La santé et l'environnement sont, avec l'économie et le social, deux piliers de l'alimentation durable dont la convergence est discutée. On peut les estimer respectivement à travers la qualité nutritionnelle et l'impact carbone. Dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse, nous proposons d'appréhender la problématique de la convergence nutrition-environnement en adoptant deux approches différentes. Tout d'abord, nous avons estimé la conséquence, sur l'impact carbone de l'alimentation, d'une modification de choix alimentaires individuels. Puis, en classant les individus en fonction de la qualité nutritionnelle de leur alimentation, nous avons estimé si l'impact carbone était différent en fonction de cette qualité nutritionnelle. Premièrement, nous avons montré que la modification des choix alimentaires ne peut s'avérer être une stratégie de réduction majeure de l'impact carbone associé à l'alimentation. Deuxièmement, le niveau d'impact carbone ne diffère que très peu en fonction de la qualité nutritionnelle de l'alimentation. Une bonne qualité nutritionnelle semble même associée à un plus fort impact carbone. Les résultats conduisent à remettre en question l'idée communément relevée dans la littérature qu'il existerait une convergence "naturelle" dans le domaine de l'alimentation entre la promotion de la santé publique et la protection de l'environnement. Notre approche est originale, car nous avons pris en compte la variabilité de l'alimentation réelle des individus, et que nous avons estimé avec précision la qualité nutritionnelle de leur alimentation. Cette thématique constitue un vaste champ de recherches qu'il convient de défricher de façon urgente. / Health and environment are, with economy and social concerns, two pillars of food sustainability whose compatibility is discussed. They can be estimated through nutritional quality and carbon footprint respectively. In this thesis, we propose to analyze the convergence between nutrition and environment by adopting two different approaches. First, we have estimated the effect of modifying individual food choices on diet-related carbon footprint. Second, by classifying the individuals based on the nutritional quality of their diet, we compared the diet-related carbon footprint among the classes of individuals. First, we have shown that changes in food choices may not be an efficient strategy for reducing the diet-related carbon footprint. Second, the level of carbon footprint did not differ much according to the nutritional quality of diets. A high quality diet even seems associated with a higher carbon footprint.The results lead to question the idea commonly found in the food and nutrition literature that there is a “natural” convergence between promotion of public health and environmental protection. Our approach is original because we have taken into account the variability of realistic individual food consumptions and we estimated the nutritional quality of diets with precision. This topic is a vast field of researches which has to be explored urgently.

Thesis (M. Tech. - Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and PR management)--Vaal University of Technology / Malnutrition amongst pre-school children age two-to-five-years is a growing world-wide concern. This is mainly due to poverty, diseases and inadequate dietary intake. Malnourished children are also a problem in South Africa. Pre-schools play an important role in the prevention of malnutrition because most young children consume about two thirds of their food and therefore their daily nutritional intake at the pre-schools. There are various factors that affect a child's nutrition in pre-schools, such as food choices, meal plans, the environment and the nutritional knowledge of the caregivers. Pre-schools can only fulfill this responsibility through the proper nutritional knowledge and training. The nutritional education and knowledge of food service assistants/caregivers are very important, because they compile the meal plans and menus for pre-schools. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a Nutrition Education Programme (NEP) to address the lack of nutritional knowledge of service assistants/caregivers who plan the menus in pre-schools in terms of existing menu content and food choices required for children between two to five years of age and by using the existing menus and food choices applied to make recommendations for nutritional skills training. Also in terms of basic nutrition, health and safety, to recommend more appropriate alternatives acceptable to children between two to five years of age. Lastly to integrate recommendations for nutritional skill training with regard to the alternative meal plan, eating habits and food choices for the menu through a NEP that would be implemented and evaluated. The study design was a combination of an exploratory and quantitative-descriptive research design in the form of a survey. A pilot study was used mainly to test the nutrition knowledge questionnaires for content validity. The study population of this research project was randomly selected pre-schools chosen from the Eatonside informal settlement. Procedures for data gathering and the different methods used for data analysis were divided into four phases. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the percentage of pre-schools who answered the questions correctly for selected nutrition knowledge, portion sizes questions and menu planning, as well as food safety and health. Paired t-tests were carried out to measure the statistically significant difference (pS0.05) before and after the implementation of the NEP. The results of the t-test indicate that only nine of the questions in the post-test questionnaire showed a confidence interval of the difference. There is statistical significance in these questions through either increase or decrease. It can be concluded that the Nutrition Education Programme (NEP) was successful, but that more training is needed due to the limitations experienced. The menu analysis tested the respondent's menus in terms of the average daily nutrient intake level given to the pre-school children. The data of the pre- and post-test menus were then compared to EAR in order to determine any change in the menus nutritional values after the NEP was completed. The results showed that there were differences in the post-test results that both decreased and increased.

Genom detta kandidatarbetet vill jag utmana och ifrågasätta autonomins roll inom speldesign, som ofta tolkas som att ge frihet eller självständighet åt spelaren. Jag har redogjort för autonomi utifrån en psykologisk utgångspunkt och en yttrad frihetsvillfarelse. Denna undersökning syftar till att utforska begreppet autonomi utifrån personlig investering och kunna applicera dessa kunskaper inom speldesign. En praktisk undersökning exemplifierar sedan tillämpningar genom en designprocess, bestående av spelanalyser och en spelgestaltning som prövar personlig investering genom olika designperspektiv, riskinnefattande val och roguelike element. Spelgestaltningen skapar en pågående interaktion mellan vänner och familj genom en webbplattform och involverar personliga värderingar, strategier och risker. Denna praktiska undersökning syftar även till att utvinna insikter och lärdomar som kan stå till grund för vidare forskning och förståelse för autonomi inom speldesign. / Through this bachelor thesis I wish to challenge and question the role of autonomy in game design, which is often interpreted as providing freedom or independence for the player. I’ve presented autonomy from a psychological standpoint and a described freedom fallacy. This study aims to explore the concept of autonomy from the view of personal investment and apply this knowledge within game design. A practical study then exemplifies applications through a design process, consisting of game analysis and a game design which tests personal investment through varying design perspectives, choices comprised of risks and roguelike elements. The game design establishes an ongoing interaction between friends and family through a web platform and involves personal values, strategies and risks. This practical study aims to extract insight and learnings which can be used as the basis for further studies and the understanding for autonomy through game design.

A dissertação traz a análise dos contextos tecnológicos das ocupações de grupos ceramistas na Cidade de Pedra, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. A tecnologia cerâmica foi estudada segundo critérios relacionados às características da pasta e do contorno de potes cerâmicos. A pesquisa realizada relaciona quatro sítios a céu aberto e quatro sítios em abrigo-sob-rocha de uma área que se insere em um amplo contexto regional de sítios cerâmicos. O estudo da cerâmica presente nos sítios busca observar a diversidade das escolhas tecnológicas relacionadas ao processo produtivo dos potes, a partir de ocupações arqueológicas com cerâmica associada às tradições Uru e Tupiguarani, além de conjuntos cerâmicos não filiados. A interpretação dos dados leva em conta aspectos de caráter cultural implicados na contextualização dos sítios / This dissertation analyzes the technological context of ceramic-making group occupations on the City of Stone (Cidade de Pedra) area in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso. The ceramic technology was studied according to criteria related to the features present in the paste and contours of ceramic pottery. The research correlates four open-sky sites and four sites under rocky shelters from an area that is inserted within a wide regional context of ceramic sites. The study of the ceramic pieces found at the sites observes the diversity in technological choices related to pottery production processes, from archaeological occupations where ceramic is associated to the Uru and Tupiguarani traditions, in addition to non-affiliated ceramic sets. Data were interpreted taking into account cultural aspects implied within the context of these sites

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se os alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (FOUSP) apresentavam tendência a algum perfil psicológico específico e relacionar os resultados com respostas sobre escolhas profissionais, investigando se há associação entre escolhas do campo de trabalho e perfil comportamental. O estudo foi transversal, realizado por meio de dois questionários autoadministrados, um de perfil psicológico e outro sobre interesses profissionais, distribuídos aos estudantes da FOUSP. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da FOUSP. Os dados foram organizados e analisados no programa STATA 12.0. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 415 alunos matriculados nas disciplinas de graduação da FOUSP, dos períodos diurno e noturno de todos os semestres. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante o segundo semestre de 2011. As características sociodemográficas apresentadas mostram que 72,29% dos estudantes eram do gênero feminino e 27,71% do masculino e apresentavam idade entre 17 e 44 anos (média de 21,98 anos). Quanto às razões para a escolha do curso de odontologia, 54,94% dos participantes apontaram a vocação; 15,70% por terem cirurgiões-dentistas na família; 14,22% devido à possibilidade de horários flexíveis; 9,88% por sucesso financeiro e 19,76% outros motivos. Em uma situação hipotética, de mesma condição de renda e carga horária para diversas alternativas de trabalho, 58,07% dos alunos prefeririam trabalhar em consultório próprio, 27,47% em emprego público, 15,18% serem docentes e 8,19% empregados no setor privado. Como início provável das atividades profissionais, 42,89% imaginam que seu primeiro trabalho seria em emprego privado, 25,06% em consultório próprio, 23,37% em emprego público e 16,63% seguiriam carreira na docência. Em projeção para 10 anos à frente, 73,25% se viam trabalhando em sua própria clínica, 19,28% no emprego público, 13,01% como docentes e 7,47% em emprego privado. Os conteúdos considerados mais importantes para o sucesso profissional do cirurgião-dentista foram, em ordem decrescente de importância: disciplinas clínicas (58,31%), básicas (26,75%) e sociais (14,94%), para ambos os gêneros. Quase todos os alunos, 98,31%, valorizavam o conhecimento de processos administrativos para gerir consultórios, clínicas ou equipes e 89,40% tinham interesse em adquirir conhecimentos no campo da gestão de recursos humanos. Com relação ao temperamento, 46,27% foram identificados como SJ (Guardião), 21,45% NF (Idealista), 14,70% NT (Racional) e 3,13% SP (Artesão); 14,46% eram indefinidos. Os tipos psicológicos predominantes foram o ESTJ/Supervisor (13,49%), ISTJ/Inspetor (13,25%), ISFJ/Protetor (6,51%) e INFJ/Conselheiro e ENTJ/Marechal de campo com iguais 6,27%. O temperamento SJ foi o mais frequente tanto em estudantes do gênero feminino (48,00%) quanto do masculino (41,74%), mas o segundo tipo mais comum diferia entre os gêneros: NF em mulheres (23,67%) e NT nos homens (21,74%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante nessa associação, demonstrada no teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (p=0,003). Conclui-se a maioria dos alunos apresentavam tendência ao temperamento SJ; o segundo mais frequente foi o NF em alunos de praticamente todos os semestres, porém diferiu entre os gêneros: NF em mulheres e NT em homens. Diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada na associação entre temperamento e gênero. A grande maioria dos alunos pretendia exercer suas atividades profissionais em consultório próprio. As outras opções seguiram a seguinte ordem de preferência: emprego público (com menos da metade percentual da primeira opção), docência e emprego privado. Não houve associação entre perfis psicológicos e escolha do campo de atuação. / The objective of this study was to determine if students of the University of São Paulo School of Dentistry (FOUSP) had a tendency to a particular psychological profile and relate the results with answers about career choices, investigating whether or not there was an association between choices of work and behavioral profile. The study was cross-sectional type, using two selfadministered questionnaires: a psychological profile one and another about professional interests, both of which were distributed to FOUSP students. The study was approved by the FOUSP Ethical Comittee. Data were organized and analyzed using STATA 12.0. Results: Participated on the study 415 students enrolled in Dentistry course, from all classes and semesters. Data collection was conducted during the second half of 2011. The sociodemographic characteristics presented show that 72.29% of the students were female and 27.71% male and were aged between 17 and 44 years (mean age 21.98 years). As to the reasons for choosing the course of dentistry, 54.94% of the participants indicated the vocation; 15.70% by having dentists in the family; 14.22% due to the possibility of flexible hours; 9.88% for financial success and 19.76% for other reasons. In a hypothetical situation of the same income and hours of work for several career alternatives, 58.07% of the students would prefer to work in his/ her private practice, 27.47% as an employee in the public sector, 15.18% as a faculty member and 8.19% as an employee in the private sector. Nonetheless, predicting the beginning of the career, 42.89% believed that their first job would be as an employee in private sector, 25.06% in his/her private practice, 23.37% as employee in the public sector and 16.63% pursuing a career in teaching. Looking 10 years ahead, 73.25% saw themselves working in their own clinic, 19.28% as employees in the public sector, 13.01% as faculty members and 7.47% as employees in the private sector. The contents considered more important to the professional success of dentists were, in descending order of importance: clinical (58.31%), basic (26.75%) and social disciplines (14.94%), for both genders. Almost all students, 98.31%, valued knowledge of administrative processes to manage dental offices or teams and 89.40% were interested in acquiring knowledge in the human resource management field. Regarding temperament, 46.27% were identified as SJ (Guardian), 21.45% NF (Idealist), 14.70% NT (Rational) and 3.13% SP (Artisan); 14.46% could not be defined. The predominant psychological types were ESTJ/Supervisor (13.49%), ISTJ/Inspector (13.25%), ISFJ/Protector (6.51%) and INFJ/Advisor and ENTJ/Marshall Field, which presented equal 6.27%. The SJ temperament was the most frequent in both female (48.00%) and males students (41.74%), but the second most common type was different between genders: NF in women (23.67%) and NT in men (21.74%). There was a statistically significant difference in this association, as demonstrated by the chi-square test (p = 0.003). To conclude, most of the students were likely to be SJ psychological temperament and the second most frequent type was the NF for students in virtually all semesters; however there was a difference between genders: the second category between women was NF, but NT for men. A statistically significant difference was found in the association between temperament and gender. The vast majority of students intended to exercise their professional activities in his or her own dental office. The other options followed this order of preference: employee in the public sector (less than half the percentage of first choice), member of faculty and employee in the private sector. No association was found between psychological profiles and choice of career.

Cette thèse a pour objet l’analyse des inégalités appliquées d’une part aux parcours éducatifs des jeunes et, d’autre part, à leurs répercussions sur l’emploi. En effet, les inégalités à l’insertion s’accentuent, non seulement entre détenteurs de diplômes distincts, mais aussi comparables. Pour expliquer les déterminants des choix individuels dans un contexte de file d’attente, nous mobilisons une approche socioéconomique originale autour des concepts de Sen et Bourdieu pour décrire les espaces d’opportunités dont disposent les jeunes. Une telle démarche nécessite dans une première partie une revue critique des théories usuelles de l’offre. Les théories de la demande offrent une prise en compte plus complète des caractéristiques des emplois, mais sont limitées pour expliquer le rôle des parcours éducatifs sur l’accès à l’emploi. Les conceptualisations de Sen et Bourdieu sont alors associées pour expliquer les situations de reproduction sociale comme de non-reproduction. Dans une seconde partie, les analyses s’intéressent en premier lieu aux parcours des diplômés en sciences à l’issue de l’obtention de la licence générale. La pondération des parcours par les capitaux économiques et culturels permet de caractériser les éléments qui contrecarrent ou renforcent une reproduction qui n’en demeure pas moins dominante. Les investigations sur les parcours sont prolongées autour du décrochage, à partir des données Génération 2010. Une lecture à l’aune des capabilités permet d’illustrer son caractère protéiforme et l’influence du milieu social. La dernière partie élargit la perspective à la transition sur le marché du travail. La pondération sociale est cette fois appliquée aux trajectoires de sortie du supérieur qui ne produisent pas les mêmes effets sur les capabilités pour l’emploi suivant le milieu social. In fine, les investigations sur les dispositifs d’accompagnement à l’insertion suggèrent qu’ils peuvent faciliter les transitions mais peinent à réduire les inégalités. / This thesis aims to analyze the inequalities in the educational pathways and their implications for access to the labor market. Indeed, integration inequalities are increasing, not only between holders of distinct degrees but also comparable. To explain the determinants of individual choices, we’re drawing on an original socio-economic approach mixing Sen and Bourdieu concepts to describe the opportunities available to young people in an institutional context marked by a queue.Such an approach requires, in a first part, a review of the usual theories around the labor supply. The labor queue and segmentation theories offer a more comprehensive view of the determinants of demand and job characteristics but are limited to explain the role of education on employment. Sen and Bourdieu conceptualizations are associated to overcome these limitations. This association makes it possible to explain situations of social reproduction as well as non-reproduction. Empirical investigations to operationalize the approach focus first deal with science graduates’ paths after obtaining the general bachelor. The weighting by economic and cultural capital of the courses helps characterize the elements which either stymie or reinforce a nonetheless dominant reproduction. Investigations on pathways are extended in a subsequent chapter on the issue of dropping out, using Generation 2010 data. A reading by capability yardsticks illustrates its protean character, varying with the social milieu. The last part broadens the Seno-Bourdieusian perspective to the transition to the labor market. This time, the social weighting is applied to trajectories in higher education and shows that these paths do not have the same effects on the "capabilities for work" following social milieu. Ultimately, investigations into the integration support devices suggest that if they can facilitate professional transitions, they are struggling to reduce the "capability gap".

A presente dissertação apresenta o estudo realizado sobre as cadeias operatórias da cultura material lítica coletada nos sítios Silva Serrote (Guimarânia) e Menezes (Perdizes), e a cerâmica coletada no segundo sítio. O objetivo é caracterizar aspectos culturais de populações pré-coloniais do vale do Paranaíba-MG, por meio da análise tecnológica dos vestígios materiais deixados no registro arqueológico, com o processamento de datações absolutas por Carbono 14 e Termoluminescência; Silva Serrote: 790± 190 AP (TL-FATEC-SP) e 760±50( C14-Gif-sur-Yvette) e Menezes 572±80 AP(TL-FATEC-SP). A análise tecnológica do material lítico do Silva Serrote (campanha 1985) versou sobre o estudo de 703 peças e 28 do Menezes (campanha 1991) e foram analisados 1939 elementos cerâmicos do sítio Menezes, coletados no âmbito do projeto arqueológico regional Quebra-Anzol. Por meio desta análise, foi possível a caracterização de alguns aspectos sócio-culturais sobre o modo de vida, assim como sobre o proceder e a escolha tecnológica destas populações. / This research presents a study about operational chains of lithic culture collected in the sites Silva Serrote and Menezes, and the pottery collected in the Menezes site. The goal is to establish some cultural aspects of the pre-colonial population that lived in the Paranaíba Valley (Minas Gerais State) using lithic and pottery technological analysis of this material, abandoned in the archaeological record. The material was dated by termoluminescence and Carbon 14. The lithic analysis of the Silva Serrote site was composed by 703(collected in 1985) pieces and Menezes 28 pieces(collected in 1991). The pottery analysis of the Menezes site embraced altogether 1939 pieces. This master thesis is related to a major sectional archaeological project named Quebra-Anzol. Through this work, it was possible to characterize some social and cultural aspects about the way of life, operational sequences and technological choices made by these groups.

Inom revisionsbranschen är det få kvinnor på de högre positionerna och speciellt på positionen delägare. Även tidigare forskning har visat att det råder stora skillnader i könsfördelningen på de högre positionerna i revisionsbyrån. Trots att könsfördelningen har på senare åren blivit jämnare på de lägre positionerna och mellanpositionerna i revisionsbranschen är det fortfarande väldigt små förändringar på delägarpositionen. Syftet med studien är att förstå och försöka få en mer ingående och mångfacetterad bild av hur karriärvalen för auktoriserade kvinnliga revisorer kan se ut.För att besvara studiens frågeställning har studien genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien utgår ifrån teorier och tidigare forskning inom området för kvinnliga revisorers karriär inom revisionsbranschen. Empirin har insamlats med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga auktoriserade revisorer från olika revisionsbyråer. Vidare har analysen belyst olika teorier och faktorer som var relevanta för komma fram till resultat och slutsatser.Studiens slutsats blev att de kvinnliga revisorernas karriär påverkas av ett antal faktorer som är viktiga och avgörande för karriärutveckling och avancemang. Vidare när det gäller att få kvinnor innehar delägarpositionen kan det förhållandevis förklaras genom att vikten ligger hos själva kvinnliga auktoriserade revisorer. Eftersom de själva som individer tar olika beslut och val vilka påverkar och formar kvinnors karriär inom revisionsbranschen. Dessa beslut och val är kopplade till andra prioriteringar och intressen kopplade till privatlivet till exempel familjen och moderskap. / In the auditing industry, few women appear in higher positions and especially in the position of co-owner. Previous research has also shown differences in the equality at the higher positions in the audit firms. Even though it has become more equal in the lower and middle positions in the auditing industry in recent years, there are still very small changes in the co-owner position. The purpose of this study is to understand and try to get a more detailed and multifaceted picture of how the career choices for authorized female auditors can look.In order to answer the study's question, the study was conducted with a qualitative method and with semi-structured interviews. The study is based on theories and previous research in the field of female auditors' careers in the auditing industry. The empirical material has been collected using semi-structured interviews with female authorized auditors from different auditing firms. Furthermore, the analysis has illustrated various theories and factors that were relevant for the results and conclusions.The conclusion of the study is that female auditors' career is influenced by several factors that are important and crucial for career development and advancement. Furthermore, to understand why few women have a co-ownership position, it can be explained by the fact that it depends on female authorized auditors themselves. Because they as individuals take different decisions and choices that affect and shape women's careers in the auditing industry. These decisions and choices are linked to other priorities and interests for example such as the family and motherhood.

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo elaborar uma proposta de ensino de língua portuguesa que vise direcionar alunos do 9° ano do Ensino Fundamental II a aplicar estratégias de leitura tendo como foco o texto literário, mais especificamente a estratégia de observar as escolhas lexicais realizadas por um escritor, para que possam fazer uso dessas observações na interpretação textual. Para isso, partimos da análise das escolhas lexicais de Lygia Fagundes Telles, observando o papel dos recursos expressivos encontrados em três contos da autora: Natal na Barca, Verde Lagarto Amarelo e A caçada. Procurou-se dar ênfase ao papel das palavras que exercem função caracterizadora na construção de elementos descritivos nos contos literários estudados. Com base na análise estabelecida, apontam-se direcionamentos para a prática pedagógica, que visem repensar o ensino da língua presente nos currículos escolares atualmente, buscando-se observar estratégias do ensino da leitura que refletem sobre questões linguísticas, discursivas e estéticas do texto. Na análise dos contos, procurou-se mostrar como a construção da caracterização do ambiente e das personagens por meio das escolhas lexicais ajuda a criar a atmosfera do texto, imprimindo uma imagem que se agrega à produção de efeitos de sentido, assim como a averiguar como os elementos expressivos no texto podem colaborar com seu entendimento, possibilitando leitura crítica e apreciação estética. Para se atingir o objetivo proposto, esta pesquisa se baseou na Morfologia, na Lexicologia, na Estilística e na Semântica, tanto para a análise do corpus quanto para a elaboração da sequência didática. Após a aplicação da sequência didática em sala de aula, verificou-se que os estudantes têm dificuldade em sistematizar conceitos gramaticais e utilizá-los na análise textual. Pôde-se observar, ainda, que quando existe uma estratégia clara e delineada para o aluno, este pode ser conduzido a compreender um texto com mais autonomia. / This research aims to develop a Portuguese Language teaching proposal to direct students of 9th grade of elementary school to apply for reading strategies focusing on literary text, specifically the strategy to observe the lexical choices made by a writer, so that they can make use of these observations in textual interpretation. For this, we start from the analysis of lexical choices of Lygia Fagundes Telles, noticing the role of some expressive resources found in three short-stories by the author: Natal na barca, Verde lagarto amarelo and A caçada. The study of these short-stories tries to emphasize the role of words which have important functions in the construction of descriptive elements in the literary texts. The established analysis intends to give some directions to the pedagogical practice, rethinking the teaching of this language in school curriculum, seeking for reading and teaching strategies that could reflect on language, discursive and aesthetic issues in the text. In the analysis of the short-stories, we tried to show how the construction of the characterization of the environment and the characters help to create the atmosphere of the text. Resulting on an image that adds to the meaning of the text and its impression effect, and also find out how the expressive elements in the text can collaborate with their understanding, enabling critical reading abilities and aesthetic appreciation. To achieve this purpose, this research was based on Morphology, Lexicology, Stylistics and Semantics for the analysis of the corpus and also for the elaboration of didactic sequence applied in the classroom. After the research application in the classroom, it was found that students have difficulty in systematize grammatical concepts and use them in textual analysis. It was also observed that when there is a clear and definite strategy for the student, it can leads to understand the text with more autonomy.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone Garbi Santana Molinari.pdf: 15585852 bytes, checksum: c72962abed8ae0e4c675c296032d283d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has risen from the questioning about the didactical choices made by literacy teachers and aimed to identify and search for the origins of those choices, as well as detect and understand the context and the dynamics of the teacher`s acts towards her students. The data were collected in a state public school of São Paulo, located in a state capital`s southeast neighborhood, at a 1st grade classroom, from September 2009 to March 2010. We assumed that the choices made by the literacy teachers would be partially intentional from the teaching point of view, however, they would not partially follow such orientations, deriving from the habitus and the common sense in the presence of the unforeseen demands of the school reality and the rooted practices as school culture. The data analyses were based on authors from Social Sciences theory and its respective concepts, such as: Pierre Bourdieu (habitus and practical or common sense), José Gimeno Sacristán (educational action and practice) and Philippe Perrenoud (bricolage). As procedures of the data collection we used direct observations of the classroom, questionnaire and interviews with the teacher. Such instruments aimed to know the school agents and understand the principles which lead the literacy teacher to make her choices and the relation with the didactical acts and practices inside the classroom. The data analysis indicated that the teacher`s acts were partially marked by the choice of the content according to the Program Ler e Escrever (Reading and Writing Program), however, preferentially oriented to the homogenization and discipline control of the children, by means of the dynamics of the chosen activities, or the strong mark of rhythm imposed to them. As they were conducts in favor or against the principles which direct the orientations of the program adopted in the state public school, we could detect the presence of bricolage , in which the habitus obtained in the first years with the family and then, at the beginning of the school life, explained by Bourdieu as the most present in a person s trajectory, oriented the teacher s practice towards her students. Placed with innovative practices predicted in the official program, the results also pointed that the effective act contributed to the social promotion of her teaching career / O presente trabalho partiu do questionamento sobre as escolhas didáticas feitas por professores alfabetizadores no exercício da profissão e teve como objetivos identificar e procurar as origens dessas escolhas, assim como detectar e compreender o contexto e a dinâmica das ações da professora com seus alunos. Os dados foram colhidos em uma escola da rede pública estadual de São Paulo, localizada em um bairro da zona sudeste da capital, em uma sala de 1ª série, entre setembro de 2009 e março de 2010. A hipótese era a de que as escolhas feitas pelos professores alfabetizadores seriam parcialmente intencionais do ponto de vista do ensino, porém, parcialmente não seguiriam tais orientações, decorrendo do habitus e do senso prático diante dos imprevistos da realidade escolar e das práticas sedimentadas como cultura escolar. A análise de dados foi feita à luz de referencial teórico de autores das Ciências Sociais e seus respectivos conceitos, tais como: Pierre Bourdieu (habitus e senso prático), José Gimeno Sacristán (ação e prática educativa) e Philippe Perrenoud (bricolage). Como procedimentos de coleta de dados foram utilizados observações diretas em sala de aula, questionário e entrevista feitos com a professora. Tais instrumentos tiveram como objetivo conhecer os agentes escolares e compreender os princípios que levam uma professora alfabetizadora a fazer suas escolhas e a relação com as ações e práticas didáticas realizadas em sala de aula. A análise dos dados apontou que as ações da professora observada estiveram parcialmente marcadas pela seleção de conteúdos em acordo com o Programa Ler e Escrever, mas, preferencialmente, orientadas para a homogeneização e controle da disciplina das crianças, seja pela dinâmica das atividades escolhidas, seja pela marca forte do ritmo impresso a elas. Por se tratar de condutas a favor e outras contrárias aos princípios que norteiam as orientações do programa adotado na rede pública estadual, pode-se detectar a presença de bricolage , em que o habitus adquirido nos primeiros anos com a família e depois, no início da vida escolar, explicados por Bourdieu como os mais presentes na trajetória de uma pessoa, orientaram a prática da professora com seus alunos. Ao lado de ações inovadoras previstas no programa oficial, os resultados apontam, também, que a atuação efetivada contribuiu para a ascensão social de sua carreira docente