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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Comparação da susceptibilidade de bovinos das raças Jersey e Gir à acidose láctica ruminal, induzida experimentalmente com sacarose / Studies on the susceptibility of Jersey (Bos taurus) and Gir (Bos indicus) steers to rumen lactic acidosis induced experimentally with sucrose

Maruta, Celso Akio 06 June 2000 (has links)
Foram utilizados neste experimento quatro garrotes Jersey (J) e quatro Gir (G), providos de cânula ruminal. Dois meses antes da indução da acidose láctica ruminal (ALR), os animais foram alimentados com dieta padronizada a base de feno e concentrado. A ALR foi induzida experimentalmente por meio da administração de sacarose intraruminal, correspondente ao peso metabólico corrigido, segundo técnica descrita por ORTOLANI (l995). Colheitas de sangue, suco de rúmen, urina, fezes e exames clínicos foram realizados nos seguintes momentos após a indução: zero, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 e 24 horas. O pH e as concentrações de ácido láctico total, D e L e de seus sais foram determinados em todos os materiais biológicos colhidos. No sangue foram avaliados o hematócrito, os exames gasométricos e a concentração de creatinina; esta última substância também foi determinada na urina. Após a última colheita, todo o conteúdo ruminal foi completamente retirado para a determinaçãodo seu volume. Os bovinos de ambas as raças apresentaram marcante e idêntica acidose ruminal, não ocorrendo diferença no pH e na concentração de ácido láctico total, L e D no suco de rúmen. A acidose metabólica sistêmica foi moderada em ambas as raças, porém esta foi mais intensa nos bovinos J, confirmada pelas menores concentrações médias de bicarbonato e TCO2 (P < 0,00001) e pelo menor pH sangüíneo, (p < 0,025). Os garrotes J absorveram maiores quantidades de ácido láctico total e do isômero D; este último apresentou correlação negativa com o pH sangüíneo nesta raça (r = -O,78). Os garrotes G apresentaram maior capacidade homeostática de manutenção de pH sangüíneo no final da indução, provavelmente pela maior metabolização do lactato-L. Entretanto, os mesmos animais tiveram maior grau de desidratação, evidenciado pelas maiores porcentagens de hematócrito e de déficit de volume plasmático (p < 0,00001). Nessa raça ocorreu uma menor filtração glomerular, demonstrada pela maior concentração sérica de creatinina (p < 0,00001), menor depuração deste catabólito (p < 0,003) e menor volume urinário estimado (p < 0,05). Não ocorreram diferenças significativas no pH fecal entre as raças estudadas. Houve correlação negativa entre a concentração de lactato total fecal e o correspondente pH (r = - 0,65). / Four Jersey (J) and four Gir (G) rumen-cannulated steers were used. The steers were fed, for two months before the beginning of the rumen lactic acidosis (RLA) induction, a standard diet of hay and concentrates. The RLA was induced experimentally through the administration of sucrose into the rumen, according to the corrected metabolic weight, after ORTOLANI (1995). Blood, rumen fluid, urine, and fecal samples were collected and clinical examination carried out in the following times after the induction: zero, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 and 24 hours. The pH, the total lactic acid and its L and D isomers were determined in all samples. The hematocrit, acid-base variables and the creatinine concentration were determined in the blood samples; creatinine was also determined in the urine samples. All the rumen content was evacuated in order to evaluate its volume at the 24th h. A intense rumen acidosis was reached; no differences in the rumen fluid pH and in the concentration of the total lactic acid and its isomers were found in both studied breeds. A moderate level of systemic metabolic acidosis was reached in both breeds, but lower overall mean of bicarbonate and TCO2 (p < 0.0001) as well as blood pH (p < 0.025) were found in the J steers. These steers absorbed higher amounts of total lactic and its D isomer than the G animals; the higher the blood D-lactate concentration, the lower the blood pH (r = - O.78) in the former breed. Better blood pH homeostasis were kept, at the end of induction, by the G steers, probably by their higher efficiency to metabolize L-lactate. However, the G steers exhibited a higher level of dehydration as seen by the greater hematocrit and plasma volume deficit (p < 0.00001). They also presented a lower glomerular filtration as evidenced by the higher creatinine serum levels (p < 0.00001), its lower urinary clearance (p < 0.003) and the lower estimated urinary volume (p < 0.05). There were no differences in the fecal pH values presented by both breeds. There was a negative correlation between the fecal total lactate concentration and the fecal pH (r = - 0.65).
32

A influência de raça, sexo e idade ao abate sobre a qualidade da carne de Nelore e Braford / Influence of breed, sex and age on carcass characteristics and beef quality of Nellore and Braford cattle

Nogueira, Kátia Leal 16 February 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de raça, sexo e idade sob algumas características da carne, principalmente maciez, de bovinos machos e fêmeas, das raças Nelore e Braford aos 24 e 36 meses. Cento e oitenta e sete animais foram abatidos e coletados os dados de peso e pH carcaça quente. Após 24 horas de resfriamento calcularam-se o pH 24 horas, o rendimento de carcaça quente, a área de olho de lombo e a espessura de gordura. Retirou-se uma amostra do m. Longissimus dorsi de cada carcaça, as quais foram maturadas por 7 dias para as análises de perda de água por exsudação e perda de água por cocção e força de cisalhamento. A raça, idade e sexo influenciaram o peso da carcaça quente, o pH 24 horas, a área de olho de lombo, a espessura de gordura, a perda de água por cocção e a força de cisalhamento. A raça não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça quente e o sexo não causou efeito sob o pH carcaça quente e perda do exsudado. Constatou-se que as fêmeas Braford apresentaram carnes mais macias que a Nelore, porém entre os machos não houve diferença entre as duas raças. Também animais mais jovens apresentaram carnes mais macias quando comparado aos de maior maturidade. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed, sex and age on various carcass traits in beef, principally tenderness in steers and heifers of Braford and the Nellore breeds between the age of 24 and 36 months. One hundred and eighty seven animals were slaughtered and data for carcass weight and pH were collected. Following a 24 hours chilling period pH was measured together with the carcass yield, rib eye area and fat depth were also taken. Samples were from the Longissimus dorsi of each carcass were taken and thus aged for 7 days and then analyzed for purge, cooking losses and shear force value. Breed, age and sex influenced weights of hot carcass, 24 hour pH, rib eye area, fat depth, cooking losses and shear force. Breed did not however influence the hot carcass yield and sex did not cause any effect on the pH of hot carcasses or purge losses. It was noted that Braford heifers presented meat of superior tenderness than that of the Nellore, however between steers no difference was detected. Animals of the younger age groups also produced beef more tender than these from the older age groups.
33

Estudo de associação genômica para habilidade de permanência no rebanho na raça Nelore, considerando diferentes idades /

Silva, Diogo Osmar January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque / Resumo: A habilidade de permanência no rebanho (HPR) é medida tardiamente na vida do animal. Com isso, quando esta característica é usada como critério de seleção, o intervalo de geração, definido como a média de idade dos pais ao nascimento da progênie, tende a aumentar, provocando a diminuição do ganho genético. A mensuração das fêmeas em uma idade mais precoce seria uma forma de contornar este problema. Neste sentido, um melhor entendimento das regiões genômicas envolvidas na expressão desta característica em diferentes idades/partos é necessário. O objetivo com o presente estudo foi, então, identificar regiões genômicas associadas à HPR medida em diferentes partos de fêmeas da raça Nelore. Considerando apenas fêmeas com idade ao primeiro parto de até 40 meses, os fenótipos para HPR foram gerados observando se cada fêmea teve oportunidade de permanecer no rebanho do segundo ao oitavo parto, de maneira que cada vaca poderia ter até sete observações para HPR. Ao final, o banco de dados possuía 195.452, 161.261, 130.236, 103.043, 79.844, 62.663 e 47.045 fêmeas com fenótipos para o segundo, terceiro, quarto, quinto, sexto, sétimo e oitavo parto, respectivamente. Do total de animais no banco de dados, 3.849 (2.720 fêmeas e 1.129 touros) apresentavam informações genotípicas de 472.640 marcadores do tipo SNPs (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip). Ao todo, foram realizadas sete análises uni-características, considerando modelos thresholds com função de ligação probit. A metodologia do single-step... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Stayability (STAY) is a trait measured late in the animal's life. Thus, when this trait is used as selection criteria, the generation interval, defined as the parents average age at the progeny birth, tends to increase, causing a decrease in the genetic gain. Measuring females at an earlier age could be a way to circumvent this problem. In this sense, a better understanding of genomic regions involved in the expression of this trait at different ages/calving is necessary. The objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions associated with STAY measured in different calving of Nelore females. Considering only females that had their first calving up to 40 months of age, the phenotypes for STAY were generated by observing whether each female had the opportunity to remain in the herd from the second to the eighth calving, in such a way that each cow could have up to seven records. The final dataset had 195,452, 161,261, 130,236, 103,043, 79,844, 62,663 and 47,045 females with phenotypes for the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth calving, respectively. In total, 3,849 (2,720 females and 1,129 bulls) animals from the whole dataset used in the analyses had genotypic information of 472,640 SNPs (Illumina BovineHD BeadChip) markers. In total, seven single-trait analyzes were performed considering threshold animal models with probit link function. The single-step GBLUP methodology was used to estimate variance components for STAY at each calving as w... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
34

Estudo da dinâmica folicular no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios com o uso de um novo dispositivo de liberação sustentada de progesterona, associado ou não ao eCG, em ovelhas Santa Inês / Study of follicular dynamics during nine day estrus synchronization protocol using a new progesterone sustained release device, associated or not with eCG, in Santa Inês ewes

Barros, Marina Berrettini Paes de 08 March 2010 (has links)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da dinâmica folicular da ovelha Santa Inês no protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios, com e sem a administração do eCG, utilizando um novo dispositivo intravaginal de silicone Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). No experimento 1, dez ovelhas receberam o dispositivo vaginal no D0, retirada no D9 e aplicação de 0,4mL de d-cloprostenol. Os exames ultrassonográficos foram diários, desde D-3 da colocação do dispositivo vaginal até o D9 e a partir deste, de 12 em 12 horas até a ovulação. Concomitantemente ao experimento 1, as coletas de sangue foram realizadas entre as ovelhas que receberam o dispositivo (grupo GP, n=10) e àquelas em estado fisiológico (grupo GF, n=12). No experimento 2, nove ovelhas receberam igual tratamento do experimento 1 e 250UI de eCG na retirada do dispositivo. Os exames ultrassonográficos para o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular ocorreram de 12 em 12 horas do D9 até a ovulação. Neste experimento, o sangue foi coletado em dias intervalados desde D-1 até D13. No experimento um, a emergência folicular ocorreu em 8,5 dias ± 16 horas após a colocação do dispositivo vaginal. As ovelhas entraram e saíram do cio, respectivamente, 45,6 ± 12,71h e 72 ± 12,96h após a retirada do mesmo e a ovulação ocorreu em 73 ± 14,38 h. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 3,48 ± 0,28 mm e do ovulatório de 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, diferindo significativamente (p=0,006) entre o primeiro e o segundo folículo ovulatório e entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,77 ± 0,34mm) ou dupla (4,83 ± 0,18mm) ovulação (P=0,003). A taxa de crescimento no período foi 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/dia). No experimento 2, o estro iniciou-se às 36 ± 6,4h, finalizou às 81 ± 8,46h com a ovulação em 74,3 ± 7,56 h após a retirada do dispositivo vaginal. O diâmetro inicial médio do folículo foi de 4,04 ± 0,78 mm e do ovulatório de 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, diferindo significativamente entre o primeiro folículo de animais com simples (5,91± 0,27mm) ou dupla (5,2 ± 0,22mm) ovulação (P=0,007). A taxa de crescimento folicular no período foi de 0,66 ± 0,43 mm ao dia. No experimento 1, o dispositivo Primer-PR® elevou a concentração plasmática de progesterona do grupo GP a 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, enquanto o grupo fisiológico (GF) ficou em 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL no mesmo período. No experimento 2 a concentração plasmática de progesterona durante a permanência do dispositivo vaginal foi de 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. Conclui-se que foi possível realizar o acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular dentro do protocolo de nove dias de sincronização de cios na ovelha Santa Inês e que o novo dispositivo utilizado foi eficiente em sincronizar a emergência da onda folicular ovulatória. / The present study aimed the assessment of follicular dynamics in Santa Inês ewes during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol, with or without the administration of eCG, using a new intravaginal silicon device, Primer-PR® (Tecnopec Brasil). In Experiment 1, ten ewes received the vaginal device on D0, which was removed on D9 and received 0,4mL of d-cloprostenol. Ultrasound exams were performed daily, since D-3 of the device placement until D9 and every 12 hours thereafter, until ovulation. During Experiment 1, blood samples were taken from the ewes that received the device (grupo GP, n=10) and the ewes that were in physiological state (grupo GF, n=12). In Experiment 2, nine ewes received the same treatment in Experiment 1 and 250UI of eCG on the day of the device removal. Ultrasound exams for follicular development were performed every 12 hours starting on D9 until ovulation. Blood samples were taken every other day from D-1 until D13. In Experiment 1, follicular emergence occurred in 8,5 days ± 16 hours after the vaginal device placement. The ewes started and ended estrus at, respectively, 45,6 ± 12,71h and 72 ± 12,96h after device removal and ovulation was detected in 73 ± 14,38 h. The mean initial follicle diameter was 3,48 ± 0,28 mm and the mean ovulatory follicle diameter was 5,22 ± 0,72 mm, being statistically different (p=0,006) between the first and second ovulatory follicle and between the first follicle of single ovulation (5,77 ± 0,34mm) or double ovulation individuals (4,83 ± 0,18mm) (P=0,003). The follicular growth rate during this period was 0,73 ± 0,43 (mm/day). In Experiment 2, estrus started at 36 ± 6,4h, ended at 81 ± 8,46h with ovulation occurring in 74,3 ± 7,56 h after the vaginal device removal. The mean initial follicle diameter was 4,04 ± 0,78 mm and the mean diameter ovulatory follicle was 5,40 ± 0,59 mm, differing statistically between the first follicle of single ovulation individuals (5,91± 0,27mm) or double ovulation individuals (5,2 ± 0,22mm) (P=0,007). Follicular growth rate during the period was 0,66 ± 0,43 mm per day. In Experiment 1, Primer-PR® device increased plasmatic progesterone concentration in group GP to 6,56 ± 2,32 ng/mL, whereas physiological group (GF) had 3,8 ± 2,69 ng/mL during the same period. In Experiment 2 plasmatic progesterone concentration throughout the vaginal device use was 11,50 ± 3,11ng/mL. It can be concluded that it was possible to perform ultrasound evaluation of follicular dynamics during the nine day estrus synchronization protocol in Santa Inês ewes and that the new device used was efficient in synchronizing the emergence of ovulatory follicular wave.
35

Influência da conformação corpórea e da freqüência cardíaca nos parâmetros ecodopplercardiográficos em cães das raças Teckel e Labrador Retriever / Influence of body conformation and heart rate in mode-M and Doppler echocardiographic parameters in Teckel and Labrador Retriever dogs

Barbusci, Luciana de Oliveira Domingos 01 July 2005 (has links)
Ecodopplercardiografia é o estudo do coração e grandes vasos por meio da ultra-sonografia, no qual são obtidas informações importantes de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo sobre o sistema cardiovascular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da conformação corpórea e da freqüência cardíaca nos parâmetros ecodopplercardiográficos de cães das raças Teckel e Labrador Retriever e comparar as diferenças obtidas entre as duas raças. Foram utilizados 16 cães da raça Teckel, 4 machos e 12 fêmeas, com idades entre 2 e 7 anos e peso corpóreo entre 5 e 10 kg e 16 cães da raça Labrador Retriever, 5 machos e 11 fêmeas, com idades entre 2 e 7 anos e peso corpóreo entre 25 e 42 kg, sem alterações cardiovasculares (previamente verificadas através da anamnese, exame físico, radiografia do tórax, eletrocardiografia e mensuração da pressão arterial). Após a obtenção dos resultados dos parâmetros em modo M e Doppler para cada raça, concluiu-se que o estudo ecodopplercardiográfico nas raças Teckel e Labrador sugere valores de referência para cada raça, que a freqüência cardíaca exerceu influência sobre as medidas de tempo de enchimento ventricular para ambas as raças. Com relação às medidas corpóreas observou-se que a altura do animal foi a variável que mais correlacionou-se com as medidas ecodopplercardiográfica nos cães da raça Teckel, enquanto que nos cães da raça Labrador foram peso, superfície corpórea e comprimento do animal. As diferenças observadas entre as duas raças sugerem que a raça é fator determinante na aferição das mensurações ecodopplercardiográficas e que não só o peso do animal deve ser considerado como índice de referência para o estudo ecodopplercardiográfico em cães. / Ecocardiography is the study of the heart and great vessels through ultrasounds that allows qualitative and quantitative cardiovascular evaluation. The objective of this work was to suggest mode-M and Doppler echocardiographic parameters for Teckel and Labrador Retriever dogs and to evaluate the influence of body conformation and heart rate in these parameters. A total of 16 Teckel dogs, 4 males and 12 females, from 2 to 7 years in age, bodyweighting from 5 to 10 kg and 16 Labrador Retriever dogs, 5 males and 11 females, from 2 to 7 years in age, bodyweighting from 25 to 42 kg, without any cardiovascular disease (verified by means of anamnese, physical exams, radiography, electrocardiography and arterial blood pressure measurement previously) were used. By the body and conformation size mensurations and echocardiographic evaluation, it was possible to obtain M mode and Doppler reference values and correlated them with heart rate and body size measurements. The heart rate correlated with the ventricular filling time in both of breeds. Animal height was the parameter that most correlated to the ecodopplercardiographic parameters in Teckel dogs and body weight, body surface area and animal lenght were the indices that most correlated to Labrador dogs.
36

A identidade negra nas imagens do livro didático de história através do olhar dos/as alunos/as.

Oniesko, Paola Clarinda de Freitas 22 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-05-23T19:14:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Paola Clarinda de Freitas Oniesko.pdf: 3315335 bytes, checksum: e76b405ea9ef1042ef45e27008f49ddb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-23T19:14:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Paola Clarinda de Freitas Oniesko.pdf: 3315335 bytes, checksum: e76b405ea9ef1042ef45e27008f49ddb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / A presente pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública da cidade de Ponta Grossa/PR. Envolveu oito alunos/as do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental-anos finais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram perceber como se dá a recepção dos/as alunos/as diante da composição imagética do livro didático de história que utilizam; analisar a construção das identidades raciais através das imagens do livro didático de história do 8º ano da coleção “História.doc” do PNLD 2017; e compreender os impactos que a análise do livro didático de história proporcionou nas identidades raciais dos alunos/as. Para isso, busquei responder às seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: Qual é a percepção dos/as alunos/as diante da composição imagética do livro didático de história no que concerne à construção das identidades raciais? Como são construídas as identidades raciais através das imagens do livro didático de história do 8º ano da coleção “História.doc”, do PNLD 2017, de uma escola estadual da cidade de Ponta Grossa-Paraná? Como a análise do livro didático de história pelos/as alunos/as impacta suas identidades raciais? Os aportes teóricos que respaldaram a fundamentação deste estudo sobre a construção de identidades foram: Woodward (2012), Silva (2012); Hall (2006), Bauman (2005), Gomes (2005) entre outros. Para falar de discurso, ideologia e poder utilizo: Hall (2012); Van Dijk (2010, 2008), Fairclough (2003, 2001), Lopes (2002). Para a compreensão dos assuntos sobre o livro didático: Ferreira (2016, 2014); Souza (2014), Oliveira (2012), Carvalho (2006), Rosemberg; Bazilli; Silva (2003). A análise de imagens foi subsidiada pelos autores: Hall (2016), Burke (2004), Manguel (2001). Esta pesquisa pertence ao campo da Linguística Aplicada e caracteriza-se como de caráter qualitativo, interpretativista e documental; pesquisa quantitativa; análise crítica do discurso e análise de imagens. Os instrumentos de geração de dados foram: questionário; pré-teste; entrevista de grupo focal e diário de campo. Os resultados indicam que a recepção, por parte dos/as alunos/as integrantes desta pesquisa, diante dos discursos do livro didático caracteriza a identidade negra como subalterna em relação à branca. A análise imagética indicou uma construção identitária que apresenta a identidade racial branca como majoritária numericamente, de forma a mostrar as pessoas brancas como representantes da identidade padrão da sociedade brasileira. Outra característica observada foi a associação da identidade racial negra a aspectos negativos, ao estereótipo da escravização e pobreza, enquanto que a identidade racial branca é apresentada de maneira positiva, associada à nobreza, posições sociais de prestígio e riqueza, e na condição de liderança sobre as pessoas negras. A análise do LD de história corroborou para a confirmação de uma visão que estereotipa e inferioriza a identidade racial negra. Dessa forma, concluo que existe a necessidade da desconstrução de discursos que desqualificam a identidade negra e enfatizam estereótipos depreciativos. A pesquisa mostrou que as imagens componentes da narrativa do livro analisado estabelecem um perfil que inferioriza a identidade racial negra, causando sentimento de repulsa por parte dos/as alunos/as com esse pertencimento racial, havendo, dessa forma, real necessidade de mudança desse material pedagógico. / This research was carried out in a public school in the city of Ponta Grossa / PR. It involved eight students from the eighth grade of Elementary School-final grades. The objectives of this work were to understand how the reception of the students in front of the imaginary composition of the didactic book of history that they use; analyze the construction of racial identities through the images of the 8th-year history textbook of the PNLD 2017 "History.doc" collection; and to understand the impacts that the history textbook analysis provided on the racial identities of the students. To do this, I tried to answer the following research questions: What is the students' perception of the imaginary composition of the history textbook regarding the construction of racial identities? How are racial identities constructed through the images of the 8th-year history textbook from the "História.doc" collection of PNLD 2017 from a state school in the city of Ponta Grossa-Paraná? How does the analysis of the history textbook impact the students' racial identities? The theoretical contributions that supported the foundation of this study on the construction of identities were: Woodward (2012), Silva (2012); Hall (2006), Bauman (2005), Gomes (2005), among others. To speak of speech, ideology and power I use: Hall (2012); Van Dijk (2010, 2008), Fairclough (2003, 2001), Lopes (2002). For understanding the subjects about the textbook: Ferreira (2016, 2014); Souza (2014), Oliveira (2012), Carvalho (2006), Rosemberg; Bazilli; Silva (2003). The analysis of images was subsidized by the authors: Hall (2016), Burke (2004), Manguel (2001). This research belongs to the field of Applied Linguistics and is characterized as qualitative, interpretative and documentary; quantitative research; critical analysis of discourse and analysis of images. The instruments of data generation were: quiz; pre-test; focal group interview and field diary. The results indicate that the reception, by the students who are members of this research, before the speeches of the didactic book characterizes the black identity as subalternative in relation to the white. The image analysis indicated an identity construction that presents the white racial identity as numerically major, in order to show white people as representatives of the standard identity of Brazilian society. Another characteristic observed was the association of black racial identity with negative aspects, to the stereotype of enslavement and poverty, while white racial identity is presented positively, associated with the nobility, social positions of prestige and wealth, and in the condition of leadership over black people. The analysis of the LD of history corroborated to the confirmation of a vision that stereotypes and inferiorizes the black racial identity. Thus, I conclude that there is a need to deconstruct discourses that disqualify black identity and emphasize derogatory stereotypes. The research showed that the component images of the narrative of the book analyzed establish a profile that inferiorizes the black racial identity, causing a sense of disgust on the part of the students with this racial belonging, thus, there is a real need for the change of this pedagogical material.
37

Avaliação Odontológica de Equinos da Raça Crioula Mantidos em Sistema de Criação Extensivo

Leite, Carla Teixeira 24 June 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Sandro Camargo (sandro.camargo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2015-03-08T19:59:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 127110022.pdf: 841145 bytes, checksum: 9d0523e242633ed7d8bfee4a1df953fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-08T19:59:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 127110022.pdf: 841145 bytes, checksum: 9d0523e242633ed7d8bfee4a1df953fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-24 / A raça Crioula, atualmente, está sendo direcionada para provas equestres de alta performance, o que exige alterações nas suas condições de criação. Hábitos e padrões alimentares determinam a saúde ou o comprometimento da mecânica bucal, que tem por finalidade reduzir o tamanho das partículas apreendidas e proporcionar adequada digestão e absorção de nutrientes. Dessa forma, estudos a respeito da odontologia equina nesta raça são imprescindíveis, a fim de melhor preparar e adaptar o cavalo atleta às novas condições de manejo e alimentação. Assim, o presente estudo teve por finalidade identificar e quantificar as afecções odontológicas, com o intuito de promover o conhecimento a respeito das alterações dentárias em equinos da raça Crioula, criados exclusivamente em regime extensivo. Foram utilizados 254 cavalos Crioulos de propriedades situadas no município de Uruguaiana/RS, machos e fêmeas, com idades superiores a dois anos. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a categoria etária: ≤5 anos (G1) e >5 anos (G2). O diagnóstico baseou-se na anamnese, inspeção e palpação da face e cavidade oral, além de exame específico. Verificou-se que 25,0% dos animais do G1 e 30,0% do G2 apresentaram dois ou mais distúrbios odontológicos nos dentes incisivos, enquanto que este valor foi de 62,5% no G1 e 48,6% no G2 para um ou mais achados nos caninos; 44,2% dos animais do G1 e 38,7% do G2 tiveram três ou mais achados nos dentes 2o, 3o e 4o pré-molares e molares. A principal afecção que acometeu os incisivos foi curvatura irregular, em 47,1% dos animais ≤5 anos e, 46,7% dos >5 anos. Em relação aos caninos, o cálculo dentário ocorreu em 9,4% dos equinos ≤5 anos e em 35,7% dos >5 anos. A alteração de maior ocorrência no 2o, 3o e 4o pré-molares e molares foi ponta excessiva de esmalte em 95,2% dos animais do G1. Contudo, no G2, cálculo dentário foi observado em 86,0%. Apesar de todos os cavalos estudados serem criados extensivamente, as alterações dentárias foram muito frequentes na raça Crioula, sob estas condições de manejo. / Crioulo breed is currently being targeted to high performance equestrian events, which require changing the conditions of their management system. Habits and eating patterns can determine health or decline in oral mechanics, which aim to reduce the size of the particles seized and provide adequate digestion and absorption of the nutrients. However, studies on equine dentistry in this breed are essential in order to better prepare and adapt athlete horse handling and feeding to new conditions. Thus, the present study aimed to identify and quantify the dental diseases, in order to promote knowledge about the dental changes in Crioulo breed horses, created exclusively under extensive system. 254 animals were used from properties located in Uruguaiana/RS. Males and females, upper two year-old were taken. The animals were divided into two groups according to age categories: ≤5 year-old (G1) and >5 year-old (G2). The diagnosis was based on clinical history, inspection and palpation of the face and oral cavity, in addition to specific examination. It was found that 25,0% of the animals in G1 and 30,0% in G2 showed two or more incisors disorders, while this figure was 62,5% in G1 and 48,6% in G2 for one or more findings in canines; 44,2% of the animals from G1 and 38,7% from G2 had three or more findings in 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolars and molars. The main condition which affected incisors was irregular curvature in 47,1% of animals ≤5 year-old and 46,7% for >5 year-old. Regarding canines, dental calculus occurred in 9,4% of horses ≤5 year-old and in 35,7% of >5 year-old. The largest change occurred in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th premolars and molars was excessive tips enamel in 95,2% of G1 animals. However, in G2, dental calculus was observed in 86,0%. Although all horses studied were breed extensively, dental changes were most common in the Crioulo breed, under these management conditions.
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Examination Of The Effects Breed And Nutrition Have On The Milk Protein Profile Produced By Lactating Dairy Cattle

Tacoma, Rinske 01 January 2016 (has links)
Milk is a highly nutritious natural product and research over the last 10 years has proven that these milk proteins not only provide a rich source of amino acids to the consumer but also contains many bioactive proteins and peptides known to exert biological activity benefitting human health. In this research, proteomic methods were first used to characterize the low abundance proteome within the skim milk fraction produced by Holstein and Jersey dairy cows maintained under the same diet, management and environmental conditions. Milk samples were collected over a seven day period from six Holstein and six Jersey dairy cows. Samples were depleted of casein (CN) by acidification and ultracentrifugation followed by ProteoMiner treatment. Extracts were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation followed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Over 930 low abundance proteins were identified and label-free proteomic analysis allowed for semi-quantification of proteins. Gene ontology (GO) classified proteins into various cellular localization and function categories. Forty-three low abundance proteins were differentially expressed between the two dairy breeds. Some bioactive proteins with immunomodulatory activities were present at significantly different abundance between breeds such as lactotransferrin (P <0.01) and Complement C2 (P <0.01), whereas others like osteopontin (P = 0.17) and lactoperoxidase (P = 0.29) were present at similar levels. This work has identified the highest number of low abundance proteins within the whey fraction in bovine skim milk, providing a foundation for future research exploring the bovine milk proteome. Nutrition is a significant animal factor that has potential to alter milk protein composition. Therefore in the second phase of this work, nutritional perturbances were used to alter the bovine milk proteome by feeding Holstein dairy cows different proportions of rumen degradable (RDP) and rumen undegradable protein (RUP) to alter whole-body nitrogen (N) metabolism. Six multiparous Holstein cows in mid-lactation were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. The experiment was conducted as a double-crossover design consisting of three 21-day periods. Within each period, treatment groups received diets with either 1) a high RDP:RUP ratio (control: 62.4:37.6 % of CP) or 2) a low RDP:RUP ratio (RUP: 51.3:48.7 % of CP). Both diets were isonitrogenous (CP = 18.5%) and isoenergetic (NEL = 0.8 Mcal lbs-1). Feeding a diet high in RUP decreased β-casein (P = 0.06), κ-casein (P =0.04) and total milk casein concentrations in milk (P <0.001). Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) were significantly higher in the RDP group (P = 0.04; P < 0.01, respectively). Over 590 low abundance proteins were identified and only three proteins were found to be differentially expressed between the two dietary groups. The high dietary crude protein (CP) inclusion may explain the lack of treatment effect since protein synthesis within the mammary gland (MG) may not be responsive to dietary changes when total CP levels is offered in excess. Additional feeding trials are needed to alter N utilization patterns within a dairy cow while maintaining isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets and offering normal CP levels. Nutritional perturbances offer opportunities to selectively alter the bovine proteome, providing a tool to enhance the healthfulness of milk.
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The Effect of Oven Temperature, Cooking Method, and Breed on the Tenderness, Juiciness, and Flavor of Beef

Stembridge, Carma B. 01 May 1968 (has links)
The effect of oven temperature, dry-roasting,and breed on the eating quality of beef was determined by sensory and objective methods. Two adjacent standing rib and two adjacent chuck roasts of prime, choice, and good grades from animals of Hereford, Shorthorn, and Charolais breeding were dry-roasted. Control roasts (9-12th ribs) were cooked at 325 F. Experimental roasts (6-8th rib and two chucks) were assigned an oven temperature of 325 or 250 F at random. All roasts were allowed to reach ah internal temperature of 155 F as recorded on a potentiometer. Tenderness, as determined by a Warner-Bratzler shear, was greater in roasts cooked in the 325 F oven. The amount of press fluid and the percentage of total cooking loss due to drip was greater in the 325 F oven. The panel of judges preferred the flavor of meat which was dry roasted to that cooked by a moist heat method. An effect of breed on eating quality was shown: meat from animals of Charolais breeding rated highest by the taste panel for tenderness, juiciness, and flavor. One group of samples from a Shorthorn sire was consistently low in the three factors scored. There was a high correlation between objective and sensory methods of evaluation for tenderness and juiciness. Correlations were high between the taste panel scores for tenderness and flavor and also for juiciness and flavor. Flavor and backfat thickness were shown to be closely related.
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Conservation Genetics of Wolves and their Relationship with Dogs

Sundqvist, Anna-Karin January 2008 (has links)
<p>Management of wolves is a complex issue, and molecular genetics is an important tool in this work. Molecular genetics can provide important information at the species, population and individual level, which can be essential for the development of management programs aiming at the long term survival of wolf populations.</p><p>In this thesis I developed new genetic markers on the canine Y chromosome to estimate the number of founders of the Scandinavian wolf population. This knowledge is important to reconstruct the history of the population and to design the most appropriate conservation strategies. Next, genetic markers with different pattern of inheritance have been used to identify hybrids between wolves and dogs. This allowed us to determine the direction of hybridization and to evaluate its possible impact on the gene pool of a wolf population. Furthermore, I also developed a method for a more reliable identification of the predator responsible of an attack by using saliva remains left on the prey. Since predation on livestock is perhaps the main reason for the negative opinions about the predator, the correct identification of the responsible for an attack (wolf, dog or hybrid) is essential. </p><p>Finally, this thesis has also been focusing on the domestication of dogs. By using Y chromosome markers (paternally inherited), it has been possible to complement previous studies based on mtDNA sequences (maternally inherited) and autosomal markers (inherited from both parents). In this way I have obtained a more complete picture of the domestication process and of the origin of breeds. This has shown that there has been a bias in the contribution of the two sexes in the origin of dog breeds (fewer males then females contributing to each breed) and that the origin of dogs was not marked by extensive backcrosses with male wolves over the entire species range.</p>

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