• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 257
  • 117
  • 104
  • 21
  • 14
  • 10
  • 6
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • 4
  • Tagged with
  • 643
  • 149
  • 94
  • 86
  • 84
  • 84
  • 82
  • 81
  • 80
  • 75
  • 57
  • 57
  • 53
  • 50
  • 46
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
441

Bifurkace v matematických modelech v biologii / Bifurcation in mathematical models in biology

Kozák, Michal January 2013 (has links)
Stationary, spatially inhomogenous solutions of reaction-diffusion systems are studied in this thesis. These systems appears in biological models based on a Tu- ring's idea of a diffusion driven instability. In the connection, a global behaviour of bifurcation branches of these stationary solutions is analyzed. The thesis in- sists on theory of differential equations and on (particularly topological) methods of nonlinear analysis. The existence, as well as non-compatness in one-dimensional space, of a bifurcation branch of general reaction-diffusion system leading to Tu- ring's efekt is proved. Further, a priori estimates of Thomas model are derived. The results tend to theorem, that forall diffusion coefficient from the preestab- lished set there exists at least one stacionary, spacially nontrivial solution of Tho- mas model.
442

Prototypage rapide des artères carotides et étude de l'évolution du vortex au niveau de la bifurcation carotidienne par caméra rapide et IRM / Rapid prototyping of the carotid arteries and study of the vortex evolution at the carotid bifurcation using high-speed camera and MRI

Cao, Peng 10 March 2014 (has links)
La carotide est une artère très importante, car elle a pour fonction, principale avec le tronc basilaire d'irriguer le cerveau. Le flux sanguin dans cette région est complexe durant un cycle cardiaque. Les différentes formes de flux et en particulier le vortex ont rarement été discutés auparavant, et le battement de la paroi n'est pas pris en compte. Ce travail de thèse est une contribution pour comprendre l'évolution du vortex et les éléments qui l'influencent, en particulier les battements de parois, pour une recherche expérimentale au niveau de modèles de la bifurcation carotidienne. Les fantômes de carotide avec une transparence et une élasticité des parois artérielles proches de la réalité ont été réalisés par la technique de prototypage rapide. La description des phénomènes de flux et de vortex ont été réalisée dans les fantômes rigide et souple des carotides essentiellement de deux manières : longitudinalement par caméra rapide et transversalement par IRM. Une plateforme économique de PIV a été établie pour quantifier précisément le comportement du vortex avec des vecteurs de vitesse. Une méthode de segmentation de région de vortex et une analyse quantitative ont été mises au point pour étudier leur évolution durant le cycle cardiaque par IRM. La reproductibilité du vortex a été validée par une approche statistique. Les paramètres influençant le comportement des vortex dans les fantômes souple et rigide ont été étudiés. Enfin, une étude de faisabilité sur les vortex dans les fantômes en forme de carotide réelle a été réalisée pour la première fois. / The carotid artery is very important because its main function, with the basilar artery, is to irrigate the brain. The blood flow in this region is complex during a cardiac cycle. The various shapes of flow, in particular, the vortex, has rarely been discussed before and the beating of the arterial wall has not been taken into account. This thesis is a contribution to understand the evolution of the vortex and its factors, in particular the beating of arterial wall in experimental research at the carotid bifurcation. The elastic carotid phantoms with transparency and similar elasticity to real arterial walls properties have been made by rapid prototyping technique. The descriptions of vortex in the rigid and elastic carotid phantoms have been studied in two ways : longitudinal by a high-speed frame camera and tranversal by MRI sequences. An economic PIV platform that can accurately quantify the vortex by velocity vectors has been mounted. Asegmentation method to quantify and analyze the area of the vortex has been developed to study its evolution during the cardiac cycle by MRI. The reproducibility of the vortex has been validated by a statistical approach. The parameters influencing the behavior of vortex have been investigated in rigid and elastic phantoms. At the end, the study of vortex in real-carotid-shaped phantom has been tested for the first time.
443

Dinâmica relativística de partículas em torno de objetos ultracompactos / Relativistic dynamics of particles around ultracompact objects

Klën, Wayner de Souza 29 July 2019 (has links)
Nesta dissertação de mestrado o problema da estabilidade de geodésicas do tipo luz e do tipo tempo é estudado sobre o ponto de vista do formalismo de sistemas dinâmicos. Uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre aspectos importantes de sistemas dinâmicos contínuos no tempo é realizada, bem como uma sucinta revisão de tópicos de interesse em relatividade geral. As equações de movimento para as geodésicas são deduzidas para geometrias com simetria esférica, e o caso Schwarzschild é inicialmente analisado. Em seguida, analisamos o caso das geometrias proposta por Casadio, Fabbri e Mazzacurati e um caso de buraco de minhoca assintoticamente de Sitter. A caracterização dos pontos fixos dos sistemas de interesse é feita, e a sua estabilidade é analisada sob a ótica dos métodos de Lyapunov e Jacobi, assim como bifurcações foram mapeadas. A fotosfera é caracterizada como um ciclo limite, sendo um ponto fixo estritamente instável no espaço de estados de buracos negros. A análise dos buracos de minhoca revelam a existência de uma fotosfera estável em determinadas regiões do espaço de parâmetros do sistema / In this dissertation, the problem associated with the stability of timelike and null geodesics is studied from the dynamical system point of view. A succinct bibliographical review covering important aspects of time-continuous dynamical systems is made, and a short review about some topics of interest of general relativity is also presented. The geodesic equations of motion are shown for geometries with spherical symmetry, and the Schwarzschild case is first analyzed. In the following, we analyze the geometries proposed by Casadio, Fabbri, and Mazzacurati and an asymptotically de Sitter wormhole case. The characterization of the fixed points of the system is performed, and their stability is studied from the perspective of the Lyapunov and Jacobi methods, as well as the bifurcation analysis. The photon sphere is characterized as a limit cycle, being a strictly unstable fixed point in the state space of the system. The wormhole analysis reveals the existence of a stable photon sphere in certain regions of the parameter space of the system
444

Bifurcações em PLLs de terceira ordem em redes OWMS. / Bifurcations on 3rd order PLLs in OWMS networks.

Marmo, Carlos Nehemy 23 October 2008 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo das equações diferenciais nãolineares que descrevem o sincronismo de fase nos PLLs de 3ª ordem que compõem redes OWMS de topologia mista, Estrela Simples e Cadeia Simples. O objetivo é determinar, através da Teoria de Bifurcações, os valores ou relações entre os parâmetros constitutivos da rede que permitam a existência e a estabilidade do estado síncrono, quando são aplicadas, no oscilador mestre, duas funções de excitação muito comuns na prática: o degrau e a rampa de fase. Na determinação da estabilidade dos pontos de equilíbrio, sob o ponto de vista de Lyapunov, a existência de pontos de equilíbrio não-hiperbólicos não permite uma aproximação linear e, nesses casos, é aplicado o Teorema da Variedade Central. Essa técnica de simplificação de sistemas dinâmicos permite fazer uma aproximação homeomórfica em torno desses pontos, preservando a orientação no espaço de fases e possibilitando determinar localmente suas estabilidades. / This work presents a qualitative study of the non-linear differential equations that describe the synchronous state in 3rd order PLLs that compose One-way masterslave time distribution networks with Single Star and Single Chain topologies. Using bifurcation theory, the dynamical behavior of third-order phase-locked loops employed to extract the syncronous state in each node is analyzed depending on constitutive node parameters when two usual inputs, the step and the ramp phase pertubations, are supposed to appear in the master node. When parameter combinations result in non hyperbolic synchronous states, from Lyapunov point of view, the linear approximation does not provide any information about the local behavior of the system. In this case, the center manifold theorem permits the construction of an equivalent vector field representing the asymptotic behavior of the original system in the neighborhood of these points. Thus, the local stability can be determined.
445

Sincronismo em redes mestre-escravo de via-única: estrela simples, cadeia simples e mista. / One-way master-slave synchronization networks: single star, single chain and mixed.

Marmo, Carlos Nehemy 31 July 2003 (has links)
Neste trabalho, são estudados os problemas de sincronismo de fase nas redes mestre-escravo de via única (OWMS), nas topologias Estrela Simples, Cadeia Simples e mista, através da Teoria Qualitativa de Equações Diferenciais, com ênfase no Teorema da Variedade Central. Através da Teoria das Bifurcações, analisa-se o comportamento dinâmico das malhas de sincronismo de fase (PLL) de segunda ordem que compõem cada rede, frente às variações nos seus parâmetros constitutivos. São utilizadas duas funções de excitação muito comuns na prática: o degrau e a rampa de fase, aplicadas pelo nó mestre. Em cada caso, discute-se a existência e a estabilidade do estado síncrono. A existência de pontos de equilíbrio não-hiperbólicos, não permite uma aproximação linear, e nesses casos é aplicado o Teorema da Variedade Central. Através dessa rigorosa técnica de simplificação de sistemas dinâmicos é possível fazer uma aproximação homeomórfica em torno desses pontos, preservando a orientação no espaço de fases. Desse modo, é possível determinar, localmente, suas estabilidades. / This work presents stability analysis of the syncronous state for three types of one-way master-slave time distribution network topologies: single star, single chain and both of them, mixed. Using bifurcation theory, the dynamical behavior of second-order phase-locked loops employed to extract the syncronous state in each node is analyzed in function of the constitutive parameters. Two usual inputs, the step and the ramp phase pertubations, are supposed to appear in the master node and, in each case, the existence and stability of the syncronous state are studied. For parameter combinations resulting in non hyperbolic synchronous states, the linear approximation does not provide any information, even about the local behaviour of the system. In this case, the center manifold theorem permits the construction of an equivalent vector field representing the asymptotic behaviour of the original system in the neighborhood of these points. Thus, the local stability can be determined.
446

Efeito de não linearidades estruturais na resposta aeroelástica de aerofólios / Effect of structural nonlinearities in the aeroelastic response of airfoils

Pereira, Daniel de Almeida 04 August 2015 (has links)
A aeroelasticidade estuda a interação mútua entre os efeitos aerodinâmicos e estruturais. É sabido que essa relação muitas vezes se comporta de maneira não linear, causando diversos problemas, tais como flutter, oscilações em ciclo limite, bifurcações e caos. Tais fenômenos são difíceis de serem diagnosticados, podendo causar problemas graves à estrutura das aeronaves e também inviabilizar as suas operações. Dentre as principais fontes de não linearidades em sistemas aeroelásticos, pode-se citar as de origem aerodinâmica e estrutural. As de origem estrutural, por sua vez, podem ter caráter distribuído ou concentrado. Sabe-se que os efeitos estruturais concentrados denominados enrijecimento e folga são os de maior impacto na aeroelasticidade não linear. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a interação não linear entre duas não linearidades estruturais, ou seja, o enrijecimento associado à rigidez em torção e a folga presente nas articulações das superfícies de controle de seções típicas aeroelásticas. Experimentos em túnel de vento são realizados utilizando um dispositivo que permite variar a intensidade do efeito de enrijecimento e do tamanho da folga na articulação da superfície de comando. O modelo numérico de seção típica aeroelástica também é utilizado e validado com dados experimentais. Análises por meio de diagramas de bifurcação de Hopf e técnicas baseadas em espectros de potência são utilizadas. Todas as respostas aeroelásticas foram caracterizadas através de ferramentas de análise nos domínios do tempo e da frequência, como técnica de reconstrução de espaço de estados e os espectros de alta ordem (HOS), os quais são importantes na identificação dos tipos de acoplamentos não lineares. Resultados indicam que a combinação dos efeitos de enrijecimento e folga são responsáveis pelo comportamento subcrítico das bifurcações de Hopf e que a intensidade do enrijecimento tem influência direta nas amplitudes de ciclo limite. / Aeroelasticity is the field of engineering that deals with the mutual interaction between the aerodynamic and structural dynamics effects. It is known that this relationship often shows nonlinear behavior, causing various problems such as flutter, limit cycle oscillations, bifurcations and chaos. Such phenomena are difficult to predict and can cause serious problems to the aircraft structure and also they can jeopardize their operations. The unsteady aerodynamic and structural dynamics provide the main sources of nonlinearities in aeroelastic systems. Structural nonlinearities can be treated as distributed or concentrated effects. It is know that the nonlinear concentrated structural effects referred as hardening and freeplay have a significant impact on nonlinear aeroelasticity. The objective of this work is to analyze an aeroelastic system under the influence of combined structural nonlinearities, i.e., the hardening nonlinearity in the pitch airfoil motion and the freeplay nonlinearity in the control surface hinge. Wind tunnel experiments are carried out using one device that allows to vary the intensity of the hardening effect and the size of the freeplay gap in the control surface hinge. The numerical model of the typical aeroelastic section is also used and validated with experimental data. All aeroelastic responses are characterized by analytical tools in time and frequency domains. It was used the state space reconstruction technique and the higher order spectral analysis (HOS) to identify types of nonlinear couplings. The results indicate that the combination of hardening and freeplay effects are responsible for inducing the subcritical behavior on the Hopf bifurcations and that the intensity of the stiffness has a direct influence on the limit cycle amplitudes.
447

Perturbando Sistemas Não-Lineares, uma Abordagem do Controle de Caos / Perturbing non-linear systems, an approach to the control of chaos.

Baptista, Murilo da Silva 14 November 1996 (has links)
Inicialmente, consideramos o mapa Logístico com os vários fenômenos nele presentes, para depois, ao perturbarmos esse mapa, adicionando periodicamente um termo de amplitude constante, identificarmos os novos fenômenos e as alterações que a introdução da perturbação faz aparecer. Apresentamos o circuito eletrônico de Matsumoto e, em seguida, o consideramos em um regime caótico perturbado por uma tensão elétrica senoidal externa. A introdução desta perturbação faz o circuito permanecer caótico, tornar-se periódico ou quasi-periódico no toro de duas frequências. Aplicamos diversos métodos de controle de caos a três sistemas (mapa Logístico, mapa de Hénon e circuito de Matsumoto). Para a estabilização de uma órbita periódica, consideramos os métodos de Ott-Grebogi-Yorke (OGY), de Romeiras, de Pyragas, de Sinha, de Singer e de H¨ubbler. Para o direcionamento da trajetória para um ponto de equilíbrio, usamos o método de Sinha. Para a transferência da trajetória para um dos atratores coexistentes no sistema de Matsumoto, usamos o método de Jackson-H¨ubbler (OPCL). Usando um conjunto de pertubações constantes em um parâmetro previamente escolhido, mostramos como é possével dirigir rapidamente uma trajetória, de qualquer um dos três sistemas considerados nesta tese, para um determinado alvo. Além disso, é mostrado como esse método pode ser aplicado experimentalmente. / Initially, we consider the Logistic map with its many non-linear phenomena. Then, we use this knowledge to discern new phenomena that shall appear when the map is perturbed, that is the Logistic map perturbed by a periodic and constant term. The Matsumoto\'s circuit is presented and, after we set this circuit to behave chaotically, we perturb it with a sinoidal wave, characterized by its frequency and amplitude. This perturbation is responsible for the appearence of a quasi-periodic and periodic oscillations, or the maintenance of chaos. We presented and applied many methods for controlling chaotic oscillations in three systems (the Logistic and Henon maps, and the Matsumoto\'s circuit), showing many ways for stabilizing a periodic orbit, using the methods of Ott-Grebogi-York (OGY), Romeiras, Singer, Sinhas and Huebbler. For targeting the trajectory to a equilibrium point, the Sinha\'s method was used. To transfer the system trajectory from one to another of the coexisting attractors presented in the Matsumoto\'s circuit, we use the Jackson-Huebbler (OPCL) method. Using a set of constant perturbations, in a previously chosen parameter, we showed how we can rapidly direct a trajectory of any of the considered three systems to a aimed target. Besides, it is shown how this method can be experimentally applied.
448

Bifurcation analysis of regulatory modules in cell biology

Swat, Maciej J. 13 January 2006 (has links)
Das Kernstueck der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Betonung von kleinen Modulen als Schluesselkomponenten von biologischen Netzwerken. Unter den zahlreichen moeglichen Modulen scheinen besondere diejenigen interessant zu sein, welche die Rueckkopplungen realisieren und in regulatorischen Einheiten auftreten. Prozesse wie Genregulation, Differentiation oder Homeostasis benoetigen haeufig Autoregulation. Auf Grund dessen ist die detaillierte Kenntnis der dynamischen Eigenschaften von kleinen Modulen von groesserem Interesse. Es werden zwei biologische Systeme analysiert. Das erste beschaftigt sich mit dem Zellzyklus, das zweite Beispiel kommt aus der Immunologie und betrifft die Aktivierung von T-Zellen. Beide Modelle, d.h. ihre zugrundeliegende Netzwerke, lassen sich in Untereinheiten mit wohldefinierten Funktionen zerlegen. Diese Module entscheiden ueber das Verhalten des gesamten Netzwerkes. Mit anderen Worten, die von den Modulen getroffenen Entscheidungen, werden von dem gesamten System uebernommen. Bei der Analyse des Modells zum Zellzyklus wurde eine interessante Eigenschaft von gekoppelten Modulen deutlich, die wir dann getrennt behandelt haben. Seriell geschaltete Module mit positiver Rueckkopplung liefern ueberraschende Konstruktionsmoeglichkeiten fuer Systeme mit mehreren stabilen Gleichgewichtslagen. Obwohl nicht alle hier aufgestellten Hypothesen derzeit experimentell ueberpruefbar sind, es kann eine wichtige Aussage getroffen werden. Uebereinstimmende Strukturen und Mechanismen, die in verschiedenen biologischen Systemen vorkommen, bieten uns die Moeglichkeit einer Klassifizierung von biologischen Systemen bezueglich ihrer strukturellen Aehnlichkeiten. / The thesis emphasizes the importance of small modules as key components of biological networks. Especially, those which perform positive feedbacks seem to be involved in a number of regulatory units. Processes like gene regulation, differentiation and homeostasis often require autoregulation. Therefore, detailed knowledge of dynamics of small modules becomes nowadays an important subject of study. We analyze two biological systems: one regarding cell cycle regulation and one immunological example related to T-cell activation. Their underlying networks can be dissected into subunits with well defined functions. These modules decide about the behavior of the global network. In other words, they have decision taking function, which is inherited by the whole system. Stimulated by the cell cycle model and its interesting dynamics resulting from coupled modules, we analyzed the switching issue separately. Serial coupling of positive feedback circuits provides astonishing possibilities to construct systems with multiple stable steady states. Even though, in current stage, no exact experimental proof of all hypotheses is possible, one important observation can be made. Common structures and mechanisms found in different biological systems allow to classify biological systems with respect to their structural similarities.
449

Nonlinear dynamics of semiconductor lasers with active optical feedback

Bauer, Stefan 01 July 2004 (has links)
Dynamische Effekte in Halbleiterlasern aufgrund aktiver optischer Rückkopplung werden untersucht. Basierend auf Laserstrukturen mit verteilter Rückkopplung wird ein neuer Lasertyp entwickelt. Durch Experimente und ergänzende Simulationen wird ein umfassender Überblick der Dynamik dieses neuen Lasertyps gegeben. Zuerst werden die grundsätzlichen Veränderungen der Laserdynamik durch verzögerte optische Rückkopplung diskutiert. Es zeigen sich Hysterese- und Pulsationsphänomene. Ursprung der Pulsationen sind entdämpfte Relaxationsoszillationen und Modenschwebungen. Die Pulsationsphänomene werden anhand von integrierten Mehrsektionslasern mit passiver und aktiver optischer Rückkopplung untersucht. Es zeigt sich, daß nur Laser mit aktiver Rückkopplung die vollständige Kontrolle von Rückkoppelphase und -stärke erlauben, und damit den Zugang zum gesamten Spektrum der Laserdynamik mit sehr kurzer Verzögerungszeit bieten. Anhand des Lasertyps mit aktiver Rückkopplung wird eine umfassende Bifurkationsanalyse durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse einer numerischen Untersuchung werden durch umfangreiche Experimente verifiziert. Sattel-Knoten-, Hopf- und Torus-Bifurkationen organisieren das Bauelementverhalten. Die Koexistenz von entdämpften Relaxationsoszillationen und Schwebungspulsationen erlaubt die Untersuchung von internen Synchronisationsphänomenen, Resonanzen und chaotischer Dynamik. Der Einfluß spontaner Emission auf die Laserdynamik zeigt sich am Beispiel rauschinduzierter Vorläufer einzelner Bifurkationen sowie am Übergang zwischen den beiden Pulsationsphänomenen. Abschließend wird die Anwendung des Lasers mit integriert-aktiver Rückkopplung als optischer Taktregenerator bei einer Datenrate von 40 Gbit/s demonstriert. Arbeitspunkte mit koexistierenden Oszillatoren und ganzzahligem Frequenzverhältnis eignen sich darüber hinaus zur rein optischen Frequenzteilung im GHz-Bereich. / Dynamical effects in semiconductor lasers due to active optical feedback are investigated. A novel laser type based on distributed feedback structures is developed and realized. Experiments as well as simulations give a comprehensive overview on the nonlinear dynamics of this laser type. First, the fundamental modifications of the solitary laser dynamics due to delayed optical feedback in the very short feedback cavity regime are discussed. Hysteresis effects and pulsation phenomena due to undamped relaxation oscillations and mode beating are identified. These oscillation types are experimentally confirmed by multi-section lasers with integrated passive and active feedback. It turns out that only the active feedback laser (AFL) allows for the full control of feedback phase and strength, enabling the access to the whole spectrum of laser dynamics in the very short delay limit. A complete bifurcation analysis for the AFL is presented. Results obtained in a numerical path-following study are verified by extensive experiments. Saddle-node, Hopf and torus bifurcations are identified to organize the device behavior. The coexistence of undamped relaxation oscillations and mode beating in the strong feedback regime allows for the experimental investigation of resonances, mutual locking and chaotic behavior. The modification of the laser dynamics by spontaneous emission noise is shown with the example of noisy precursors and irregular dynamics at the transition between the two oscillation types. Finally, the applicability of the AFL for optical clock recovery is demonstrated at a data rate of 40 Gbit/s. Operation points with coexisting oscillations and rational frequencies are shown to be suited for all-optical frequency division in the GHz range.
450

Singularidades e teoria de invariantes em bifurcação reversível-equivariante / Singularities and invariant theory in reversible-equivariant bifurcation

Baptistelli, Patricia Hernandes 17 July 2007 (has links)
A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar resultados para o estudo sistemático de sistemas dinâmicos reversíveis-equivariantes, ou seja, em presença simultânea de simetrias e antisimetrias. Este é o caso em que o domínio e as equações que regem o sistema são invariantes pela ação de um grupo de Lie compacto Γ formado pelas simetrias e anti-simetrias do problema. Apresentamos métodos de teoria de Singularidades e teoria de invariantes para classificar bifurcações a um parâmetro de pontos de equilíbrio destes sistemas. Para isso, separamos o estudo de aplicações Γ-reversíveis-equivariantes em dois casos: auto-dual e não auto-dual. No primeiro caso, a existência de um isomorfismo linear Γ-reversível-equivariante estabelece uma correspondência entre a classificação de problemas Γ-reversíveis-equivariantes e a classificação de problemas Γ-equivariantes associados, para os quais todos os elementos de Γ agem como simetria. Os resultados obtidos para o caso não auto-dual se baseiam em teoria de invariantes e envolvem técnicas algébricas que reduzem a análise ao caso polinomial invariante. Dois algoritmos simbólicos são estabelecidos para o cálculo de geradores para o módulo das funções anti-invariantes e para o módulo das aplicações reversíveis-equivariantes. / The purpose of this work is to present results for the sistematic study of reversible-equivariant dynamical systems, namely in simultaneous presence of symmetries and reversing simmetries. This is the case when the domain and the equations modeling the system are invariant under the action of a compact Lie group Γ formed by the symmetries and reversing symmetries of the problem. We present methods in Singularities and Invariant theory to classify oneparameter steady-state bifurcations of these systems. For that, we split the study of the ¡¡reversible-equivariant mapping into two cases: self-dual and non self-dual. In the first case, the existence of a Γ-reversible-equivariant linear isomorphism establishes a one-toone correspondence between the classification of Γ-reversible-equivariant problems and the classification of the associated Γ-equivariant problems, for which all elements in Γ act as symmetries. The results obtained for the non self-dual case are based on Invariant theory and involve algebraic techniques that reduce the analysis to the invariant polynomial case. Two symbolic algorithms are established for the computation of generators for the module of anti-invariant functions and for the module of reversible-equivariant mappings.

Page generated in 1.7307 seconds