The purpose of this study was to understand the obstacles faced as well as strategies used by 6 graduates of a small rural high school in Southern Middle Tennessee. Specifically, this study was an examination of the life experiences of 6 graduates, identifying the major obstacles faced and the successful strategies used to complete the requirements for a high school diploma. Qualitative methodology guided this study. This approach allowed for the lived experiences to be examined and the voices of 6 participants be heard. Data collected included participant stories using semistructured interviews conducted using an interview protocol, drawing of a concept map, and prioritization of influences according to their perspective regarding their diploma completion. Other valuable data included researcher field notes and graduation coach file notes. Findings are presented in 6 themes pertaining directly to the interview questions regarding key elements—circumstances leading to a relationship with a graduation coach, discussions during grad coach sessions, nongrad parent influences, parent expectations, grade retention, and strategies implemented by the graduation coach. After the collection and analysis of all data, the researcher coded the data to determine emerging themes. Much of the researcher’s work consisted of processing the data to discover categories and patterns among the stories told by the 6 graduate participants, as presented in the qualitative narrative analysis methodology. Through the narrative inquiry method of this study, the examination of the stories of 6 graduates reveals that a relationship with at least 1 caring adult in the high school setting is imperative to successful high school completion. This adult may offer assistance through a variety of ways such as developing an academic plan of action, building confidence, arranging tutoring sessions, or tracking progress.

One-to-one mobile technology integration is the goal of increasing numbers of school districts each year, and many factors exist to consider when measuring success. The research problem for this qualitative study focused on one of the critical components for measuring success: the need for effective teacher professional development. The purpose of this study was to examine (a) principles and practices to facilitate the integration of one-to-one mobile technologies into professional learning experiences, and (b) the perceptions of technology instructional coaches regarding changes in teachers' practice and attitudes following professional development. The conceptual framework included Knowles's theory of andragogy and Koehler and Mishra's TPACK framework. In two rounds, 19 interviews were conducted with 13 technology instructional coaches. Thirteen coaches were interviewed in round one and from that data six high level coaches were identified for a second round of interviews. The data from both interview rounds were analyzed and coded to identify themes and categories. The key findings revealed that effective one-to-one mobile technology integration requires supportive leadership; building culture and relationships; instructional design with standards and frameworks; building collaborative, job-embedded teacher agency; and personalized learning with differentiated delivery. All stakeholders could use the key results to make informed decisions for planning and implementing professional learning opportunities. This study may affect positive social change by enhancing how technology is integrated into teaching and learning through increased teacher engagement in professional learning.

<p>Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är att jag vill titta närmare på hur man bygger ett framgångsrikt ishockeylag, där man får ut det mesta av varje individ för att på så vis bilda en svårslagen enhet samt hur en coach kan arbeta för att skapa ett klimat som uppmuntrar till utveckling, både på isen och vid sidan om.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska den vetenskapliga kunskap som finns om hur ett lag och dess individer kan coachas samt ta reda på hur elitseriecoacher arbetar för att coacha laget och individen och hur elitseriespelare vill att coachen ska agera.</p><p>Följande frågeställningar ligger till grund för mitt arbete:</p><ul><li>Hur arbetar elitseriecoacher i ishockey med att coacha individen och laget?</li><li>Hur vill elitseriespelare att en coach ska coacha individen och laget?</li></ul><p>Undersökningen består av kvalitativa intervjuer med ett urval av Elitseriens coacher. För att jag också ska få en bild av hur en elitseriespelare upplever att coacherna agerar samt hur de vill att de ska agera, så kommer också intervjuer med ett urval av elitserielagens lagkaptener att genomföras.</p><p>Undersökningens resultat visar att mycket av den kunskap som finns i den vetenskapliga forskningen om coaching också återfinns i intervjupersonernas svar. Enligt intervjupersonerna ser den moderna ishockeycoachen väldigt annorlunda ut, jämfört med den traditionella. Framförallt betonades detta av spelarna, samtidigt som coacherna genom sina svar också visade prov på att det finns en stor medvetenhet om hur coaching kan bedrivas, både när det gäller laget som helhet och den individuella spelaren. Den vetenskapliga kunskapen tycks praktiseras även ute i verkligheten, även om den ibland kan ta sig olika former eller anpassas till de regler och normer som gäller inom ishockeyns värld. Jag upplever att de coacher som finns med i undersökningen arbetar på ett sätt som stämmer väl överens med hur spelarna i undersökningen vill att coachen ska agera. Det var också tydligt att de uppskattade den nya moderna coachingen mer än den gamla stilen.</p> / <p>The background to this essay is that I want to have a closer look at how a coach can get the most out of every individual in order to form a successful ice hockey team as well as how a coach can work to create a climate that encourages progress, both on and off the ice.</p><p>The purpose of the essay is to explore the scientific knowledge that exists about coaching a team and its individuals as well as finding out how Elite League coaches work with coaching the team and the individual and how Elite League players would like the coach to act.</p><p>The study is based on these questions:</p><ul><li>How do Elite League coaches work with coaching the individual and the team?</li><li>How would Elite League players like their coach to work with coaching the individual and the team?</li></ul><p>The study consists of qualitative interviews with at sample of Elite League coaches. To get an idea of how Elite League players experience their coaches’ behavior and how the players would like the coaches to act, qualitative interviews will also be conducted with a sample of the Elite League teams’ players. These players are the player captains of their respective teams.</p><p>The result of the study shows that a lot of the knowledge prevalent in scientific research are also figuring in the responses I got through my interviews. The respondents made it clear that the modern ice hockey coach is very different from the traditional ice hockey coach. This point was stressed the most by the players, while the coaches showed through their responses that the awareness of how coaching can be practiced is high, both regarding the team as a whole and the individual player. The scientific knowledge is seemingly also practiced in reality, although it may take a variety of different forms or be adapted to the rules and norms in the world of ice hockey. My apprehension was that the coaches of the study to high degree coached in a way that consisted with how the players of the study wanted their coach to act. It was also clear that the players appreciated the new modern style of coaching more than the traditional style.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

The purpose of this study was to examine the following research questions in Turkish coaching context: a) How do coaches perceive sport science research? b) Which sources do coaches utilize when obtaining the knowledge they need? c) What obstacles do coaches confront when trying to access the knowledge they need? Participants were 322 coaches (256 men, 66 women) from diverse sports and coaching levels working in Ankara. &ldquo / New Ideas for Coaches&rdquo / questionnaire by Reade, Rodgers and Hall (2008) was translated and adapted into Turkish for the current study. There was a strong concurrence between Turkish coaches in terms of the belief that sport science contributes to sport (%78). Gaps exist, however, between what coaches were looking for and the research that is being conducted. Coaches were most likely to attend seminars or consult other coaches to get new information. Scientific publications were ranked very low by the coaches. The barriers to the coaches&rsquo / access to sport science were finding out the source of information, being able to implement the knowledge that was obtained from sport sciences into field of coaching, lack of monetary support for the expenses about obtaining knowledge, and language barrier respectively. Coaches&rsquo / demographic characteristics influenced their perceptions of and preferences for obtaining new information. Strategies to remove the barriers could include providing further education opportunities for coaches and eligible scientific knowledge sources to ensure successful knowledge transfer.

The objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics in the athlete-coach relationship in the course of athletic career, from the perspective of one individual sport athlete and one team sport athlete. The study tried to answer the following questions: (1) How one team sport athlete and one individual sport athlete perceive the athlete-coach relationships at different stages of the athletic career? (2) How the athlete-coach relationships change in the course of the athletic career from the perspective of a team sport athlete and an individual sport athlete? (3) How athletes perceive the characteristics of their most influential coaches? As theoretical frameworks the 3+1Cs conceptualization of coach-athlete relationship (Jowett, 2007), the multidimensional model of leadership (Chelladurai, 1990), and the developmental model on transitions faced by athletes (Wylleman &amp; Lavallee, 2004) were used. In-depth narrative interviews were used. One team sport athlete and one individual sport athlete that had been active in their sport for at least 10 years were interviewed. Four analyses were made: sjuzet-fabula analysis, holistic-content analysis, categorical-content analysis, and critical narrative analysis. Poetic representations were used to present parts of the results. The results show that the athletes perceive their relationship to their coach differently in different stages of their career. They perceived the athlete-coach relationship as dynamic in structure. Finally their most influential coach could be found in the developmental stage of their career and this coach was important to them in different ways. The results were discussed in relation to theoretical frameworks and previous research. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka dynamiken i relationen mellan idrottare och tränare under idrottarens karriär detta från en lagidrottare och en individuell idrottares perspektiv. Studien försökte svara på följande frågor: (1). Hur upplever en lagidrottare och en individuell idrottare relationen till tränaren under olika stadier av idrottskarriären? (2.) Hur relationen mellan tränare och idrottare förändras under idrottskarriärens gång ur en lagidrottares och en individuell idrottares perspektiv? (3). Hur upplever idrottarna deras mest inflytelserika tränares egenskaper? Som teoretisktramverk användes 3+1Cs begreppsmässighet av relationen mellan tränare och idrottare (Jowett, 2007), den multidimensionella modellen av ledarskap (Chelladurai, 1990), och utvecklingsmodellen för övergångar upplevda av idrottare (Wylleman &amp; Lavallee, 2004). Djupgående narrativa intervjuer användes. En lagidrottare och en individuell idrottare som varit aktiv i minst 10 år intervjuades. Fyra analyser utfördes: sjuzet-fabula analys, holistisk innehållsanalys, kategorisk innehållsanalys, och kritisk narrativ analys. Poetisk representation användes för att presenterar delar av resultatet. Resultatet visade att idrottarna upplevde deras tränare olika i olika steg i deras karriär. De upplevde relationen mellan idrottare och tränare som dynamisk i sin struktur. Slutligen kunde deras mest inflytelserikaste tränare hittas i utvecklingssteget i deras karriär och tränaren var viktig för dem på olika sätt. Resultaten diskuterades i förhållande till teoretiskt ramverka och tidigare forskning.

Bus and other road-bound services like tram and light railway are the backbone of the German local public transport sector. Based on the characterization of high deficits and fragmentation, five main research questions and hypotheses are investigated in this dissertation. First, advanced Stochastic Frontier models which account for unobserved heterogeneity and heterogeneous output variables are used to study cost efficiency and its determinants such as the vehicle utilization rate. Second, economies of scale and scope are evaluated. Third, based on the finding of substantial economies of scale, potential gains from hypothetical mergers are calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis. Fourth, I focus on competitive tendering, another option to increase efficiency in this sector. Analyzing operator changes, I find in majority regional bus services tendered out and structural conditions significantly increasing the probability for operator changes, like tendering in bigger volumes. Fifth, internal and external cost advantages for express coach services as a diversification option for public transport are confirmed. In conclusion, the results of my research are relevant to the strategic decision process of firm management as well as regulators.

Bakgrunden till uppsatsen är att jag vill titta närmare på hur man bygger ett framgångsrikt ishockeylag, där man får ut det mesta av varje individ för att på så vis bilda en svårslagen enhet samt hur en coach kan arbeta för att skapa ett klimat som uppmuntrar till utveckling, både på isen och vid sidan om. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska den vetenskapliga kunskap som finns om hur ett lag och dess individer kan coachas samt ta reda på hur elitseriecoacher arbetar för att coacha laget och individen och hur elitseriespelare vill att coachen ska agera. Följande frågeställningar ligger till grund för mitt arbete: Hur arbetar elitseriecoacher i ishockey med att coacha individen och laget? Hur vill elitseriespelare att en coach ska coacha individen och laget? Undersökningen består av kvalitativa intervjuer med ett urval av Elitseriens coacher. För att jag också ska få en bild av hur en elitseriespelare upplever att coacherna agerar samt hur de vill att de ska agera, så kommer också intervjuer med ett urval av elitserielagens lagkaptener att genomföras. Undersökningens resultat visar att mycket av den kunskap som finns i den vetenskapliga forskningen om coaching också återfinns i intervjupersonernas svar. Enligt intervjupersonerna ser den moderna ishockeycoachen väldigt annorlunda ut, jämfört med den traditionella. Framförallt betonades detta av spelarna, samtidigt som coacherna genom sina svar också visade prov på att det finns en stor medvetenhet om hur coaching kan bedrivas, både när det gäller laget som helhet och den individuella spelaren. Den vetenskapliga kunskapen tycks praktiseras även ute i verkligheten, även om den ibland kan ta sig olika former eller anpassas till de regler och normer som gäller inom ishockeyns värld. Jag upplever att de coacher som finns med i undersökningen arbetar på ett sätt som stämmer väl överens med hur spelarna i undersökningen vill att coachen ska agera. Det var också tydligt att de uppskattade den nya moderna coachingen mer än den gamla stilen. / The background to this essay is that I want to have a closer look at how a coach can get the most out of every individual in order to form a successful ice hockey team as well as how a coach can work to create a climate that encourages progress, both on and off the ice. The purpose of the essay is to explore the scientific knowledge that exists about coaching a team and its individuals as well as finding out how Elite League coaches work with coaching the team and the individual and how Elite League players would like the coach to act. The study is based on these questions: How do Elite League coaches work with coaching the individual and the team? How would Elite League players like their coach to work with coaching the individual and the team? The study consists of qualitative interviews with at sample of Elite League coaches. To get an idea of how Elite League players experience their coaches’ behavior and how the players would like the coaches to act, qualitative interviews will also be conducted with a sample of the Elite League teams’ players. These players are the player captains of their respective teams. The result of the study shows that a lot of the knowledge prevalent in scientific research are also figuring in the responses I got through my interviews. The respondents made it clear that the modern ice hockey coach is very different from the traditional ice hockey coach. This point was stressed the most by the players, while the coaches showed through their responses that the awareness of how coaching can be practiced is high, both regarding the team as a whole and the individual player. The scientific knowledge is seemingly also practiced in reality, although it may take a variety of different forms or be adapted to the rules and norms in the world of ice hockey. My apprehension was that the coaches of the study to high degree coached in a way that consisted with how the players of the study wanted their coach to act. It was also clear that the players appreciated the new modern style of coaching more than the traditional style.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Scientific studies show that good leadership is a key factor for group- and individual development. Studies have also shown that the contrary can curb talented individuals and/or cause stagnation, or even cause groups to halt their progression. This essay studies how leaders in musical and athletic environments look on their own leadership. In interviews, the leaders reflect upon experienced issues related to their profession, their views on difficulties in their leading role, as well as individual, and group development. This study also includes two observations, one in each field of profession. The answers in the interviews have been compared in order to identify possible differences and/or similarities between the two different career fields . The comparison also serve as a background for a discussion on wether the two different leader professions can learn from each other. The study shows that the stereotype portrait of the screaming hockey coach isn’t entirely accurate when to describe the leaders who coach young hockey players in Sweden. The study also shows that the leaders in choral singing has a very strong position and often single-handedly pilots their groups against put up targets. / Forskning visar att ett gott ledarskap är en viktig faktor för att grupper och individer skall utvecklas och motsatsen kan hämma duktiga individer och/eller få grupper att stagnera eller till och med gå bakåt i utvecklingen. Denna studie undersöker musik- och idrottsledares syn på sitt eget ledarskap. Ledarna svarar i kvalitativa intervjuer på frågor kring sin egen syn på ledarskap, svårigheter med ledarskapet, individutveckling och grupputveckling. Intervjuerna kompletteras även av två observationer, en inom varje område. Dessa musik- och idrottsledares svar jämför jag för att undersöka likheter och skillnader samt för en diskussion kring resultatet och om det finns något de kan lära av varandra. Studien visar bland annat att schablonbilden av den skrikande ishockeytränaren inte riktigt stämmer överens med de ledare som utbildar unga ishockeyspelare i Sverige och att ledare inom körsång har en mycket stark ställning och ofta ensam lotsar sina grupper mot uppsatta mål.

Burnout is a psychological concept that have got much attention since it was first defined in the middle of the 1970s. Although the definition of burnout differ there is consensus about exhaustion as the most important part of the concept. Burnout have also been in focus in sport psychology research. Mostly athletes have been studied but interest the coach profession have also been of interest. Research on coach burnout have mostly been directed towards demographic variables, organizational issues, behaviors and emotions and more holistic perspectives covering larger models or theories. The aims with this thesis was to try to fill some of the knowledge gaps from earlier coach burnout research with three studies. Study 1 aimed to study subjective experiences associated with perceived causes and symptoms of burnout and the subsequent recovery process. Eight elite soccer coaches who previously had been troubled with high scores of the exhaustion was interviewed. We found two burnout profiles that matched the coaches’ perceived causes of burnout. The first was associatedwith problems in handling the performance culture itself and the second had to do with the overall situation, including workload, family and health. Our findings describe coach burnout as stemming from a combination of issues, related to both home and work. When combined with work overload, coaches who have problems handling the performance culture in elite sports, and who lack the tools to enhance recovery, are particularly vulnerable to burnout. Study 2 focused on evaluating three self-report burnout measures that are available for researchers to use. Our analysis included Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Coach Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ). The main findings were that there are psychometric problems with all three measures and that MBI and OLBI cover similar definitions of burnout and CBQ cover somewhat different dimensions. Of the three methods that were tested CBQ seem to be most suitable for the coaching context. However, CBQ also have several problems and other burnout measures need to be evaluated in the coach context. Study 3 focused on the associations between workaholic tendencies and combining coaching job with having a family or a spouse, which can be a stressor since the work situation and family situation can be hard to combine. The main findings were that work seem to interfere more with family life than family life interfere with working live. Further workaholic tendencies and exhaustion was not associated. When interpreting the aggregated results from the thesis there are two main findings. First, the way coach burnout has been measured until now is unsatisfying. Although the development of a coach specific measure (CBQ) is promising, further development is needed, both when it comes to the theoretical aspects of the burnout construct and psychometric issues. Second, the symptoms and perceived causes in coach burnout is highly individual and makes burnout a very personal experience. Future research should focus on both the origins as well as the measurement of thisdetrimental concept. / Utbrändhet är ett psykologiskt begrepp som har fått mycket uppmärksamhet sedan den först introducerades i mitten av 1970-talet. Även om synen på vad utbrändhet är skiljer sig åt finns en enighet om att utmattning är huvudsymptomet. Utbrändhet har studerats inom idrottspsykologisk forskning sedan början av 1980-talet. Mestadels har intresset legat på idrottare men intresse har också riktats mot tränaryrket. Forskning om tränares utbrändhet har främst intresserat sig för demografiska variabler, organisationens påverkan, beteenden och känslor samt mer övergripande modeller eller teorier som täcker flera områden. Syftet med denna avhandling var att försöka fylla en del av de kunskapsluckor som funnits i tidigare forskning med tre studier. Studie 1 syftade till att studera tränares subjektiva upplevelser av utmattning kopplat till upplevda orsaker och symptom av utbrändhet samt vägen tillbaka från utbrändhet. Åtta elitfotbollstränare som tidigare hade haft problem med utmattning intervjuades. Huvudresultatet i studien var att det fanns två sätt att uppfatta utbrändhetsprocessen. Antingen såg man miljön runt elitfotbollen som den stora orsaken eller så upplevdes hela livssituationen med små stressande händelser kopplade till arbetsbelastning, familj och hälsa som problematiska. Studie 2 fokuserade på att utvärdera tre frågeformulär som är lämpliga i en tränarkontext. I analysen ingår Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), som oftast använts, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) och Coach Burnout Questionnaire (CBQ). De viktigaste resultaten var att det dels finns problem med alla tre samt att MBI och OLBI täcker liknande definitioner av utbrändhet medan CBQ mäter lite andra aspekter. Slutsatsen från studien är att CBQ verkar passa bäst för den kontext där idrottstränare arbetar även om CBQ också har en del problematiska inslag. Studie 3 fokuserade på arbetsnarkomani och att kombinera tränarjobb med familjeliv har ett samband med utmattning. Huvudresultaten i studie 3 var att det framförallt verkar vara arbetet som störa familjelivet än familjelivet som stör arbetslivet. Ytterligare fanns inget statistiskt stöd att arbetsnarkomani skulle ha ett samband med utmattning. När det sammanlagda resultatet från hela avhandlingen tolkas utifrån vilken ny kunskap denna avhandling tillför finns två huvudbidrag. Det första är att problemen med de frågeformulär som hittills använts för att mäta utbrändhet har lyfts upp. Även om det är lovande att det utvecklats ett idrottsspecifikt formulär finns tillgängligt så finns det både teoretiska och mättekniska aspekter som behöver utvecklas. Det andra bidraget är att de symptom som ingår i upplevelsen av utbrändhet verkar vara olika för olika individer. Framtida forskning bör fokusera både på hur teoretiska och mättekninska aspekter av utbrändhetsbegreppet.