Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as representações sociais sobre população de rua existentes no jornal Boca de Rua, veículo de comunicação comunitária produzido por moradores de rua da cidade de Porto Alegre desde o ano 2000. Para que fosse possível uma compreensão mais ampla das representações construídas pelos integrantes do projeto comunicacional, foram analisadas as matérias principais de oito edições do jornal, publicadas entre 2000 e 2009, bem como as representações sociais elaboradas nos discursos individuais de quatro integrantes entrevistados. Como referencial teórico, adotou-se a teoria das representações sociais, proposta pelo psicólogo social Serge Moscovici. A reflexão sobre a situação dos moradores de rua foi baseada principalmente nas ideias de exclusão, conforme pensada por Bader Sawaia, dessemelhança, proposta por Marcel Bursztyn e Cristovam Buarque, redundância, de acordo com Zygmunt Bauman, e estigma, concebida por Erving Goffman. A análise dos jornais selecionados foi realizada a partir da análise de conteúdo seguida por Laurence Bardin, de modo que os trechos dos textos foram enquadrados em três grandes categorias previamente determinadas: pontos de vista e relacionamentos, vida nas ruas e meios de comunicação. Às representações percebidas nos textos foram somadas as idéias sobre população de rua identificadas nas entrevistas. Através deste estudo, pôde-se perceber que, ao encontrarem espaço para participação na produção de um veículo de comunicação, os moradores de rua buscam apresentar suas opiniões e reivindicações, tornando clara a noção de que a vida nas ruas consiste em dificuldades de sobrevivência física, devido à fome, ao frio e às doenças, e também em dificuldades de relacionamento com o restante da população. Ao mesmo tempo em que apontam seus problemas, procuram se afirmar como seres humanos e cidadãos com capacidade de organização e convivência com os outros grupos sociais. É notável, ainda, que os meios de comunicação em geral são pouco tematizados nas reflexões encontradas nas matérias e nas falas dos integrantes. Salienta-se, por fim, que as representações dos moradores de rua como pessoas sem oportunidade de trabalho e como usuários de drogas recebem significativo espaço na análise, estando presentes em mais de uma das categorias utilizadas. / This work aims to identify the homeless population social representations at Boca de Rua newspaper, a communitarian communication vehicle written by homeless people from Porto Alegre since 2000. For allowing a wider understanding of the representations constructed by the communicational project participants, we analyzed eight newspaper editions main subjects, published between the years 2000 and 2009, as well as the social representations elaborated by four interviewed participants on their individual speeches. The social representation theory proposed by the social psychologist Serge Moscovici was adopted as theoretical referential. The reflection about homeless population situation was based mainly on the ideas of exclusion, as thought by Bader Sawaia, unsimilarity, proposed by Marcel Bursztyn and Cristovam Buarque, redundancy, accordingly Zygmunt Bauman, and stigma, conceived by Erving Goffman. The selected newspapers analyses was accomplished based on the content analyses followed by Laurence Bardin, classifying the texts extracts in three large categories previously determined: viewpoints and relationships, life in the streets and communication media. The representations perceived in the texts were added to the homeless population ideas identified in the interviews. Throughout this study, it was possible to comprehend that the homeless population, when being able of participating of a communication vehicle production, attempt to present their opinions and solicitations. It clarifies the notion that life in the streets consists of physical survival difficulties, due to hunger, cold and diseases, and also due to relationship difficulties with the rest of the population. Simultaneously they point their problems, they aim to affirm themselves as human beings and citizens with skills of organization and acquaintance with other social groups. It is notable, moreover, that general communication media is infrequently mentioned in the reflections found in the analyzed newspapers subjects and participants speeches. Finally, it is pointed out that the homeless population representations as people without job opportunities and as drug users have a significant space in the analyses, being present in more than one of the utilized categories.

RESUMO Proposta de um método prático para avaliação do poder de neutralização existente na cavidade oral.A prevenção da doença cárie ainda é uma das principais metas da Odontologia. Considerando a multifatoriedade de sua etiologia, torna-se necessário o conhecimento do maior número de informações possíveis a respeito do paciente para que o cirurgião-dentista possa estabelecer um plano de tratamento preventivo individualizado a seus pacientes. A saliva, devido a suas várias funções, apresenta grande importância no combate a patogênese da doença. A análise da capacidade tampão é de extrema importância para que se possa prever o risco do paciente ao desenvolvimento da doença cárie. Vários testes têm sido utilizados para a determinação da capacidade tampão salivar, sendo que alguns exigem equipamentos laboratoriais e outros, mais simplificados, que permitem a utilização no consultório odontológico. A proposta do presente trabalho foi desenvolver um método prático para determinação do poder neutralizante existente na cavidade oral. O método proposto consiste na realização de bochecho com 10 ml de Coca-cola® durante 30 segundos, por parte dos 50 participantes (crianças, adolescentes e adultos) e determinação da variação do pH entre a mistura saliva + Coca-cola® e o pH inicial do refrigerante. Foram realizados dois métodos de determinação da capacidade tampão salivar – titulação com ácido lático e o método simplificado Dentobuff Strip® -e, após teste de correlação entre o método de neutralização proposto e os dois testes descritos acima foi encontrada correlação estatisticamente significante entre o método proposto e a titulometria com ácido lático (Pearson=0,304;p=0,032). Porém em relação ao Dentobuff Strip® não foi verificada correlação estatisticamente significante. De acordo com a proposta da metodologia apresentada nesta pesquisa, foi encontrada uma média de neutralização da saliva após o bochecho com o refrigerante, de 23,8% (dp=16,5) até o pH crítico do esmalte (5,5) e considerando o pH fisiológico da saliva em torno de 7,0, a neutralização até este valor foi de 17% (dp=12,4). Diante dos resultados foi possível concluir que o método desenvolvido apresentou-se prático e satisfatório para avaliação da capacidade de neutralização existente na cavidade oral e pode ser utilizado como mais um recurso para predição do risco de cárie do paciente. / SUMMARY Caries prevention remains one of the main goals in dentistry. Since caries is a multifactorial disease, it becomes necessary to obtain all possible information about the patient during anamnesis. Hence, the professional is able to establish an individual preventive treatment for each patient. Saliva bears several functions in the oral cavity; consequently, it is an important host factor that modifies the caries process. Saliva buffering capacity is one of the important factors usually taken into account to predict the individual caries risk. Several tests have been applied to identify this saliva function. Some of them require laboratorial features, whereas others are easy to handle, and can be applied at dental offices. The purpose of the present study was to develop a practical method to assess the neutralizing power inherent of the oral cavity. The methodology was based on a rinse of Coke Ô for 30 seconds, performed by 50 subjects (including children, teenagers and adults), followed by the assessment of pH variation between the initial sample of soft drink and the final mixture (saliva + Coke Ô). Along with this method, two other well known buffer capacity tests were performed – titration with lactic acid and Dentobuff Strip®. We found statistically significant correlation between the proposed method and the titration with lactic acid (Pearson=0.304;p=0.032). On the other hand, there was no significant correlation between the proposed method and the test using Dentobuff Strip®. According to our results, the mean saliva neutralizing power after soft drink rinse, considering the cases of the critical enamel pH (5.5) and physiological saliva pH (7.0), were 23.8% (sd=16.5) and 17.0% (sd=12.4), respectively. The proposed method was practical and reliable to assess the neutralizing power of oral cavity and may be an additional technique to predict caries risk.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-15T18:46:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Everton Behrmann Ara?jo.pdf: 1423459 bytes, checksum: 9b5b526aa101dee0b8bbf5102e36bd71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T18:46:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Everton Behrmann Ara?jo.pdf: 1423459 bytes, checksum: 9b5b526aa101dee0b8bbf5102e36bd71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / This paper has as its objective, analyze of the discursive constructions over the press about the power and sociable relations developed in the urban space inside the city of S?o Paulo between the 1950?s and 60?s specifically at "Boca do Lixo" a place that is known starting in the 1950?s for dwelling a variety of marginalized people, where it has been established new forms of organizations and a code of conduct (manner) that insulted the moral of its time. Our work, starting from the concept over Michel Foucault?s speech, seeks the attempting toward the press act on silencing the voices of the people that lived on and used the spaces of ?Boca do Lixo?, counter parting the discursive constructions of the press about the memories of those residents, particularly, Hiroito de Moraes Joanides? one, a maladrando (kind of trickster or bohemian) that has lived at this region and writes in 1973 a self-biography, rich in details about that very region. This relate will be thought as a different form of telling about a local History, a version ?against the grain? about the happenings and the daily lives at "Boca do Lixo". / Este trabalho busca analisar as constru??es discursivas na imprensa sobre rela??es de poder e sociabilidades desenvolvidas no espa?o urbano da cidade de S?o Paulo entre 1950 ? 1960, mais especificamente a "Boca do Lixo", lugar que ficou conhecido a partir dos anos 1950 por abrigar uma variedade de marginalizados, onde foram estabelecidas formas de organiza??o e c?digos de conduta que insultavam a moral vigente. Nosso trabalho, partindo da concep??o acerca do discurso de Michel Foucault, busca atentar para o ato da imprensa em silenciar as vozes de moradores e praticantes da Boca do Lixo, contrapondo as constru??es discursivas da imprensa sobre o local com as mem?rias de moradores, e em particular, com a de Hiroito de Moraes Joanides, malandro que viveu no local e que escreve em 1973 uma autobiografia rica em detalhes sobre a regi?o. Esse relato ser? pensado enquanto uma outra forma de contar a hist?ria do local, uma vers?o "a contrapelo" sobre os acontecimentos e o cotidiano da Boca do Lixo.

La caries dental y la gingivitis son las enfermedades más prevalentes en niños y debido a su carácter crónico, la enfermedad avanza con la edad si no se hacen esfuerzos para controlar su progresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el perfil epidemiológico de niños de 2-5 años de edad de un distrito de Lima. Es un estudio descriptivo transversal, en 118 niños de dos Instituciones Educativas Estatales del distrito de Santiago de Surco-Lima en el año 2010. Al examinar a cada niño se evaluaron las lesiones cariosas, según los registros de la OMS, para el IHO el Índice de placa de Silness Löe, y para la gingivitis el índice gingival de Löe y Silness. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de caries del 77.9%, la prevalencia de gingivitis fue del 55% y la del Índice de Higiene Oral tuvo un promedio de 1, lo cual lo ubica en un promedio de higiene regular. Conclusión: La población estudiada tiene niveles de caries dental mayores o iguales a lo que manifiestan otros estudios, siendo el sexo femenino el que evidencio mayores índices de caries, gingivitis e Índice de higiene oral lo cual dificultará alcanzar las metas mundiales trazadas por la OMS/OPS para niños menores de 5 años de edad. / Dental caries and gingivitis are the most prevalent diseases in children because of its chronic nature, the disease progresses with age if no efforts are made to control its progression. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of children aged 2-5 years in the district of Lima. We conducted a cross sectional study in 118 children in two educational institutions in the district of Santiago de Surco-Lima. Carious lesions were evaluated in each child, as recorded by WHO. For the IHO we used the Löe Silness plaque index, and for gingivitis we used the Löe and Silness.index. Results: The prevalence of caries of 77.9%, the prevalence of gingivitis was 55% and the Oral Hygiene Index had an average of 1, which places it in an average of regular hygiene. Conclusion: The population studied had dental caries levels greater or equal to other studies show, being the females who evidenced higher rates of caries, gingivitis and oral hygiene index. / Tesis

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la actividad antibacteriana del aceite esencial de Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray “arrayan” frente a Streptococcus mutans. Se empleó el método de disco-difusión en agar. La cepa fue reactivada en placa de Tripticasa Soya Agar (TSA), incubada a 37 ºC por 24 horas en microaerofilia. Se tomaron 5 colonias y se transfirieron a un tubo de ensayo con 5 mL de caldo Müller-Hinton, incubada a 37 ºC por 6 horas en microaerofilia hasta obtener una turbidez equivalente al 0.5 de la escala de Mc Farland. El sembrado se realizó en 14 placas con agar Müller-Hinton mediante la técnica de difusión, utilizando el aceite esencial en concentraciones de 10, 50 y 100%, y se procedió a la incubación en microaerofilia a 37 ºC por 24 horas. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa STATA Versión 12. Las concentraciones al 10, 50 y 100% presentaron un halo de inhibición promedio de 6.28, 7.88 y 8.66 mm respectivamente, la diferencia de promedios entre estas tres concentraciones mostró diferencia estadísticamente significativa (P<0.05). Se concluye que las tres concentraciones del aceite esencial de Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray “arrayan”, presentan actividad antibacteriana frente a Streptococcus mutans. / --- The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray "myrtle" against Streptococcus mutans. The disk-diffusion method in agar was used. The strain was reactivated in Trypticase Soy agar plate (TSA), incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours in microaerophilic. 5 colonies were picked and transferred to a test tube with 5 mL of Mueller-Hinton broth, incubated at 37 °C for 6 hours under microaerophilic conditions until a turbidity equivalent to 0.5 Mc Farland scale. Seeding was performed on 14 plates with Mueller-Hinton agar by diffusion technique, using the essential oil in concentrations of 10, 50 and 100%, and the incubation proceeded in microaerophilic at 37 ºC for 24 hours. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA Version 12 program. Concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 % had a halo of inhibition average of 6.28, 7.88 and 8.66 mm respectively, the mean difference between these three concentrations showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). We conclude that the three concentrations of the essential oil of Luma chequen (Molina) A. Gray "myrtle", exhibit antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, myrtle, antibacterial activity. / Tesis

La caries dental y la gingivitis son las enfermedades más prevalentes en niños y debido a su carácter crónico, la enfermedad avanza con la edad si no se hacen esfuerzos para controlar su progresión. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar el perfil epidemiológico de niños de 2-5 años de edad de un distrito de Lima. Es un estudio descriptivo transversal, en 118 niños de dos Instituciones Educativas Estatales del distrito de Santiago de Surco-Lima en el año 2010. Al examinar a cada niño se evaluaron las lesiones cariosas, según los registros de la OMS, para el IHO el Índice de placa de Silness Löe, y para la gingivitis el índice gingival de Löe y Silness. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia de caries del 77.9%, la prevalencia de gingivitis fue del 55% y la del Índice de Higiene Oral tuvo un promedio de 1, lo cual lo ubica en un promedio de higiene regular. Conclusión: La población estudiada tiene niveles de caries dental mayores o iguales a lo que manifiestan otros estudios, siendo el sexo femenino el que evidencio mayores índices de caries, gingivitis e Índice de higiene oral lo cual dificultará alcanzar las metas mundiales trazadas por la OMS/OPS para niños menores de 5 años de edad. Palabras Clave: ceod – CPOD - Enfermedad Periodontal - Caries Dental, Índice de Higiene Oral - Índice de löe y Silness – niños menores de 5 años. / Dental caries and gingivitis are the most prevalent diseases in children because of its chronic nature, the disease progresses with age if no efforts are made to control its progression. The objective of this study was to identify the epidemiological profile of children aged 2-5 years in the district of Lima. We conducted a cross sectional study in 118 children in two educational institutions in the district of Santiago de Surco-Lima. Carious lesions were evaluated in each child, as recorded by WHO. For the IHO we used the Löe Silness plaque index, and for gingivitis we used the Löe and Silness.index. Results: The prevalence of caries of 77.9%, the prevalence of gingivitis was 55% and the Oral Hygiene Index had an average of 1, which places it in an average of regular hygiene. Conclusion: The population studied had dental caries levels greater or equal to other studies show, being the females who evidenced higher rates of caries, gingivitis and oral hygiene index. Key Words: ceod – CPOD - Periodontal Disease - Dental Caries - Oral Hygiene Index - löe y Silness index - children aged 2-5 years.

El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar los cambios producidos por la quimioterapia en la actividad microbiana bucal, determinando los cambios de los niveles de Estreptococo mutans, Lactobacilo y pH salival. La muestra estuvo conformada por 30 pacientes mujeres entre 30 y 60 años de edad con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, 3 pacientes fueron excluidos del estudio. Las muestras se tomaron en vasos estériles, luego se transportaron hacia el laboratorio de microbiología de la facultad de odontología de la UNMSM donde se procesaron para hallar la actividad microbiana mediante el kit de riesgo de caries. Los resultados no mostraron un aumento significativo (p>0.05) en las CFU de Estreptococo mutans, Lactobacilo y pH salival antes de la primera y el después del tercer tratamiento quimioterapéutico. No hay cambios por el tratamiento quimioterapéutico en la actividad microbiana bucal en pacientes mujeres diagnosticaos con cáncer de mama. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes for the chemotherapy in the microbiology bucal activity, to determine the modifications of Streptococci mutans, Lactobacillus and salivary pH. The sample comprised 30 woman patients between 30 and 60 year of age, diagnosed with cancer of mama, 3 patients was out of the study. The sample was carried in sterile cup and transported to microbiology laboratory of the odontology faculty of the UNMSM. Microbiological evaluation and saliva pH were carried out before the first and after the third chemotherapeutic treatment, using the kit of risk of dental caries. The result didn’t show a significant increase (p>0.05) in mutans S treptococci CFU, Lactobacillus and salivary pH (microbiology bucal activity) before the first and after the third chemotherapeutic treatment. There aren’t changes for the chemotherapeutic treatment in the microbiology bucal activity in woman patients diagnosed with cancer of mama.

No description available.

Opening-mode fracture shapes are typically the result of brittle deformation and proportional growth in fracture height, length, and width. Based on the typical fracture shape, it is assumed that fracture tips are free to propagate in all directions. Some natural rock fractures have been shown to form as a result of slow non-elastic deformation processes. Such fractures may propagate to a finite length or height and accommodate further growth by aperture widening only. To determine the growth conditions of a fracture in the Triassic-Jurassic La Boca Formation of northeastern Mexico and to test fracture growth models, I combined fluid inclusion microthermometry and SEM-based cathodoluminescence cement texture analysis to determine the relative timing of fracture cement precipitation and related fracture opening for five samples collected along its trace. Fracture growth initiated at a minimum age of 70 Ma as two separate fractures with branching fracture tips that coalesced to a single continuous fracture under prograde burial conditions at a minimum age of 54 Ma. At this stage, fracture growth was accommodated by both propagation (i.e. increase in trace length) and by an increase in aperture during maximum burial and early exhumation. Samples collected at the fracture tips recorded temperatures reflecting fracture opening starting with maximum burial at a minimum age of 48 Ma at one tip and of 38 Ma at the other tip. Synkinematic fluid inclusions in crack-seal cement track continued fracture opening close to the fracture tips without a concurrent increase in trace length after 38 Ma until about 21 Ma. I attribute the observed change in fracture growth mechanism to a change in material response. The stage in aperture increase without propagation corresponds to an increase in elastic compliance or in non-elastic flow properties. Non-elastic flow can be attributed to solution-precipitation creep of the host rock. Dissolution of host quartz grains and subsequent quartz precipitation is consistent with the abundance of quartz fracture cement formed during exhumation. Cement textures from fractures in the La Boca Formation mimic those found in subsurface core, which allows application of the results to a variety of geologic environments. / text

El fútbol ya es algo más que una actividad deportiva. En la actualidad, es un negocio en el cual están presentes muchas partes. Barcelona, Boca Juniors, Real Madrid y Manchester United son ya marcas a nivel mundial y realizan importantes actividades comerciales. Esto les ha significado grandes beneficios económicos. Con la internacionalización de su marca, el Club Atlético Nacional de Medellín (Colombia) podría tener presencia en Latinoamérica y Estados Unidos y así tener aumento en sus ingresos y reconocimiento deportivo.