Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-11-06T14:42:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juceliabarbosadasilva.pdf: 5387573 bytes, checksum: d7ba864889d911413adaa37b47b0dba9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:20:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juceliabarbosadasilva.pdf: 5387573 bytes, checksum: d7ba864889d911413adaa37b47b0dba9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:20:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juceliabarbosadasilva.pdf: 5387573 bytes, checksum: d7ba864889d911413adaa37b47b0dba9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A espécie vegetal Vernonia Condensata Baker (Asteraceae), tradicionalmente empregada para o alívio de diversas doenças, tais como distúrbios gástricos e hepáticos, e, ainda, em processos inflamatórios, foi foco deste estudo que buscou aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre o potencial biológico desta espécie. As folhas da mesma foram submetidas à extração a frio com etanol. O extrato (EE) assim obtido foi seco e ressuspendido, passando por um processo de partição líquidolíquido com solventes em ordem crescente de polaridade, originando as partições: hexânica (PH), diclorometânica (PD) e em acetato de etila (PA). A atividade hepatoprotetora foi avaliada in vivo. Para tal foram aplicados três modelos de indução de lesão hepática: paracetamol dose aguda, paracetamol doses repetidas e etanol dose aguda. Para o primeiro modelo foram testados o extrato etanólico e suas partições, observou-se inibição do dano hepático para os animais tratados com PA nas concentrações 50, 100 e 200 mg / kg, com a diminuição dos níveis das transaminases hepáticas, dos parâmetros lipídicos e ação antioxidante observada pelos ensaios de peroxidação lipídica e atividade das enzimas catalase e glutationa reduzida realizados no tecido hepático. Para o modelo de paracetamol em doses repetidas os animais foram tratados com PA nas concentrações 100 e 200 mg / kg, dado o perfil do tratamento não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os parâmetros bioquímicos dos diferentes grupos, porém foi possível verificar a atividade antioxidante da partição para este modelo. Para indução de lesão hepática aguda por etanol, observaram-se diferenças significativas para os níveis de transaminases hepáticas para os grupos tratados simultaneamente e após a indução com PA na concentração de 200 mg / kg. A atividade anti-inflamatória in vitro também foi testada frente a células RAW (macrófagos) para PA e os níveis de NO, IL- 6 e TNF- α foram dosados e observou-se redução significativa destes mediadores pró-inflamatórios. A atividade antibacteriana das amostras foi verificada pelos testes de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM), concentração bactericida mínima (CBM), checkerboard, análise da curva de crescimento, viabilidade celular e inibição da adesão do biofilme. Os resultados da CIM para PA indicaram moderada atividade antibacteriana para as cepas de S. aureus com resultados iguais ou inferiores a 625 µg / mL, apresentando, então, atividade bacteriostática. PA levou a diminuição da velocidade de crescimento das cepas de S. aureus bem como inibiu a adesão do biofilme. Em PA, que se mostrou mais promissora pelos ensaios realizados, foram identificados e quantificados por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a arranjo de diodo com padrões externos os flavonoides luteolina, apigenina e o composto fenólico ácido clorogênico. PA foi ainda fracionado e de uma das frações obtidas foi isolado, identificado e quantificado o ácido 1,5 – o- dicafeoilquínico. A presença destes pode justificar, em parte, as atividades observadas neste estudo. / Vernonia Condensata Baker (Asteraceae), traditionally used for the relief of several diseases, such as gastric and hepatic disorders, and also in inflammatory processes, was the focus of this study, which sought to deepen the knowledge about the biological potential of this species. The leaves were subjected to cold extraction with ethanol. The extract (EE) thus obtained was dried and resuspended, passing through a liquid-liquid partitioning process with solvents in increasing order of polarity, giving the partitions: hexane (PH), dichloromethane (PD) and ethyl acetate (PA). Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated in vivo. Three models of hepatic injury induction were applied: acetaminophen, acetaminophen, acetaminophen, acetaminophen and acetaminophen. For the first model the ethanolic extract and its partitions were tested, inhibition of hepatic damage was observed for the animals treated with PA at the concentrations 50, 100 and 200 mg / kg, with the reduction of hepatic transaminases levels, lipid parameters and antioxidant action observed by the lipid peroxidation assays and the activity of catalase and reduced glutathione enzymes performed in hepatic tissue. For the paracetamol model in repeated doses the animals were treated with PA at concentrations 100 and 200 mg / kg, given the treatment profile no significant differences were observed between the biochemical parameters of the different groups, however it was possible to verify the antioxidant activity of the partition for this model. For induction of acute hepatic injury by ethanol, significant differences were observed for hepatic transaminase levels for the groups treated simultaneously and after induction with BP at the concentration of 200 mg / kg. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was also tested against RAW (macrophages) PA cells and levels of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured and a significant reduction of these pro-inflammatory mediators was observed. The antibacterial activity of the samples was verified by tests of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), checkerboard, growth curve analysis, cell viability and inhibition of biofilm adhesion. The results of CIM for PA indicated moderate antibacterial activity for S. aureus strains with results equal to or less than 625 μg / mL, presenting bacteriostatic activity. PA led to a decrease in the growth rate of S. aureus strains as well as to inhibit biofilm adhesion. In PA, which was more promising for the tests performed, the flavonoids luteolin, apigenin and the chlorogenic acid phenolic compound were identified and quantified by means of high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array with external standards. PA was further fractionated and one of the fractions obtained was isolated, identified and quantified 1,5 - o - dicyclohexylic acid. The presence of these may justify, in part, the activities observed in this study.

The history of exploration is one of the great chapters in the history of mankind, which offers not only strong personal stories of desire and determination but is also related to the Great Powers policy. What stands in center of attention of this thesis is an institution established under the patronage of British king William IV, the aim of which was the promotion of geography and exploration of continents. The Royal Geographical Society has been among others distiguished in the support of expeditions which managed to map the sources of the Nile and contribute to a solution of one of the long term mysteries of the mankind.

Cette contribution, qui s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche-action menée sur différents terrains d’enquête, se propose, dans une perspective comparative, d’examiner les caractéristiques et l’apport de dispositifs ou de programmes de soutien et d’entraide mis en œuvre par des communautés locales africaines afin de prendre en charge de jeunes enfants victimes de sévices graves, livrés à eux-mêmes et en proie à la vulnérabilité ou à la maltraitance. Trois pays, en développement ou émergents, servent ici de support à l’argumentation : le Botswana, confronté au sida, à la famine et à la sècheresse ; le Liberia, meurtri par la guerre civile et son cortège de violences ; le Maroc, enfin, avec – en arrière-plan – la problématique de la pauvreté et l’évolution du statut de la femme. L’approche privilégiée, de type qualitatif, se situe au carrefour de la psychologie sociale et de la sociologie des représentations et des identités, la méthodologie retenue reposant sur une analyse classique en termes de forces et de faiblesses, d’opportunités et de blocages. Les relations de partenariat sont également à l’honneur, ainsi que le processus de mobilisation des ressources et les mécanismes de résilience. / This contribution, which is part of a research-action carried out on different fields of investigation, proposes, in a comparative perspective, to examine the characteristics and the contribution of devices or programs of support and self-help implemented by African local communities to care for children who are victims of severe trauma, including orphaned, abuse and poverty, who are left to their own capabilities or who are vulnerable to maltreatment.Three countries, developing or emerging, serve as support for this argument: Botswana, facing deaths from AIDS and famine and drought; Liberia, bruised by civil war and its continued violence; Morocco, finally, with - in the background - the problem of precarity and the evolution of the status of women.Our approach, both quantitative and qualitative, is at the crossroads of social psychology and the sociology of representations and identities. The chosen methodology is based on a classical analysis in terms of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and blockages. Partnership relationships are also honored, as is the resource mobilization process, and resilience mechanisms.

Syftet med projektet är att utveckla heuristiker lämpade för utvärdering av ett tidningsställ samt att testa dessa heuristiker genom att utföra en heuristisk utvärdering på två tidningsställ. Skapandet av nya heuristiker skedde iterativt i olika steg och granskades av utomstående personer under processen. Efter flera omskrivningar testades heuristikerna och deras relevansvärde i ett mindre test av tre försökspersoner. Efter att de nya heuristikerna färdigställts återstod det att utföra en formell heuristisk utvärdering av de båda tidningsställen utifrån de färdigställda heuristikerna. Den heuristiska utvärderingen som utfördes skedde i enlighet med Nielsens metod och även i enlighet med Baker et al. (2002). Med hjälp av heuristikerna lyckades försökspersonerna upptäcka alla tidigare upptäckta allvarliga problem och nästan alla tidigare upptäckta mindre allvarliga problem. Detta tyder på att heuristikerna var lämpade att användas till heuristiska utvärderingar av tidningsställ. Utvärderingen visade även att det finns en skillnad mellan de båda tidningsställena och att den nyare modellen är en klar förbättring över den gamla.

The evolution of African stateless societies and the diverse impact of their cultures, on political thought previous to and post-modernity, are not well understood. Scholars acknowledge the varied influence of precolonial African culture on the artistic, spiritual, and linguistic expressions of African-descended populations. However, observations regarding the impact of such acephalous societies on the political thought of the African Diaspora remain obscure. The organizational techniques of such societies are best described as a form of kinship-based anarchism. This study seeks to examine the persistence of such organizational techniques among African-descended populations in the United States. The political life and background of Ella Baker will be used as a historical case study to illustrate the possible strands of continuity that may exist between the organizational habitude of African acephalous societies, and modern African-American grassroots political structures.

This thesis analyzes Paul Colin’s 1927 portfolio of lithographs entitled Le Tumulte Noir as an expression of the simultaneously progressive, celebratory, racist, and colonialist ideas about jazz music, dance, and blackness in Paris during the 1920s. Because the portfolio often demonstrates conflicting tropes for representing people of African American descent, for example minstrelsy vs. New Negro imagery, this thesis uses several methods for investigating the ambivalence of the artwork and the culture in which it was produced. The double-coding of meaning presented by parody, calligrams, and self-division are central to this analysis of Colin’s representations of the “Charlestonesque epidemic” in Jazz Age Paris. Images from Le Tumulte Noir are nearly ubiquitous in literature on the Parisian Jazz Age, and this thesis contextualizes the form, content, and iconography of the lithographs in light of the social and artistic history of 1920s Paris.

My work concerns the divergent narratives created by fusing varied, often conflicting, textures, colors and fabrics, into a tenuous order. I intend for these otherwise clashing materials to create drama that is simultaneously enthusiastic, epic and ambiguous. While this media's formal properties re an important component of my work, the material's cultural and art-historical associations are also are critical ingredient. In this thesis, I will explore the use of the varied collage material, hierarchical compositions and contemporary influence of 19th Century Romantic themes as they relate to forming a variety of distinctly contemporary narratives in my compositions. I will investigate how my artistic point-of-view is informed by art-history, irony and the work of contemporary painters. Finally, I will discuss how my work engages a contemporary version of the Sublime.

Le travail de thèse contribue à établir des liens entre structures algébriques non-linéaires, décrites par des théories algébriques, et des structures algébriques linéaires, encodées par des algèbres sur une opérade linéaire. Pour les théories algébriques dont les modèles forment une catégorie semi-abélienne (ce qui inclut la plupart des structures intéressantes), un tel lien a été exhibé récemment par M. Hartl, au niveau des objets gradués associés à une nouvelle notion de suite centrale descendante des modèles d'une théorie donnée : il s'avère qu'ils ont une structure naturelle d'algèbre graduée sur une certaine opérade de groupes abéliens associée à la théorie. Le sujet de thèse s'inscrit dans le projet d'étendre ce lien au niveau global, c'est-à-dire d'établir des correspondances du type Mal'cev et Lazard dans le cas des groupes, à savoir entre les modèles nilpotents suffisamment radicables et les algèbres nilpotentes sur l'opérade linéaire correspondante (après tensorisation avec un sous-anneau des rationnels approprié). Ces correspondances jouent un rôle fondamental en théorie des groupes et commencent à faire leurs preuves en théorie des loops grâce au développement plus récent d'une théorie de Lie non-associative; on peut s'attendre à ce qu'il en soit de même dans un contexte plus général. Il est important de noter qu'aussi bien dans les correspondances classiques de Mal'cev et Lazard que dans leurs généralisations à des variétés multiples de loops (Moufang, Bruck, Bol etc.), le passage des algèbres (de Lie, de Mal'cev etc.) appropriées aux objets non-linéaires (groupes, voire loops) qui leur correspondent, est donné par une formule de Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff appropriée, déduite d'une étude de fonctions exponentielles et logarithmes. Dans la thèse, une nouvelle approche est développée pour construire une correspondance (en fait, une équivalence de catégories) du type Lazard entre une variété (dite aussi catégorie algébrique) 2- nilpotente 2-radicable (dans un sens approprié) C donnée et les algèbres sur une opérade symétrique unitaire linéaire et 2-nilpotente AbOp(C) dépendant de la variété, vivant dans la catégorie monoïdale des Z[1/2]-modules à gauche. L'anneau de fraction Z[1/2] apparaît car notre définition de 2-divisibilité d'objets de C se traduit par la condition de 2-divisibilité classique sur le premier terme de l'opérade. L'équivalence de type Lazard se construit grâce à la théorie des foncteurs polynomiaux (plus précisément quadratiques) et à la notion d'extension linéaire de catégories. L'idée principale est de chercher une équivalence quadratique (i.e un foncteur quadratique qui est une équivalence de catégories) entre une variété semi-abélienne 2-nilpotente 2-radicable donnée C et la catégorie des algèbres sur AbOp(C), que nous appellerons le foncteur de Lazard. La nouveauté principale de cette approche est de ne pas construire ce foncteur explicitement sur tous les objets et les morphismes, en utilisant une formule de BCH établie au préalable; mais au contraire de construire l'"ADN" du foncteur de Lazard, c'est-à-dire un ensemble de données minimales le caractérisant étudié dans ce travail de thèse, et d'en déduire une formule de type BCH dans notre contexte. Cette démarche devrait pouvoir se généraliser et ainsi fournir une approche nouvelle et intéressante même de la formule BCH classique. / The aim of this work consists of establishing the foundations and first steps of a research project which aims at a new understanding and generalization of the classical Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula with a conceptual approach, and its main application in group theory: refining a result of Mal'cev adapting the classical Lie correspondence to abstract groups, Lazard proved that the category of n-divisible n-step nilpotent groups is equivalent with the category of n-step nilpotent Lie algebras over the coefficient ring Z[1/2,…,1/n]. Generalizations to other algebraic structures than groups were obtained in the literature first for several varieties of loops (in particular Moufang, Bruck and Bol loops), and finally for all loops in recent work of Mostovoy, Pérez-Izquierdo and Shestakov. They invoke other types of algebras replacing Lie algebras in the respective context, namely Mal'cev algebras related with Moufang loops, Lie triple systems related with Bruck loops, Bol algebras with Bol algebras and finally Sabinin algebras with arbitrary loops. In each case, the associated type of algebras can be viewed as a linearization of the non-linear structure given by a given type of loops. This situation motivates a research program initiated by M. Hartl, namely of exhibiting suitable linearizations of all non-linear algebraic structures satisfying suitable conditions, namely all semiabelian varieties (of universal algebras, in the sense of universal algebra or of Lawvere). In fact, Hartl associated with any semi-abelian category C a multi-right exact (and hence multi-linear) functor operad on its abelian core. In the special case where C is a variety, this functor operad is even multicolimit preserving and by specialization is equivalent with an operad in abelian groups; the algebra type encoded by this operad provides a linearization of the given variety. Indeed, for each of the above-mentioned varieties of loops this algebra type coincides (over rational coefficients) with the one exhibited in the literature. These constructions and results are based on a new commutator theory in semi-abelian categories which itself relies on a calculus of functors in the framework of semi-abelian categories, both developed by Hartl in partial collaboration with B. Loiseau and T. Van der Linden. Now the project mentioned at the beginning constitutes the next major goal in this emerging general theory of linearization of algebraic structures: to generalize the Lazard equivalence and Baker- Campbell-Hausdorff formula to the context of semi-abelian varieties, and to deduce a way of explicitly computing the operad AbOp(C) from a given presentation of the variety C (more precisely, the operad obtained from AbOp(C) by tensoring its term of arity n with Z[1/2,…,1/n]). In the classical example of groups this would amount to deducing the structure of the Lie operad directly from the usual group axioms.

This thesis was assigned by the Department of German principally to learn through the study of the German newspapers of the day what influence the German-American population of Indiana might have had upon the election of Governor Conrad baker and also upon his whole administration as such; since Governor Baker was of German descent and the act, August 16, 1859, which provided when the German language should be taught in the common schools, also took effect when Baker was Governor of Indiana.

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'obtenir une démonstration effective d'un résultat de Cohen, Shiga et Wolfart, généralisant aux espaces de Siegel $\mathfrak{H}_{g}$ de degré $g$ quelconque le théorème classique de Schneider sur l'invariant modulaire $j(\tau)$. Un premier pas dans cette direction consiste, étant donnée une variété abélienne $\mathcal{A}$ définie sur $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$ et paramétrée par un point $\tau$ de l'espace de Siegel, à minorer $|||\tau-\beta|||$ où $\beta$ est un point algébrique de l'espace de Siegel, en fonction des données géométriques du problème. C'est ce qui est réalisé ici, en affinant des outils d'indépendance linéaire de logarithmes de la méthode de Gel'fond-Baker.