• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 363
  • 111
  • 32
  • 24
  • 16
  • 14
  • 13
  • 8
  • 8
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 729
  • 729
  • 209
  • 184
  • 181
  • 117
  • 112
  • 108
  • 99
  • 93
  • 91
  • 90
  • 76
  • 76
  • 74
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Domestic bliss : how a group of white South Africans understand their relationships with the domestic workers who helped to raise them.

Swisa, Sarit 08 April 2013 (has links)
In the dearth of literature regarding domestic workers in general, there is a notable absence of the relationships formed between domestic workers and their employers’ children. Nine young white adults who self-identified themselves as having a close relationship with their families’ domestic workers for a minimum of ten years, were interviewed on the nature of this closeness and what it means in the context of the family and in South Africa. These participants shared the significance of their domestic workers in their lives, highlighting their integration into the family structure. These women often filled in for absent parents or mediated conflicted parent-child interactions, serving as a unique support system for the participants. However, contradictory evidence was also apparent as the boundaries between domestic workers and the participants’ families were described. Issues of race and social difference were cloaked in a silence perceived to be an aspect of concealing the uncomfortable elements of whiteness and the implicit understandings of the institution of domestic work. When these matters were addressed, the interviewees were often ambivalent about their own role in maintaining this norm. Exploring the less than perfect parts of the relationship with these caregivers seemed to threaten the very foundations of the relationship. The findings in this report support the argument that having multiple caregivers is optimal for children’s development but when the third caregiver is a black domestic worker the benefits of this arrangement are complicated by racial, social and class constructions. Moreover, constructions of the ideal Western family create friction in allowing a non-relative to be fully integrated into the family.
422

När samhället träder in – socialsekreterares professionskunskap vid omhändertaganden : En undersökning av hur yrkesaktiva socionomers kunskaps- och erfarenhetsprocesser samt handlingsutrymme ser ut vid omhändertaganden enligt LVU / When social services step in - social workers’ professional knowledge when children are taken into care : A study of how social workers’ processes of knowledge and experience as well as action space are represented in authority based child care in Sweden

Wojcik, Kaja, Lind, Julia January 2019 (has links)
Den här intervjubaserade kvalitativa studien syftar till att utforska den professionskunskap som socialarbetare upplever att de har och använder i sitt dagliga arbete inom barnavårdsutredningar i Sverige. Ordet "professionskunskap" avgränsas i studien som den kunskap, de erfarenheter, de verktyg och upplevelsen av handlingsutrymme som socialarbetare använder i beslutsprocessen kring tvångsomhändertaganden. Det empiriska materialet består av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare som syftade till att samla in socialarbetarnas subjektiva syn på och åsikter kring sin professionskunskap. Det empiriska materialet tematiserades och analyserades genom Michael Lipskys teori "Street-level bureaucracy" och narrativ teori. Även om professionskunskap kan anses vara individbaserad visar studien på vissa gemensamma mönster. En av uppsatsens slutsatser är att den professionella kunskapen som socialarbetaren har uttrycks genom ett utbyte av erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap som är knuten till det utmanande ställning som socialarbetarna har som gräsrotsbyråkrater. Ett annat resultat är att för att behärska denna komplicerade position måste socialarbetarna hantera sina känslor i samband med sitt arbete genom att regelbundet utbyta kunskaper och erfarenheter i en narrativ miljö. Sammanfattningsvis indikerar uppsatsen att ett konstant utbyte av erfarenheter skapar den ultimata grunden för professionskunskap. / This interview based qualitative study aims to explore the professional knowledge that social workers experience that they have and use in their daily work in authority based child care in Sweden. The word “professional knowledge” is defined in the report as what “knowledge”, “experiences”, “instruments” and sense of “action space” the social workers include in the process of decision making regarding compulsory care. The empirical material was collected through eight semi-structured interviews with social workers with the purpose to gather their subjective views and opinions regarding their professional knowledge. Then, the empirical material was thematically categorized and analysed through Michael Lipsky's theory “Street-level bureaucracy” and narrative theory. The study finds that professional knowledge is a constant exchange of self-perceived experiences and that it is somewhat tied to the individual social work but also that there are some basic common observations to be made. One of the conclusions of the essay is that the professional knowledge that the social worker possesses is expressed through a development of experience which is tied to the challenging position the social workers have as street-level bureaucrats. Another finding is that in order to master this complicated position the social workers have to manage the emotions connected to their work through exchanging experience-based knowledge on a regular basis. In summary, the essay suggests that a constant exchange of experiences creates the ultimate basis for professional knowledge.
423

How small are small markets? Local market size for child care Services, Working Paper No. 1814

Pennerstorfer, Astrid, Pennerstorfer, Dieter January 2019 (has links) (PDF)
In this article, we propose an innovative way of delineating local markets based on easily accessible data. We apply this concept to the day care industry and investigate providers' location choices relative to local market characteristics to evaluate the widespread presumption that local markets for child care services are geographically very small. Using a panel of all day care centers for the metropolitan region of Vienna, Austria, for nearly a decade, as well as geographically extremely disaggregated data on the spatial distribution of children under the age of six at the 250m×250m grid cell level, we find that the location of children and day care centers are strongly related, but this relationship diminishes as soon as the distance between a child's place of residence and the day care center's location increases. We conclude that local markets for day care services in metropolitan regions are indeed very small (about 500m or 550 yards).
424

Damned if you do, damned if you don't : En kvalitativ undersökning av två kvällstidningars rapportering om omhändertagande av barn samt socialsekreterares yrkesroll & kompetens / Damned if you do, damned if you don't : A qualitative study of two tabloid newspapers' reporting of childcare issues and the social worker's professional role and competence

Petersson, Simon, Björkman Winther, Carl January 2019 (has links)
The aim of this study was to investigate how the media portrays the social workers professional practice and to investigate how media reports on childcare issues. The method used to answer our questions was critical discourse analysis in which Norman Fairclough's three-dimensional model was in focus. The study also contains the social constructivism as the science theoretical approach and media logic as the theory. The study's approach is based on reading news articles from the Swedish tabloid newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen. Relevant text from the news articles was extracted as quotes, which underlies the result presented. In our study we found, based on our questions, a pattern in the newspaper reports where there are links to attentive events such as children's deaths or inadequate interventions in a custody. From the knowledge gained from research and theory, it is easier for a newspaper to highlight drama and sensation of something that is negative, rather than positive. Based on our method and the result presented, we also identified a discourse that we chose to term as an acting discourse. Because on one hand, the tabloid newspapers criticizes social workers and their occupational role by questioning when a custody has taken place. On the other hand, the social workers are criticized when they have not intervened. It can be concluded that the underlying newspaper reports describe that the occupational role and competence of current social workers are a question of their behavior and non-action. From what we noted in the papers' reports, the image appears to be that the way newspapers portray/describe social workers is that, regardless of their actions social workers are perceived as not fulfilling the responsibility connected with their professional role.
425

A enfermeira e o cuidado da criança para o desenvolvimento na unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica / The nurse and the care for the development of the child in the Intensive Care Unit Pediatric

Braga, Danielle Aparecida Pereira 24 May 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A criança que requer cuidados intensivos deve ser considerada tanto no aspecto biológico como no seu desenvolvimento, os processos que podem agredi-la devem ser minimizados, ou eliminados, e ela deve ser apoiada sempre que enfrente alguma situação potencialmente estressante, para seu atendimento não se tornar iatrogênico, buscando atender suas necessidades e pautar na perspectiva da integralidade, o que significa um cuidado além da prática biomédica. Objetivo: Descrever e analisar o cuidado da enfermeira à criança hospitalizada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica (UTIP), com foco no desenvolvimento infantil. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado numa UTIP, de um hospital privado de grande porte, filantrópico, geral, localizado na cidade de São Paulo e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. A coleta de dados em oficinas pedagógicas incluiu oito enfermeiras, cada uma participando de dois encontros. Dados submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo, interpretados de acordo com o referencial das necessidades essenciais da infância. Resultados: A categoria Concepções e práticas da enfermeira no cuidado para o desenvolvimento infantil na UTIP descreve as ações das enfermeiras e aspectos relativos à situação da internação que impactam sobre a criança e, portanto, devem ser considerados em suas atividades de cuidado, visando as necessidades da criança para além do motivo da hospitalização. Contudo, as enfermeiras não nominam essas ações como cuidado de enfermagem e sim como comportamentos naturais, e, deste modo, são realizados de acordo com a visão de cada enfermeira, sem sistematização, ou constância. A categoria Facilidades e dificuldades da enfermeira no cuidado para o desenvolvimento infantil na UTIP descreve os aspectos facilitadores nas práticas institucionalizadas como atenção ao conforto físico, à história e hábitos da criança, o brincar, as informações fornecidas na admissão, os laços entres os familiares, aspectos que fortalecem o cuidado e o processo de hospitalização. Inclui também as dificuldades, decorrentes do modelo hegemônico biomédico, que vão de encontro ao cuidado para a promoção do desenvolvimento, e atividades burocráticas existentes no contexto de trabalho que reduzem o tempo da enfermeira voltado ao cuidado da criança e da família. A categoria Perspectivas da enfermeira sobre o cuidado para o desenvolvimento da criança na UTIP descreve a necessidade de uma filosofia, teoria e instrumentos para orientar o cuidado, comuns a toda a equipe multiprofissional, a partir da mudança de compreensão dos profissionais acerca do cuidado integral à criança, que poderia ser alcançada por meio de reflexão sobre o fazer envolvendo a todos, em atividades como workshops e cursos sobre promoção do desenvolvimento e cuidado integral. Conclusões: Embora as enfermeiras se percebam realizando ações favoráveis ao desenvolvimento da criança reconhecem que garantir o desenvolvimento infantil saudável, na situação de hospitalização na UTIP, é algo a ser alcançado, mediante ações sistematizadas e norteadas por objetivos comuns a toda a equipe de saúde e reconhecidas como cuidado profissional. As oficinas pedagógicas contribuíram para a reflexão, troca de experiência e proposição de ações de melhoria do cuidado à saúde da criança, referidas como estratégias formativas que podem favorecer tais mudanças. / Introduction: Children who require intensive care should be considered both in their biological aspect as in their development; procedures that may hurt them should be minimized or eliminated and they should be supported all the times they face some potentially stressing situations. This provides a non iatrogenic care which attends their needs and support the perspective of integrality, what means a care beyond the biomedical practice. Objective: to describe and analyze the care of the nurse towards child hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit Pediatric (ICUP), with focus on the child development. Method: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, done in the ICUP of a private, large sized, philanthropic and general hospital situated in São Paulo City and approved by the Ethics Research Committee. Data were collected in pedagogical workshops with eight nurses, each one taking part in two meetings, and were submitted to the thematic analyses of contents and interpreted according to the referential of essential needs of the childhood. Results: The category Nurses conceptions and practices to care for the child development in the ICUP describes actions of the nurses and aspects of hospitalization that have impact on the child and so should be considered in their care activities aiming the needs of the child beyond the reason for the hospitalization. However, the nurses do not nominate these actions as nursing care but as natural behaviors and, so, they are performed according to the vision of each nurse, without any systematization or constancy. The category Facilities and difficulties of the nurse to care for the child development in the ICUP describes aspects in the institutionalized practices that strengthen to care for child development as attention to the physical comfort, to know the child story and habits, the playing, the information given in the reception, and relationships between relatives. It also includes the difficulties related to the hegemonic biomedical model that opposes the care for the promotion of development and bureaucratic activities that reduce the nurses time dedicated to child and family care. The category Perspectives of the nurse about the care for the child development in the ICUP describes the need of a philosophy, or theory, and instruments to guide the comprehensive care, common to all the multi professional team. This could be reached through reflection about the work in ICUP involving all the professionals in activities like workshops and courses on promotion of development and integral care. Conclusions: Although the nurses feel doing actions in favor to the development of the child, they realize that to ensure the healthy development of the child, in the situation of hospitalization in the ICUP, is something to be reached, through systematized actions and guided by common objectives to the whole health team and recognized as Professional care. The data collection workshops contributed to the reflection, exchange of experiences and proposals of actions to improve the care for children, and so nurses indicated them as formative strategies which can encourage such changes.
426

Olhar de Trabalhadoras de Creches Sobre o Cuidado da Criança / The day-nurseries workers’ viewpoint on child care

Verissimo, Maria de La O Ramallo 29 August 2001 (has links)
Este estudo teve como objetivo apreender e analisar as representações de profissionais que atuam em creche, acerca do cuidado da criança. O referencial teórico adotado foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais de Moscovici. Os dados foram coletados junto a 7 coordenadoras e 9 educadoras, de três creches vinculadas a uma universidade pública, no Município de São Paulo. Com as coordenadoras, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais semi-estruturadas. Com as educadoras, foi realizada uma oficina pedagógica, estruturada em 4 encontros. Os tópicos estabelecidos para cada encontro visaram compreender o que os sujeitos do estudo pensam, sentem e fazem, em relação ao cuidado da criança. Os encontros e as entrevistas foram gravados, transcritos na íntegra e os dados submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo a técnica de análise temática. Foram obtidos os seguintes temas: A creche, O trabalho na creche, O cuidado da criança na creche e A creche e a família. Com base na análise, identificou-se que, para as coordenadoras, o cuidado é definido como as ações realizadas para atender às necessidades físicas e emocionais da criança, além de estabelecimento de vínculo afetivo. Cuidado e educação têm igual valor e se integram porque as crianças aprendem algo durante as ações de cuidado. Para as educadoras, cuidar é prover o bem-estar da criança (alimentar, higienizar, permitir o descanso, manter a segurança física). Consideram o cuidado como uma etapa preliminar das atividades pedagógicas, que permite à criança sentir-se disposta a aprender. Para ambos os grupos, o cuidado profissional é diferente do cuidado oferecido em casa porque se fundamenta em princípios científicos e rotinas institucionais. Conclui-se que as trabalhadoras, apesar de cuidarem extensivamente das crianças, não reconhecem essas ações como cuidado, o que se deve à falta de reflexão sobre um referencial teórico-conceitual para fundamentar o cuidado na creche. / This study aimed to ponder and analyze the representations of the professionals actuating in day nurseries concerning the care of the child. The theoretical referential adopted was the Theory of the Social Representations by Moscovici, bearing in mind that care of the child is a phenomenon ever-present in humanity’s history that has been re-interpreted as much in the light of science as in that of the knowledge of common sense. The data was gathered from 7 coordinators and 9 educators (all 16 were women) from three day nurseries connected to a public university in the São Paulo municipality. The data obtained from the coordinators was collected through semi-structured individual interviews. That from the educators was effected through a pedagogical workshop structured into 4 group encounters. The topics set out for each meeting aimed at understanding what the subjects of the study think of, feel and do with reference to the care of the child. The meetings and interviews were registered on tape, integrally transcribed and the data submitted to the analysis of the contents, according to the technique of thematic analysis. The following themes were obtained: The day nursery, The work in the nursery, The care of the child in the nursery and The Nursery and the family. Based on the analysis it was shown that, for the coordinators, the care is defined as the actions taken to attend to the child’s physical and emotional necessities and for the establishing of an emotional attachment. Care and education have the same value and integrate because the children learn something during the care actions. As concerns the educators, to care is to provide the child’s well being (nourishment, hygiene, rest, maintain physical security). They consider the care as a preliminary step to pedagogical activities that allow the child to feel apt for learning. For both groups, the professional care differs from that given at home because it is based on scientific principles and institutional routines. It is concluded that the workers, in spite of taking extensive care of the children, do not recognize these actions as care, this being due to the fact that no theoretical-conceptional referential is being used to establish the care in the nursery.
427

Representações sociais das equipes técnicas acerca do cuidado à criança nas creches da Universidade de São Paulo / Social representations of the technical staff of the care of children in day care centers of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP)

Sarubbi Junior, Vicente 22 August 2012 (has links)
O estudo teve como objetivo analisar as confluências de sentido presentes nas falas dos profissionais das equipes técnicas que atuam nas creches da USP acerca do cuidado à criança. O referencial adotado foi a Teoria das Representações Sociais. O estudo abrangeu as cinco unidades das creches da USP - três unidades em São Paulo, uma unidade em São Carlos e uma unidade em Ribeirão Preto. Foram entrevistados trinta e dois profissionais. As entrevistas foram gravadas e o conteúdo das falas foi transcrito na íntegra e submetido à análise temáticocategorial proposta por Bardin. As categorias foram transformadas em variáveis e processadas pelo software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®), que gerou árvores hierárquicas de similaridade e vetores de força associativa entre as variáveis analisadas. Foram constituídas trinta e quatro unidades de significação, sendo dezoito compartilhadas por pelo menos metade do total das categorias entrevistadas. Foi possível identificar cinco unidades de significação consensualmente partilhadas pelo total das categorias: (a) ações de cuidado promovendo o desenvolvimento da autonomia da criança; (b) o binômio cuidar-educar; (c) o reconhecimento das necessidades ou demandas individuais de cada criança; (d) cuidar do espaço onde o profissional está zelando pelo bem-estar e segurança da criança; e (e) o reconhecimento do valor da equipe de profissionais que busca satisfazer as diferentes necessidades da criança. O reposicionamento dinâmico das unidades de significação nas sessenta e uma relações hierarquizadas sugere que cada categoria contribui de forma heterogênea enquanto forma de salientar particularidades acerca de suas concepções nos diferentes cuidados que a criança demanda. Foi possível encontrar unidades de significação presentes na interface de saberes ligados à saúde e à educação no total de profissionais entrevistados, o que parece indicar que as representações do cuidar de crianças nas creches da USP para os profissionais das equipes técnicas advêm tanto da apropriação que os profissionais relatam sobre as ações de cuidado ancoradas no saber disciplinar e significação das vivências com a criança, como pelo que é consensualmente compartilhado na instituição em que a representação do cuidado é objetivada pelo campo epistêmico da Educação / The study sought to analyze the convergence of meanings present in the speech of professional technical staff working with children in the daycare centers of USP. The benchmark used was the Social Representation Theory. The study included the universitys five daycare units three of them in São Paulo, one each in the cities of São Carlos and Ribeirão Preto. Thirty-two professionals were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and were transcribed in their entirety and the content of the discourse subjected to the thematiccategorical analysis proposed by Bardin. The categories were transformed into variables and processed by the Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) software, that generated a hierarchical tree of similarity and associative force vectors between the variables analyzed. Thirty-five units of meaning, eighteen of which were shared by at least half of all the categories surveyed, were established. It was possible to identify five units of meaning consensually shared by all of the categories: (a) care actions promoting the development of the childs autonomy; (b) the binomial care-education; (c) recognition of the childs individual needs or desires; (d) care and safety of the place where the professional is caring for the childrens welfare and safety; and (e) the recognition of the value of the professional team which seeks to satisfy the childrens various needs. The dynamic repositioning of the units of meaning into sixty-one hierarchical relationships suggests that each category makes a specific contribution in such a way as to emphasize its particular views on child care. All the professional categories present common units of meaning regarding the interface of the knowledge related to health and education, which indicates that the professional technical staffs representations of caring for children arise from the appropriation that professionals report of the actions of care grounded in their specific technical knowledge and the significance of their experiences with the children. This conclusion is widely shared in the institution where the care is regarded as the objectified representations of the epistemological field of Education
428

Eles cuidam de crianças. Quem cuida deles? O sofrimento psíquico do professor na relação com a criança considerada agressiva / They take of children. Who take care of them? Teacher´s psychic suffering related to the child perceived as aggressive

Castro, Rebeca Eugênia Fernandes de 24 March 2008 (has links)
A expressão da tendência anti-social parece sinalizar um protesto contra uma privação vivida precocemente. Expressão que pode surgir quando a criança tem esperança de que o ambiente possa responder positivamente, restabelecendo o desenvolvimento emocional. Quando esta reivindicação não é atendida no seio familiar, seus efeitos podem se manifestar na escola. Apesar do crescimento da violência nas escolas, constata-se a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos, especialmente na perspectiva do professor, alvo do investimento pulsional das crianças. Este investimento se caracteriza não apenas por impulsos amorosos, mas também destrutivos. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública da periferia de São Paulo e faz parte de um projeto mais amplo de atendimento preventivo a crianças agressivas, suas famílias e educadores. A pesquisa objetivou analisar relatos de professores que trabalham diariamente com crianças agressivas e investigar o papel da agressividade infantil como fator de promoção do sofrimento psíquico nestes docentes. As formas instituídas no ambiente escolar para administrar a agressividade dos alunos foram levantadas, a partir da análise dos cadernos de ocorrência disciplinar, onde os professores registram os episódios de agressividade infantil. Também foram analisados os dados coletados nas entrevistas individuais com 12 professores de nível fundamental, distribuídos em função de três diferentes períodos na carreira. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e os dados categorizados considerando a freqüência simples de ocorrência. As respostas dos professores em diferentes períodos de carreira profissional também foram comparadas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças na percepção da agressividade infantil e nas estratégias de manejo utilizadas pelos educadores com menor e maior tempo de ensino. Constatou-se que sentimentos de ingratidão e rancor podem ser nutridos e agravados com o tempo, sinalizando a importância de uma intervenção que ajude a elaborar estes aspectos. / The expression of the antisocial tendency seems to point out a protest against an early deprivation. It emerges when the child hopes that the world will provide him with a positive response, re-establishing the emotional development. When this protest is not answered by the family, its effects may appear at school. In spite of growth of violence on schools, the comprehension of this phenomena is needed, specially at the point of view of teachers, who receive the childrens pulsional investment. This investment is characterized not only by love, but also by hate. The present study was conducted in a public school in the suburb of São Paulo City, and it is part of a larger project that investigates preventive intervention for aggressive children, their families and educators. The research aims to listen to teachers´ reports, whose work involves everyday problems dealing with aggressive children and to investigate child aggressiveness´ role as a factor that engenders psychic pain in them. The forms adopted by the school in order to handle the child aggressiveness are surveyed, examining the office referrals written by teachers. It is also analysed the data collected by interviews with 12 teachers, who were in different career stages. The interviews were recorded, transcripted and categorized considering the simple frequency. The teachers´ answers, regarding the different periods of their careers, were compared as well. The results showed different perceptions of children´s agressiveness, as well as different management strategies used by the teachers, dependending on their career moment. It was verified that feelings of unthankfulness and grudge may be brought up and worsened by the time, indicating the importance of an intervention that helps to digest those aspects.
429

Acampamento e assentamento rural como contexto de cuidado e educação compartilhados de crianças / Camp and rural settlement as care settings and shared education of children

Ana Cecília Oliveira Silva 11 February 2016 (has links)
Esta pesquisa se insere no campo da Psicologia Cultural do Desenvolvimento Humano e tem como objetivo investigar o compartilhamento da educação e do cuidado de crianças pequenas (1 a 5 anos) em um assentamento e um acampamento rural. Consideramos como compartilhamento da educação a participação de um grupo de pessoas, adultos ou crianças, nos momentos cotidianos da criança. A hipótese inicial da investigação estava relacionada a uma aparente coletivização da educação no acampamento e uma individualização no assentamento, determinados, sobretudo, pelas práticas culturais de cada contexto. Participaram da investigação 10 crianças (5 moradoras de um acampamento rural e 5 de um assentamento rural). A metodologia consistiu em observação participante com a imersão da pesquisadora por uma média de 6 dias no cotidiano familiar e comunitário de cada criança, com anotação em diário de campo das atividades, parceiros e cenários de compartilhamento do cuidado e da educação da criança. Os resultados apontam para: um intenso compartilhamento no grupo de vizinhança no acampamento e no grupo de família extensa no assentamento; a importância do cuidado e educação exercido entre as crianças, especialmente em situações de brincadeira; o histórico de migração como condição relacionada à maior busca pelo compartilhamento; a mulher como principal cuidadora, aspecto intimamente relacionado ao trabalho doméstico e na agricultura.O trabalho propicia reflexões acerca da diversidade dos modos de vida das crianças nestes contextos, sendo que há potencialidades educacionais ali construídas, fruto de uma riqueza cultural latente. Aponta ainda para considerações acerca das políticas públicas e garantia de direitos às crianças. / This research is within the field of Cultural Psychology of Human Development and aims to investigate the sharing of education and care of young children (1-5 years) in a settlement and in a rural campsite. We consider education as a share of the participation of a group of people, adults or children, in the child\'s everyday moments. The initial hypothesis of the research was related to an apparent collectivization of education in the camp and an individualization in the settlement, determined primarily by cultural practices of each context. Ten children participated in the research (5 residents of a rural camp and 5 of a rural settlement). The methodology consisted in an active observation with the immersion of the researcher by an average of 6 days in family and community daily life of every child, taking field notes in a diary of activities, partners and children\'s care and education sharing scenarios. The results show: an intense sharing in the neighborhood group in the camp and extended family group in the settlement; the importance of care and education carried out among children, particularly in play situations; the migration history as a related condition to the search for greater sharing; the woman as main caregiver, closely related to domestic work aspect and agriculture. The work provides reflections on the diversity of ways of life of children in these contexts, therefore there\'s educational possibilities being built, result from a latent cultural wealth. It also points to considerations about public policies and guarantee of rights to children.
430

Eles cuidam de crianças. Quem cuida deles? O sofrimento psíquico do professor na relação com a criança considerada agressiva / They take of children. Who take care of them? Teacher´s psychic suffering related to the child perceived as aggressive

Rebeca Eugênia Fernandes de Castro 24 March 2008 (has links)
A expressão da tendência anti-social parece sinalizar um protesto contra uma privação vivida precocemente. Expressão que pode surgir quando a criança tem esperança de que o ambiente possa responder positivamente, restabelecendo o desenvolvimento emocional. Quando esta reivindicação não é atendida no seio familiar, seus efeitos podem se manifestar na escola. Apesar do crescimento da violência nas escolas, constata-se a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos, especialmente na perspectiva do professor, alvo do investimento pulsional das crianças. Este investimento se caracteriza não apenas por impulsos amorosos, mas também destrutivos. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública da periferia de São Paulo e faz parte de um projeto mais amplo de atendimento preventivo a crianças agressivas, suas famílias e educadores. A pesquisa objetivou analisar relatos de professores que trabalham diariamente com crianças agressivas e investigar o papel da agressividade infantil como fator de promoção do sofrimento psíquico nestes docentes. As formas instituídas no ambiente escolar para administrar a agressividade dos alunos foram levantadas, a partir da análise dos cadernos de ocorrência disciplinar, onde os professores registram os episódios de agressividade infantil. Também foram analisados os dados coletados nas entrevistas individuais com 12 professores de nível fundamental, distribuídos em função de três diferentes períodos na carreira. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e os dados categorizados considerando a freqüência simples de ocorrência. As respostas dos professores em diferentes períodos de carreira profissional também foram comparadas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças na percepção da agressividade infantil e nas estratégias de manejo utilizadas pelos educadores com menor e maior tempo de ensino. Constatou-se que sentimentos de ingratidão e rancor podem ser nutridos e agravados com o tempo, sinalizando a importância de uma intervenção que ajude a elaborar estes aspectos. / The expression of the antisocial tendency seems to point out a protest against an early deprivation. It emerges when the child hopes that the world will provide him with a positive response, re-establishing the emotional development. When this protest is not answered by the family, its effects may appear at school. In spite of growth of violence on schools, the comprehension of this phenomena is needed, specially at the point of view of teachers, who receive the childrens pulsional investment. This investment is characterized not only by love, but also by hate. The present study was conducted in a public school in the suburb of São Paulo City, and it is part of a larger project that investigates preventive intervention for aggressive children, their families and educators. The research aims to listen to teachers´ reports, whose work involves everyday problems dealing with aggressive children and to investigate child aggressiveness´ role as a factor that engenders psychic pain in them. The forms adopted by the school in order to handle the child aggressiveness are surveyed, examining the office referrals written by teachers. It is also analysed the data collected by interviews with 12 teachers, who were in different career stages. The interviews were recorded, transcripted and categorized considering the simple frequency. The teachers´ answers, regarding the different periods of their careers, were compared as well. The results showed different perceptions of children´s agressiveness, as well as different management strategies used by the teachers, dependending on their career moment. It was verified that feelings of unthankfulness and grudge may be brought up and worsened by the time, indicating the importance of an intervention that helps to digest those aspects.

Page generated in 0.0502 seconds