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We have produced a process mapping and from there developed a document management plan for the research service at the Labour Movement Archives and Library (ARAB) in Stockholm, Sweden. The project was conducted during five weeks in the spring of 2011 at ARAB and the resulting classification structure and document plan has been formulated and presented to the staff at a seminar. We found that the institution in some cases were suffering from an inadequate documentation in a number of the identified processes, and also in their records management and archiving. In this additional memorandum follows an analyzing discussion of activity-based document- and archive management, e-archives and process mapping. We have accordingly tried to standardize the process of research services and contribute to a more adequate document management within the institution. The classification structure, document plan and process maps are attached as an appendix at the end of the thesis. This project is the result of our one year master's thesis in archival science.

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The subject of this master's thesis is how digitisation changes the understanding of textual archival matter. Drawing on document theory and media theory, the concept of digitisation is analysed as remediation, the repro - duction of one medium in another. A key theoretical assumption is that digitisation is not a neutral process, and conceptualising digitisation as remediation is a way of analysing the changed charasteristics of archival matter when represented in another medium. A tentative model for analysing remediated archival matter is presented, identifying three aspects or dimensions as crucial in understanding how remediation affects the interpretation of archival matter: the document dimension, the media dimension and the institutional dimension. The source material for this thesis are four instances of digitised archival material, each conceptualised and analysed as a case study. The four case studies are: a digitised archival volume from the archives of Swedish art museum Moderna Museet; the digitised typewritten manuscript of the poem ”De sju dödssynderna” (”The seven deadly sins”) by Swedish author and poet Karin Boye, available on the cultural heritage portal Alvin; a digitised handwritten notebook forming part of the manuscript for the novel To the Lighthouse by English author Virginia Woolf, available on the website Woolf Online; the digitised verdict from Swedish court of justice Kammarrätten (Administrative Court of Appeal) regarding the age rating for the film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part One. It is argued that the digitised archival material in each case study has the character of a digital facsimile, whose charasteristics are dependent upon choices made in its production as well as mode of presentation. It is further argued that the characteristics of each digital facsimile shape and mediate the understanding of the archi - val matter, and that some kinds of information, e. g. textual information, are more easily represented than others, e. g. material information. In the light of these results, the changing role of the archive and the possibilities of different kinds of rese - arch are discussed. The original value of this master's thesis lies in its further development of the concept of re - mediation as a concept in archival science as well as deepening the understanding of the interpretative fra - meworks surrounding digitised archival matter. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

This thesis aims to shed light on the collection of Oriental manuscripts at the Uppsala University Library Carolina Rediviva and how the collection is a part of the collective memory. The main question which is central for this thesis is: have orientalism and structures of power influenced the acquisition, arrangement and methods of accessability regarding the Oriental manuscripts? If yes, in what way and why? If no, how has this been avoided? The theoretical framework consists of four approaches: phenomenology, sociology of knowledge, orientalism and power which are applied to the archival concept of collective memory. The main source of material consists of three parts: the historical texts which gives an informational framework regarding the time and place in which the manuscripts were collected, the catalogues in which the manuscripts are described and the transcripted interviews alongside correspondence. Methodologically the thesis is based upon a qualitative method which also partly makes up the foundation for the main material. The methods used are interviews and text studies of manuscript catalogues, historical texts and exhibition catalogues. The usage of manuscript catalogues was, due to the limited time, restricted to one which is written in English, as for the informants they are limited to three. The result of this study shows that the historical foundation on which the Oriental manuscript collection came into existance rests on a basis consisting of orientalism and power structures. This foundation is somewhat reproduced in time and in some ways current regarding the arrangement and methods of accessability both in historical and contemporary approaches.

This thesis examines how images are used and evaluated in a Swedish archival context. Images as of today are very common in society. They are nearly everywhere, particularly in our phones and computers. Therefore the written word is slowly losing it's sovereignty as a carrier of information. With this background the study examines if the images role also have changed in an archival setting. The following work is a qualitative research study that examines three Swedish archives: the Regional State Archive in Uppsala, Swedish Labour Movement's Archives and Library in Stockholm and the Centre for Business History in Stockholm. Furthermore the study examines how the institutions organize images and how they make them accessible for the public. It also examines what role the image play as a carrier of information in the archive. In more general terms the study also investigates what function the image can have for people in society. The comparison of the archival institutions is a methodological foundation for this study. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with archivists from the three institutions and works as the main source. For the analysis this study uses document theory and a few concepts derived from Terry Cook's archival theory, namely evidence, memory, identity and community. In terms with the previous research made on the subject this study comes to the result that images have different terms for archiving than other materials, most specifically papers documents. The examined archival institutions are today using the same tools for organizing images as they use for other documents. This can have negative effects on the ability the image has as a carrier of information. In the long run this could cause the image to become a marginalized part of the archive as a whole. The conclusion this mater's thesis presents is that the image has a potential as a source of information. Especially for groups that aren't previously represented in the archive through traditional paper documents. The image may therefore contribute to the archival pluralism and diversity, as long as the images are treated with the terms they demand as an archival document. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival Science.

The focus of the thesis is to investigate how four university archivists perceive the functionality of the new Swedish process-oriented archival description system. University archivists are at the center of the study since the organizational structure of a university is process-oriented to some degree. However universities still have activities that are more challenging to view as processes, such as research. Universities were thus identified as a suitable candidate to analyze how process-oriented archival description functions in an environment that both is and is not clearly process-oriented. The research questions posed in this study are all related to the new archival description model, and archivists own experiences and views of the system. The main questions in the study concern the functionality of the system, its durability (if there is a repeated call for modification of the model), how the archival description system works with organizations that are not process-oriented, as well as if the system can operate as a finding aid in a long term perspective. The theoretical aim of the study is based around two different and sometimes contrasting views on the nature of archival records; namely the life cycle- and continuum-model. According to the life cycle-perspective records follow a linear-path from birth to death, reaching pre-destined pit stops along the way. The continuum theorists imagine records not as linear but as multifaceted, having multiple lives and never reaching a “death”-state. In Sweden, earlier research has shown that the life cycle-model has dominated the archival scene, but the new process-oriented archival description system could open up for a continuum-related approach. This study shows that no archivist made any statements that hinted in a continuum-way of thinking, and the results rather substantiated earlier research claiming the dominance of the life cycle-model. Investigation results show that three out of four archivists don’t believe that the archival description model is suitable for universities, as the organizational structure is not process-oriented. All of the archivists are struggling with describing activities as process-based, and three out of four archivists claim that description ends upcontrived. All archivists however concur that the positive effects of the system could result in government agencies increases transparency and accountability, but only if the system works as intended. The long term durability of the description model is also put in question from three out of four archivists. All archivists additionally regard the model as sensitive to organizational changes, and all universities are preparingfor and expecting numerous future modifications. The conclusion of the study is that the process-oriented archival description system is difficult to apply to organizations that have activities with unclear processes. The results furthermore indicate that the system needs continuous effort to maintain, due to the nature of ever changing organizations. As a finding aid the model is viewed as flawed, as the classification schema will be revised several times, which will certainly demand that the user have assistance in understanding the schema. All archivists claim that the archival function (and not the classification schema) of the university will be the main search tool for all users in the future.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the records management in an enterprise in the private sector. The thesis dis-cuss the process construction within the core business and how the employee interpreters its construction. Also the goals in the processes are discussed by their Quality Management System and what the employees sees as their goals in the processes. To understand how people manage their records the information culture is studied in different variations, for example in observations and in records management systems.The case study which has been examined is a multinational enterprise in the medical technology industry. The industry is characterized by regulations, such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Organi-zation of Standardization (ISO). To put the findings in the thesis in a perspective the Swedish process oriented archival description is used as a counterpoint, to highlight similarities and contradictions with the aim of develop-ing the different perspective in both private and public sector from an archival science point of view. The position-ing is organization theory with the aim of process orientation and different ways to perform a process description. As a method to understand the organization and how the core business is assembled, a process description was created based on both the enterprise's Quality Management System and the interviews performed. To overview the general records management in the enterprise, the employees were asked to perform a survey about their hab-its and point of views about records management.The result of the analysis shows that the enterprise's Quality Management System mainly describes their pro-cesses in a way to achieve quality, requirements and efficiency. And not in a way that helps the employee to pre-form records management in a sustainable and long-term way. A long-term storage is in this case study about 10 years after the product has been out of production and in some few cases more. The thesis has shown that in many cases, only adequate solutions occur in records management in the enterprise, and this attitude is part of the in-formation culture. Adequate solutions means that the enterprise still fulfills the regulations that FDA and ISO require. But the records management that's part of their daily work routines can improve to prevent human errors and to ensure the quality of long-term storage. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive studies.

In this paper, I have examined the records management functions during extraordinary events from the perspective of what is documented, archived and made available regarding voluntary staff participation. Work organization during extraordinary events, also called emergency prepardness system, is based on work resources from regular employees in state and local government and in addition voluntary human resources. Records management is essential for organizations and society to protect and preserve reliable documents that evidence that the measures implemented and to support future actions, decisions and lessons learned. I chosed to perform an instrumental case study on the forest fire in Västmanland 2014 to create an image of the records management in extraordinary events. The survey has been focused on how the volunteer staff have been included in the documentation and where and how much is retained and archived. The case study has been carried out on the basis of grounded theory with data processing and analysis of documents and interview responses. The results of data processing gave a picture that records management was deficient during the fire and also afterwards with archiving and accessibility. Various professional groups performed the documentation for different purposes, in different records management systems, but without common practice and no one had overall responsibility for records management. It is missing a lot of written documentation regarding the voluntary efforts of staff at the extraordinary event, both among non-governmental organizations NGOs, voluntary defence organizations and authorities. Documentation is available only to a small extent and with varying factual content which makes it impossible to get an overall picture and it is difficult to know where the documents are archived. A further analysis of the results from the grounded theory-processing and some policy documents generated suggestions for improvements to include volunteer staff into the documentation in extraordinary events. The proposals deals with: a coordinating organization given the task of coordinating the guidelines for records management so that they are applicable for extraordinary events, and customized for different scenarios of events and different types of organizations participating in the work; that the archive theoretical model records continuum is used in the creation of strategies; to observe the laws and regulations that concern records management and extraordinary events; to appoint a person responsible for records management of each organization in emergency preparedness system; that authorities, municipalities and county councils continually train and practice their regular staff, elected officials and voluntary agreements personnel in processes of records management during extraordinary events; to introduce a common archive authority that collects, preserve and provide documentation regarding the work of extraordinary events. / I den här uppsatsen har jag undersökt hur dokumenthanteringen fungerar vid extraordinära händelser utifrån perspektivet vad som dokumenteras, arkiveras och tillgängliggörs gällande frivilligpersonals medverkan. Arbetsorganisationen vid extraordinära händelser, även kallat  samhällets krisberedskap, är uppbyggd på arbetsresurser ifrån ordinarie anställd personal i stat och kommun samt därtill frivilliga personalresurser. Dokumenthantering är väsentligt för organisationer och samhället för att skydda och bevara tillförlitliga dokument som belägg för att åtgärder genomförts och som stöd för framtida åtgärder, beslut och lärdomar. Jag valde att utföra en instrumentell fallstudie på skogsbranden i Västmanland 2014 för att skapa en bild av dokumenthanteringen vid extraordinära händelser. Undersökningen har gällt hur frivillig-personal har inkluderats i dokumentationen samt var och hur mycket som finns bevarat och arkiverat. Fallstudien har genomförts utifrån grundad teori med databehandling och analys av dokument och intervjusvar. Resultatet från databearbetningen gav en bild att dokumenthante-ringen var bristfällig under branden och även efteråt med arkivering och tillgängliggörande. Olika yrkesgrupper utförde dokumentation för olika ändamål, i olika dokumenthanterings-system, utan gemensamma rutiner och ingen hade ett övergripande ansvar för dokument-hanteringen. Det saknas en hel del skriftlig dokumentation om frivilligpersonalens insats vid den extraordinära händelsen, både hos frivilligorganisationer, frivilliga försvarsorganisationer och myndigheter. Dokumentation finns bara i liten utsträckning och med varierande faktainnehåll vilket gör det omöjligt att få en helhetsbild och det är svårt att veta var dokumentation finns arkiverad. En fortsatt analys mellan resultatet från grundad teori-bearbetningen och några styrdokument genererade förslag till förbättringar för att dokumentation om frivilligpersonal ska bli inkluderad vid extraordinära händelser. Förslagen behandlar: att en samordnande instans får uppdraget att samordna riktlinjer för dokument-hanteringen så att de blir tillämpbara vid extraordinära händelser och anpassade för olika scenarion av händelser och olika typer av organisationer som deltar i arbetet; att arkivteoretiska modellen records continuum används i skapandet av strategier; att beakta de lagar och förordningar som finns för dokumenthantering och extraordinära händelser; att utse en ansvarig för dokumenthantering hos varje aktör inom samhällets krisberedskap; att myndigheter, kommuner och länsstyrelser kontinuerligt ska utbilda och tillsammans öva sin ordinarie personal, förtroendevalda och frivillig avtalspersonal i processer av dokumenthantering vid extraordinära händelser; att införa en gemensam arkivinstans som samlat kan bevara och tillhandahålla dokumentation gällande arbetet med extraordinära händelser.