This study is exploring how social workers working for the Social Services in the Stockholm area, experience the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), which has become part of the Swedish law. The Social workers that participated in the study, are working with children that are being abused or witnessing abuse in their home environment. The students of the study focus on how the social workers think the new law can affect them in their work with the children. Furthermore, this study wants to investigate, if the new law can give the social workers a different approach when working. There were six social workers that participated in the study from different Social Service offices within the Stockholm area. The result of the study showed that the social workers were positive towards UNCRC becoming part of the Swedish law, but they illustrated having a low trust in how it will affect them in the practical work. However, collaboration with the welfare system, could make a difference on the children's future. The social workers also explained, that with the right knowledge, they could intercept the abused kids in their home earlier and faster.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka de yrkesverksammas perspektiv på det behandlingsarbete de utför med män som utövat våld i nära relation. Genom studien undersöktes även vilka incitament som yrkesverksamma ansåg vara verksamma respektive mindre verksamma för förövarnas hjälpsökande. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar utfördes en kvalitativ forskningsstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med sju yrkesverksamma inom området. Tidigare forskning påvisar att de finns försvårande faktorer för förövare i sitt hjälpsökande såsom en stigmatiserande samhällssyn. Forskningen belyser även hur förövare upplever yrkesverksammas bemötande som avgörande i deras förändringsprocess. Genom en tematisk analys utvecklades tre teman, Yrkesverksammas perspektiv på samhällssynen på förövare, Yrkesverksammas perspektiv på motiverings- och behandlingsarbete samt Tvång och frivillighet inom ramen för arbetet med förövare. Dessa analyserades med hjälp av våra valda teorier social inlärningsteori, genus, maskulinitet samt makt mellan yrkesverksam och klient. Studiens resultat påvisar att yrkesverksamma upplever en stigmatiserande samhällssyn av förövare som verkar försvårande. Tidigare forskning som används i studien bekräftas delvis genom studiens resultat. Resultatet belyser de yrkesverksammas upplevelse av samhällets okunskap och oförmåga att skilja på person och dennas handlingar, vilket bidrar till denna stigmatisering. De menar att samhällets maskulinitetsnormer som inte legitimerar sårbara känslor hos män bidrar till att känslor som ilska legitimeras, med detta menas att våld kan användas som strategi av män för att hantera sårbarhet. Vidare framkom att de yrkesverksammas bemötande och relationsskapande med förövaren har en avgörande betydelse i behandlingsprocessen, en slutsats utifrån detta är yrkesverksamma bär ett stort ansvar. Vidare lämnas de i studien förslag på att en förändring av samhällets syn på mansrollen och förövare kan verka förebyggande i arbetet med mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relation.  Nyckelord: Våld i nära relation, mäns våld mot kvinnor, behandlingsarbete, genus, makt, maskulinitet, mansnorm, mansideal, stigmatisering, Sverige. / The purpose of this study was to examine the professionals' perspectives on the treatment work they perform with men who have used violence in close relationships. The study also examined which incentives professionals considered to be effective and less effective for perpetrators seeking help. To answer the study's questions, a qualitative research study was conducted with semi-structured interviews together with seven professionals in the field. Previous research shows that there are aggravating factors for perpetrators in their search for help, such as a stigmatizing view of society. The research also sheds light on how perpetrators perceive the treatment of professionals as crucial in their process of change. Through a thematic analysis, three themes were developed, Professionals 'perspective on society's view of perpetrators, Professionals' perspective on motivation and treatment work and Coercion and voluntariness within the framework of work with perpetrators. These were analyzed with the help of our chosen theories social learning theory, gender, masculinity and power between professional and client. The results of the study show that professionals experience a stigmatizing view of society from perpetrators that seems aggravating. Previous research used in the study is confirmed in part by the results of the study. The result highlights the professionals' experience of society's ignorance and inability to distinguish between a person and his actions, which contributes to this stigma. They believe that society's norms of masculinity that do not legitimize vulnerable feelings in men help to legitimize feelings such as anger, by which is meant that violence can be used as a strategy by men to deal with vulnerability. Furthermore, it emerged that the professionals' treatment and relationship building with the perpetrator is of crucial importance in the treatment process, a conclusion based on this is that professionals carry a great deal of responsibility. Furthermore, the study suggests that a change in society's view of the male role and perpetrators can have a preventive effect in the work with men's violence against women in close relationships. Keywords: Violence in close relationships, men's violence against women, treatment work, gender, power, masculinity, male norm, male ideal, stigmatization, Sweden.

Världshälsoorganisationen har definierat mäns våld mot kvinnor som ett världshälsoproblem och är ett förekommande problem i det svenska samhället. Detta utgör en utmaning för folkhälsan och en kränkning av kvinnors mänskliga rättigheter. Historiskt har kvinnor kämpat för jämlikhet och lagstiftning som skyddar dem från våld, men trots formella rättigheter upplever kvinnor fortfarande våld som ger allvarliga fysiska och psykiska konsekvenser. Denna litteraturöversikt av kvalitativa studier vill belysa hur våldsutsatta kvinnor upplever vårdmötet. Elva artiklar har analyserats som kan appliceras till svensk sjukvård och ett resultat har yttrat sig i två huvudteman: "Emotionella upplevelser av vårdmötet” och “Vårdens betydelse för den våldsutsatta kvinnan”, samt fem tillhörande under teman. Resultatet visar att våldsutsatta kvinnors känslomässiga upplevelser av vårdmötet påverkas av hur vårdpersonal bemöter dem. Kvinnors upplevelser av vårdmötet inkluderar känslor av att bli ignorerade och skuldbelagda men även upplevelser av att bli sedd och bli lyssnad till när vårdpersonalen tar sig tid, är lyhörd, visar empati och skapar en trygg miljö. På grund av olika hinder som dålig vårdmiljö, rädsla hos kvinnor och okunskap hos vårdpersonal skapar det svårigheter i kommunikationen för att kvinnan ska våga be om hjälp och vårdpersonalen att hjälpa. Det ligger på vården att ta initiativ att lyfta frågan om våld samt skapa kontinuitet för att fånga upp och stödja kvinnor som utsatts för våld i hemmet. Det krävs stora insatser som mer resurser, mer personal och utbildning på organisatorisk nivå och individnivå för att skapa förutsättningar för en god vård samt främja läkningsprocessen och återuppbygga förtroendet hos våldsutsatta kvinnor. / World health organization has defined men's violence against women as a global public health issue and it’s a prevalent problem in the Swedish society. This poses a challenge to public health and a violation of women's human rights. Historically, women have fought for equality and legislation to protect them from violence, but despite formal rights, women still experience violence that results in severe physical and psychological consequences. This literature review of qualitative studies aims to shed light on how abused women experience the healthcare encounter. Eleven articles have been analyzed, that can be applied to Swedish healthcare and the result manifest in two main themes: "The emotional experiences of the healthcare encounter" and "The significance of healthcare for the abused woman," with five related sub-themes. The findings indicate that abused women's emotional experiences of the healthcare encounter are influenced by how healthcare professionals treat them. Women's experiences of the healthcare encounter include feelings of being ignored and blamed, but also experiences of being seen and listened to when healthcare professionals take the time, are responsive, show empathy, and create a safe environment. Due to various obstacles such as poor healthcare environment, fear among women, and lack of knowledge among healthcare personnel creates difficulties in communication for the woman to dare to seek help and for healthcare professionals to provide assistance. It is up to the healthcare professionals to take the initiative to address the issue of violence and create continuity to identify and support these women. Significant efforts are needed as more resources, more healthcare personnel and education, at an organizational- and individual level to create conditions for good healthcare and promote the healing process and rebuilding trust for abused women.

The overarching question of the study was how common mutual love is, and to what extent attachment relates to relationship asymmetries. Four research questions and four hypotheses were posed and explored using a cross-sectional survey design with data analyzed using quantitative methods. Instruments were employed to measure passionate love, companionate love, partner value, emotional involvement and attachment. All four hypotheses found partial support. The main result show that a) asymmetries are relatively common on all scales b) mutual love means increased satisfaction, but mainly for women c) for most couples partners take turn at being the strong link, and this fluctuating dynamic leads to increased satisfaction c) attachment anxiety is related to asymmetries in romantic obsession rather than general passion d) avoidance in men relate to asymmetries in passionate love whereas avoidance in women relate to asymmetries in companionate love e) it seems common to have some form of positive illusions about whether one’s relationship is mutual or not. Finally, disagreeing about emotional involvement affects satisfaction more than actual asymmetries in love. The conclusion drawn is that honest communication is more important than mutual love.

Thèse en cotutelle avec l'Université de Strasbourg. / Le vieillissement de la population nous amène à imaginer de nouvelles approches pour promouvoir la santé et le bien-être à un âge avancé. Les liens sociaux et la mobilité quotidienne jouent potentiellement un rôle important, mais ces dynamiques sont actuellement mal comprises. Cette thèse vise à explorer comment les réseaux sociaux des aînés s'intègrent dans leurs espaces d'activité, et comment les relations sociales, inscrites dans l'environnement spatial, sont associées au bien-être. La thèse explore les données de l’étude CURHA collectées au Québec au sein de la cohorte NuAge. La population d’étude comprend 183 aînés âgés de 79 ans et plus enquêtés en 2014 et 2015, habitant dans les régions de Montréal et Sherbrooke. Le premier volet de cette thèse est de nature méthodologique, et concerne le développement d’un module de questionnaire cartographique interactif permettant de recueillir à la fois des lieux d’activité réguliers et des relations sociales, ces deux niveaux d'information connectés en fonction des “personnes vues dans les lieux d’activités”. Ces données ont été représentées en réseaux bipartites, ce qui a permis de distinguer des structures en étoile formées d’un nœud central connecté à un ensemble de nœuds périphériques. Ces structures identifient d’une part un lieu où l’aîné voit plusieurs personnes, qui pour la plupart, ne sont rencontrées qu’en ce lieu, et d’autre part une personne centrale avec qui plusieurs activités sont réalisées, de manière relativement exclusive.  Le deuxième volet de la thèse porte sur les liens entre les relations sociales et le bien-être émotionnel. Les relations sociales peuvent être catégorisées en relations proches, personnelles, ou de camaraderie. Le nombre de camarades et la présence d’une relation proche sont positivement associés au niveau de bien-être émotionnel, tandis que le nombre de relations personnelles est associé négativement au bien-être émotionnel.  Le dernier volet décrit de manière plus détaillée la distribution des catégories de relations sociales au sein des structures en étoiles identifiées dans les réseaux bipartites. Les relations proches représentent la majorité des personnes qui sont rencontrées ou qui accompagnent les personnes âgées dans un grand nombre de lieux d’activités. La résidence primaire est un lieu de socialisation importante, tandis que les lieux non résidentiels semblent servir de cadre privilégié aux relations de groupes. Les relations personnelles sont plus fréquentes au domicile des participants que dans les autres lieux d'activités. Cette thèse montre que l'analyse de réseau offre un cadre utile pour étudier les relations sociales en rapport avec l'environnement géospatial. Elle met en lumière la concentration de la vie sociale des aînés dans un nombre restreint de lieux d’activités, ainsi que la distribution spatiale différentielle de catégories de relations sociales spécifiquement associée au bien-être émotionnel. Ces approches peuvent soutenir la compréhension des influences socio-environnementales et favoriser la santé et le bien-être des aînés. / The aging of the population leads us to imagine new approaches to promote health and well-being in old age. Social connections and daily mobility potentially play an important role, but these dynamics are currently poorly understood. This thesis aims to explore how older adults' social networks fit into their activity spaces, and how social relationships, embedded in the spatial environment, are associated with well-being. The thesis explores data from the Contrasted Urban settings for Healthy Aging (CURHA) study collected in Quebec within the NuAge cohort. The study population includes 183 older adults aged 79 years and older surveyed in 2014 and 2015, living in the Montréal and Sherbrooke regions. The first part of this thesis is methodological, and concerns the development of an interactive cartographic questionnaire module allowing to collect both regular activity locations and social relationships, those two layers of information connected by “people seen at activity locations”. These data were represented as bipartite networks, which allowed us to identify star-like structures formed by a central node connected to a set of peripheral nodes. These structures identify, on the one hand, a location where the older adult sees several people, most of whom he or she meets only in that place, and on the other hand, a central person with whom several activities are carried out, while being the only person seen in most of these locations. The second part of the thesis focuses on the links between social relationships and emotional well-being. Social relationships can be categorized into close relationships, personal relationships, or companionship. The number of companions and the presence of a close relationship are positively associated with emotional well-being, while the number of personal relationships is negatively associated with emotional well-being.  The final section describes in more detail the distribution of social relationship categories within the star-like structures identified within the bipartite networks. Close relations represent the majority of people who are met or accompany the elderly in a large number of activity locations. The primary residence is an important place of socialization, while non-residential places seem to serve as a privileged setting for group relations. Personal relationships are most common in participants' homes. This thesis shows that network analysis provides a useful framework for studying social relationships within the geospatial environment. It highlights the concentration of older adults' social lives in a limited number of activity locations, as well as the differential spatial distribution of social relationship categories specifically associated with emotional well-being. These approaches can help to understand the socio-environmental influences on older adults' health and well-being.