by an increased use of information and communication technologies that has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn and conduct business. The traditional communication formats (i.e., paper) gradually yield their place to new technological formats which affect the effectiveness and the speed of transactions, there by enabling the rise of ecommerce. The advent of virtual networks calls into question the monopoly of paper. From a legal perspective, the new paradigm has a huge impact on civil law rules, which were largely anchored in a paper context. The advent of the digitization and the phenomenon of the dematerialization of formats raised several new legal issues that we could summarize in the following manner: What is the relationship between writing and its various formats (e.g., other than paper)? What characterizes writing in an electronic environment? Can this type of writing act as evidence? If so, what will be its conclusive force? How can the integrity of documents be ensured? This thesis examines these various questions within the context of two different legislations: France and Québec. Two issues are addressed: 1) the evolution ofwriting in an electronic, networked environment; 2) the legal framework around evidence and archiving ofwriting in the information society.

Notre travail aborde les milieux de cour italiens et français au travers des savoirs et des pratiques équestres répandus depuis le milieu du XVe au milieu du XVIIe siècle. A cette époque, le cheval est à la fois un élément essentiel de l'économie curiale, un véhicule du prestige princier, et un moyen d'affirmation sociale. La première partie de la thèse ("L'invention des sources") invite à découvrir les sources relatives à l'organisation des institutions équestres pour gentilshommes. Les informations concernant les spécialistes du cheval et les équidés qu'abrite la cour sont abondantes, ainsi que le montre la deuxième partie ("Les cavaliers et leurs chevaux dans les cours de la Renaissance"). La troisième partie traite de "L'économie équestre en milieu curial", ou des stratégies et des moyens mis en place par la cour pour se pourvoir en équidés que ce soit en matière de défense, loisirs ou tâches quotidiennes. La dernière partie intitulée "Mobilité et transferts" porte sur la circulation des modèles, des compétences des pratiques équestres en milieu curial. On tend à situer le début du développement de l'art équestre curial en Italie à la Renaissance, vers la fin du XVe siècle, quand les Français l'auraient "découvert" et "importé" au-delà des Alpes. Or, le modèle équestre se développant à la Renaissance, loin d'être le fruit de l'importation d'un ensemble de pratiques et de valeurs immuables, s'étoffe en circulant au gré des échanges, lors des déplacements des spécialistes du cheval, des aspirants écuyers et des membres des maisons princières. / Our thesis approaches the history of Italian and French princely courts through a survey of horsemen's theories and practices from the second half of the XVth century to the 1650s. At that time, horses are an essential element of curial economy, a medium of princely prestige and a mean of social advancement. The first part -"The invention of sources"- invites to discover the sources relating to the equestrian curial institutions (Stables and Studs), to the exchanges between princely households, or to the way equestrian academies for the nobility are run. These sources provide quite a lot of data concerning horse specialists, as we explain in the second part entitled "Horsemen and their Horses in Renaissance Princely Courts". The third part, concerning "Curial economy", examines how a princely household provide itself with the horses it needs for its defence, its leisure activities or its daily routine. The last part -"Mobility and Transfers"- analyzes not only horsemen's mobility and how their know-how spreads, but also the diffusion of cultural models, and of fashionable items of equipment for horses and riders, from court to court, countrywide or abroad. Usually, the development of the equestrian art is considered as a product of the end of the XVth century, when it would have been "discovered" and "imported" from Italy by the French. Nevertheless, Renaissance equestrian models are far from being a fruit of a massive importation of theories, practices and immutable values. They take shape thanks to the exchanges, and to the mobility of horse specialists, young horsemen-to-be travelling to complete their equestrian education, and members of the princely courts

Adotando os seguintes pontos de partida: (i) o parecer analítico de que a literatura canônica de João Guimarães Rosa, constituída pelos livros por ele publicados em vida (Sagarana, Corpo de baile, Grande sertão: veredas, Primeiras estórias e Tutameia), entre 1946 e 1967, assenta-se, de modo preponderante, sobre algumas coordenadas recorrentes como a narrativa de ficção, o espaço rural sertanejo e o aproveitamento da dicção oral; (ii) a percepção tradicional de que Guimarães Rosa eximiu-se de usar explicitamente a sua literatura como instrumento de intervenção nos debates públicos de seu tempo; (iii) a constatação da existência de numerosos escritos do autor, compostos ao longo de toda a sua carreira literária e somente reunidos em edições póstumas, os quais, até os dias de hoje, na sua maioria, receberam discreta atenção crítico-acadêmica; (iv) a verificação da presença, no arquivo-espólio do escritor mineiro no IEB-USP, de uma quantidade não irrelevante de manuscritos de narrativas inacabadas em diversos graus de desenvolvimento; assumidos esses pontos de partida, esta tese tem por objetivo demonstrar como, em produções rosianas menos lidas e examinadas criticamente, assim como em algumas daquelas nunca dadas a público em decorrência de seu estado de incompletude, são observáveis rupturas e abandonos das coordenadas fundamentais acima referidas, havendo maior exploração de gêneros discursivos alheios à narrativa de ficção, o aparecimento mais prevalente do espaço citadino, o favorecimento do registro urbano culto em detrimento da elocução oral (além de outras modalizações e oscilações tonais e formais que diferenciam esses textos da literatura rosiana mais tradicional) e, por último, um posicionamento ativo do autor com respeito a algumas questões em pauta à época. Ao mesmo tempo, pretendemos reconectar esses textos \"marginais\" e inacabados com o todo da obra do autor, e flagar, na trajetória literária de Guimarães Rosa, uma espécie de dialética entre o mesmo e o outro, entre a repetição de fórmulas consagradas e a experimentação de variadas soluções expressionais e de veiculação de sentido, alternância que permite dar corpo a uma visão mais plural e alargada do escritor que foi Guimarães Rosa. / Adopting the following starting points (i) the analytical appraisal that João Guimarães Rosa\'s canonical literature, comprising the books published by him during his life between 1946 and 1967 (Sagarana, Corpo de baile, Grande sertão: veredas, Primeiras estórias e Tutameia), lays predominantly on certain recurrent coordinates such as the narrative fiction, the rural space and the use of oral diction; (ii) the traditional impression that Guimarães Rosa recoiled from explicitly using his literature to intervene in the public debates of his time; (iii) the acknowledgement of the existence of numerous writings by the author, composed over his entire literary career and assembled only in posthumous editions, that, through our days, in their majority, attracted little critical attention; (iv) the presence in Rosa\'s literary archive of a not small number of unfinished narratives exhibiting different degrees of development; adopted those starting points this thesis aims to demonstrate how, in several of Guimarães Rosa\'s less read and scrutinized texts, and in some of those never disclosed as a result of their incomplete state, we can observe a rupture and discontinuation of the fundamental coordinates above mentioned, since they present greater exploration of discoursive genres diverse from the narrative fiction, the more prevalent incidence of the urban, the recourse of the cultivated register instead of the oral elocution (in addition to other tonal and formal modalizations and deviations in relation to Rosa\'s more traditional literature) and, at last, an active stance in respect to some current discussed issues. At the same time, we intend to reconnect these \"marginal\" and unfinished texts with the whole of the authors work, and identify in Guimarães Rosa\'s literary production, a dialect between the same and the other, between the repetition of established paradigms and the experimentation of new expressional solutions and strategies for the production of meaning, a variance that allows to build a more plural and expanded vision of the of writer that Guimarães Rosa was.

O crescente uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação a partir dos anos oitenta impulsionou no cenário arquivístico novas discussões em torno das questões de preservação e acesso aos arquivos, dentre outras. Neste contexto, a comunidade arquivística investiu no desenvolvimento de padrões e modelos para a descrição arquivística apresentando dentre os objetivos centrais a possibilidade de intercâmbio entre os arquivos e a ampliação do uso dos acervos. Contudo, este processo modelizador destituiu da descrição arquivística sua natureza de pesquisa, na medida em que não foi criado o devido espaço para a discussão teórico-metodológica pertinente a sua natureza. O problema atinge os arquivos em geral. Em nosso trabalho vamos analisar o impacto deste efeito modelizador e suas implicações no âmbito dos arquivos pessoais, uma vez que suas características mais específicas exigem do arquivista um trabalho de pesquisa detalhado em busca da reconstrução dos vínculos arquivísticos. / The increasing use of information and communication technologies since the 1980s has given an impulse to new discussions in the archival science field concerning digital preservation and access to archives, among other themes. In this context the community of archivists developed standards and models for archival description declaring as some of its aims the encouragement of the interchange between archives and the possibility of increasing the use of archive collections. However, this modeling process in fact deprived archival description of its research nature since it did not include or address the theoretical and methodological discussion pertinent to its own nature. This problem exists in all archives. In our work we will analise the impact of this modeling effect and its implications for personal archives, since they present more specific characteristics that demand from the archivist a more detailed research approach to reconstruct the archival bond.