Ce mémoire porte sur le comportement des solitons affectés, lors de leur entrée dans un guide d'onde à fibre optique, d'une légère distorsion de profil par rapport au profil stationnaire dans le guide. Notre modèle théorique combine l'équation de propagation du champ électrique (Equation de Schrödinger Non Linéaire) et le système d'équations d'évolution des paramètres physiques de l'impulsion (issu de la théorie des coordonnées collectives). Nous dressons une cartographie générale qui dévoile une diversité insoupçonnée de comportements dynamiques au voisinage de l'état stationnaire de l'impulsion, liée à la perturbation initiale du profil de l'impulsion. Cette cartographie établit une classification des solitons en deux grandes familles, correspondant respectivement aux impulsions lumineuses qui génèrent un rayonnement au cours de leur propagation et aux impulsions non rayonnantes. Au sein de chacune de ces deux grandes familles d'impulsions, nous démontrons l'existence de comportements atypiques, que nous qualifions de solitons hyperthermiques (solitons chauds), solitons hypothermiques (solitons froids), et solitons isothermiques, qui correspondent respectivement à des impulsions qui se propagent de manière hautement stable avec un niveau d'énergie supérieur, inférieur, et égal à l'énergie de l'état stationnaire. Aux frontières des domaines d'existence de ces différents types de soliton, nous trouvons des comportements hybrides, correspondant à des solitons qui se refroidissent en cours de propagation suite à une perte significative d'énergie provoquée par un rayonnement intense, et qui changent d'état (de l'hyperthermie à l'hypothermie, ou de l'isothermie à l'hypothermie). Enfin, l'onde de rayonnement émise par une impulsion lumineuse n'est pas identifiée comme étant un processus continuel, mais plutôt comme une bouffée d'énergie émise en début de propagation, et sa suppression dans le guide d'onde est considérée comme réalisable

Les lasers à fibres à modes bloqués font partie des rares systèmes qui permettent de réaliser une variété de fonctions optiques élaborées, au moyen de peu de composants optiques. La gestion de la dispersion apporte à ce type de lasers une variété de comportements, qui est si riche que la cartographie complète et l’analyse détaillée des états stables deviennent difficilement réalisable lorsqu’on utilise les outils conventionnels basés sur les équations de propagation du champ intra-cavité. Dans cette thèse nous montrons que l’adjonction de la technique des coordonnées collectives aux outils théoriques conventionnels, permet de résoudre au moins en partie le problème de la complexité et l’extrême diversité des états stables des cavités gérées en dispersion. En particulier, nous proposons l’ACCD (approche des coordonnées collectives dynamiques), comme un outil théorique permettant de réaliser des gains de performance substantiels dans des opérations de recherche et caractérisation des états stables du laser. D’autre part, le recours à l’approche des cordonnées collectives nous permet de mettre en évidence des effets majeurs induits par certains phénomènes qui étaient jusqu’à présent largement sous-estimés. Notamment, nous mettons en évidence des modifications majeures desdomaines respectifs des différents états stables du laser, qui surviennent lorsqu’on change la bande passant de la fitre. D’autre part, en considérant une cavité où la largeur spectrale du champ lumineux (3.12 THz) est d’un ordre de grandeur plus petite que la largeur de la bande du gain Raman, nous mettons en lumière des effets remarquables de la diffusion Raman sur les phénomènes d’hystérésis. / Mode-locked fiber laser are among the few systems that allow to achieve a variety of elaborate optical functions, by means of few optical components. The use of dispersion management brings to this type of lasers a variety of behaviors, which is so rich that the complete mapping and detailed analysis of the stable states becomes impractical when conventional tools based on the intra-cavity field propagation equations, are used. In this thesis we show that the addition of the technique ofcollective coordinates to the conventional theoretical tools, allows to solve at least in part the problem of complexity and diversity of the stable states of the cavity. In particular, we propose the DCCA (dynamical collective coordinate approach), as a theoretical tool to achieve substantial performance gains in search and characterization of stable states of the laser. Furthermore, the use of the collective coordinated approach allows us to highlight major effects induced by certain phenomena that were until now largely underestimated. In particular, we highlight major changes in the respective areas ofthe different stable states of the laser, which occur when changing the width of the band-pass filter BPF. Furthermore, considering a cavity where the spectral width of the light field (3.12 THz) is an order of magnitude smaller than the bandwidth of the Raman gain, we highlight remarkable effects of Raman scattering on hysteresis phenomena.

Cette thèse applique et développe le paradigme de l’ergonomie constructive à la conception de l’organisation. Le développement de l’individu et des organisations est présenté à travers l’approche des capabilités et plus spécifiquement par l’approche des capabilités collectives, qui ne sont pas la seule juxtaposition ou agrégation de capabilités individuelles mais supposent l’émergence d’une possibilité nouvelle et collective d’agir et de créer.Dans cette dynamique développementale et constructive, la recherche s’appuie sur une intervention de (re)conception d’un processus de soin innovant - la chirurgie ambulatoire - et définit et met en oeuvre une méthodologie de l’intervention qui pose le développement comme le moyen et la finalité de l’action. La méthodologie repose sur la mise en place d’un environnement qui (au moins le temps de l’intervention) soit capacitant et sur une démarche ergonomique qui serve le développement des capabilités des opérateurs au travers de l’activité collective conjointe. Le résultat de ce processus est la mise en oeuvre d’une agencéité collective qui permet au groupe d’atteindre un objectif commun de transformation des règles de travail. Cette volonté partagée entre les membres du groupe et les possibilités effectives ont facilité la conception d’une organisation du travail collectif.Deux étapes ont guidé l’intervention ergonomique : la construction du diagnostic de la situation à transformer et la conduite du changement de l’organisation à améliorer. La première étape a consisté à analyser le travail et ses contradictions : en quoi l’organisation constitue-t-elle un frein ou un moteur au développement de l’activité collective conjointe, ressource au développement des capabilités collectives ? Les résultats du diagnostic ont mis en évidence le bouleversement des standards professionnels des soignants engendré par la chirurgie ambulatoire et la difficulté des soignants à construire une organisation qui favorise le collectif transverse et l’activité collective conjointe. Au regard de ces résultats, la seconde étape a favorisé et soutenu la participation active des opérateurs aux démarches de changement et de conception. Dans un premier temps l’ergonome a mis en place une dynamique encourageant la confrontation des représentations du travail de chacun et leur mise en débat. Cette dynamique a permis la construction d’une représentation partagée de l’existant, nécessaire à la conception d’une situation future. Dans un second temps, une méthodologie de conception participative de l’organisation a été mise en oeuvre, aboutissant à un projet d’organisation de la chirurgie ambulatoire.Cette recherche interroge enfin la compréhension du rôle de l’ergonome comme facteur de conversion dans ce processus de transformation de l’organisation et la modélisation de l’action ergonomique de transformation. / This thesis develops and applies the paradigm of constructive ergonomics to organizational design. The development of individuals and organizations is presented through the capability approach, and more specifically through the approach of collective capabilities. These are not the mere juxtaposition or aggregation of individual capabilities but involve the emergence of a new and collective possibility to act and create.In this constructive and developmental perspective, the research is based on a redesign intervention regarding an innovative care process - outpatient surgery. It defines and implements an intervention methodology that considers development as the means and the end of the action. The methodology rests on setting up an enabling environment (at least during the intervention) and an ergonomic approach which supports the development of operators' capabilities through the joint collective activity. This process promotes a collective agency which allows the group to fulfil a common goal of transforming work rules. This shared commitment within the group and the actual opportunities for change have facilitated the design of an organization of collective work.The ergonomic intervention has proceeded in 2 steps: the construction of a diagnosis regarding the situation to be transformed and the management of the organizational change. The first step consisted in analyzing work and its contradictions: is the organization impeding or encouraging the joint collective activity development? Is it a resource for the development of collective capabilities? The diagnosis has highlighted the disruption of professional standards of care staff generated by outpatient surgery and the difficulty of the care staff in building an organization that promotes a transverse team and a collective joint activity. In view of these results, the second step has fostered and supported the active participation of operators in processes of change and design. At first, the ergonomist has implemented a dynamics encouraging the debate about the representations of work. This has led to a shared representation of the current situation, required for the design of a future situation. Then, a participatory methodology of organizational design has been implemented leading to an organization project of ambulatory surgery.Finally, this research questions the role of the ergonomist as a conversion factor in this process of organizational transformation and proposes a model of ergonomic transformation action.

presente tese de doutorado toma como referência a metáfora do caminho [tape], envolvendo trajetórias de indivíduos e de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de fazer uma reflexão antropológica sobre os encontros e desencontros na sua relação com o Estado, suas respectivas instituições e políticas públicas de etnodesenvolvimento. A tese parte do desafio de Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira de refletir sobre a ética e a moralidade nas macro, meso e micro esfera, fórmula dialética que potencializa as complexas relações dos sujeitos, que tanto abrangem a ordem cotidiana de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, as mediações técnicas e institucionais, que se interconectam os domínios da etnicidade, eticidade e moralidade no âmbito do Estado. Daí tratarmos, as múltiplas esferas em relação, como a instituição oficial de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER), os processos políticos macro-estruturais que abrangem complexos sistemas de ideias, dominantes, situações de poder e de execução de ações ideológicas de desenvolvimento, a ação de técnicos e do pesquisador em Antropologia, entre outras mediações. A partir da categoria analítica de situação histórica, etnograficamente, se busca analisar experiências de contatos interétnicos envolvendo os Guarani e diversos atores sociais (técnicos, indigenistas, antropólogos), onde foram colocadas em relação (tensa, conflituosa) lógicas de desenvolvimento. No âmbito do debate contemporâneo sobre o tema desenvolvimento e povos indígenas, a presente tese visa contribuir para uma reflexão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das “novas práticas indigenistas”, no contexto político-social pós- Constituição Federal de 1988, sobre as contradições inerentes a ideia de desenvolvimento da sociedade ocidental na relação com os coletivos indígenas, bem como, para a própria discussão sobre políticas públicas que tem como meta o desenvolvimento Guarani. / This doctoral thesis takes as reference the metaphor of the way [tape], involving trajectories of Guarani individuals and collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, in order to perform an anthropological reflection on their similarities and differences in their relationship with the state, their respective institutions and public policies of ethnodevelopment. The thesis comes from the challenge of Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira on reflectin over the ethics and morality at the macro, meso and micro sphere, dialectical formula that maximizes the complex relationships of the subjects, which include both the daily order of Guarani collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, technical and institutional mediations that interconnect the areas of ethnicity, ethics and morality within the State. Hence we treat the multiple spheres of relationship as the official institution of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER), macro-structural political processes which include complex systems of ideas, dominants, power situations and enforcement development ideological actions, the action of technicians and researchers in Anthropology, among other mediations. From the analytical category of historical situation, ethnographically, we seek to analyze the experiences of interethnic contacts involving the Guarani and several social actors (technicians, indigenous, anthropologists), were placed in relation (tense, confrontational) to development logics. Within the contemporary debate on the development and indigenous people subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a reflection on the challenges and potentialities of "new indigenous practices", in the social-political context post-1988 Constitution, on the contradictions inherent with the idea of the development of the Western society in relation to indigenous collectives, as well as for the discussion of public policies that concerns the Guarani development.

Submitted by Esther Madeleine Leblanc (estherleblanc@gmail.com) on 2017-04-25T16:38:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_EstherLeblanc_vf.pdf: 2578938 bytes, checksum: 2571e7927e6245dfb8068f04d534863b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-04-25T18:23:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_EstherLeblanc_vf.pdf: 2578938 bytes, checksum: 2571e7927e6245dfb8068f04d534863b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T12:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_EstherLeblanc_vf.pdf: 2578938 bytes, checksum: 2571e7927e6245dfb8068f04d534863b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o processo pelo qual se constituem interfaces socioestatais entre atores sociais e governos locais. Para compreender este fenômeno, conduziu- se um estudo de caso sobre a relação entre os coletivos urbanos e a Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo, no período de 2013 a 2016, durante a gestão do então Prefeito Fernando Haddad. Neste sentido, considerando o debate sobre participação social e a sua efetividade na construção das políticas públicas bem como a literatura sobre interfaces socioestatais, a tentativa da presente análise foi identificar as interações existentes entre a PMSP e os coletivos urbanos a fim de perceber se os mecanismos criados por parte do município, como a Coordenação de Promoção do Direito à Cidade (CPDC), consolidaram-se como um novo tipo de interface socioestatal dedicada a esta relação. Com esse estudo, foi verificado que, apesar de ser identificada enquanto canal de comunicação entre sociedade civil e município, a baixa efetividade da CPDC em realizar ao que se propunha inicialmente, fez com que não se consolidasse enquanto interface de fato, pois não obteve legitimidade interna ao governo. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the process by which are constituted social-state interfaces between social actors and local governments. In order to understand this phenomenon, a case study was conducted about the relation between urban collectives and São Paulo City Hall (PMSP) between 2013 and 2016, during the administration of former Mayor Fernando Haddad. In this sense, considering the debate on social participation and its effectiveness in the construction of public policies, as well as the literature related to socio-state interfaces, the attempt of the present analysis was to identify the interactions existing between the PMSP and the urban collectives. This study hereby intends to verify if the mechanisms created by the municipality, such as the Coordination for Promotion of the Right to the City (CPDC), have consolidated themselves as a new type of socio-state interface dedicated to this relationship. The findings point to the fact that, despite being identified as a communication channel between civil society and municipality, the low effectiveness of the CPDC in achieving its initial goal meant that it did not consolidate itself as an interface, since it did not obtain internal legitimacy inside the government.

Au-delà du cadre classique de la production du logement, des projets originaux à l’initiative de citoyens ou impliquant fortement des habitants, se développent sur le territoire européen et notamment français. S‘émancipant de l’offre professionnelle privée ou publique, ces maîtrises d’ouvrages d’usagers produisent un habitat original, tant du point de vue architectural et environnemental, que de l’insertion sociale et au territoire qui l’accueille. Ce type de dynamique n’est pas un phénomène nouveau. En Amérique Latine notamment, des mouvements populaires et coopératifs développent ce type de démarche depuis plusieurs décennies. Insuffisamment étudié, ce phénomène mérite d’être analysé plus précisément, en particulier dans le champ de l’architecture et du point de vue des porteurs de ces projets : les habitants. Cette recherche vise à montrer, par une analyse des différentes typologies d’organisations collectives, adoptées par ces maîtrises d’ouvrage non professionnelles d’habitants, les atouts et les résultats de leur production, du point de vue de : la question « spatiale », qui interroge la notion de l’habitat et de son usage ; la question du « métier » du concepteur, qui interroge le mode de production du projet au travers de la relation architecte – maîtrise d’ouvrage (non professionnelle) ; et enfin la question de « l’insertion spatiale et sociale », qui interroge la dimension urbaine de ces projets et citoyenne de leurs promoteurs. Se basant sur les notions de « droit à l’œuvre » et de « droit à la ville » définies par Henri Lefebvre et de « bien commun » définie par Elinor Ostrom, cette thèse propose un apport de connaissances visant à contribuer à la réponse des professionnels et des politiques publiques, à une demande sociale chaque jour plus présente en matière d’initiatives citoyennes dans la production de l’habitat. / Further to the production of housing within a traditional Framework are curently developed all over europe and specialy in France. Moving away from public or private standar models, the projects inspired by the end users tend to produce very original habitats, in terms of architecture and environment as well as social and territorial insertion. This kind of dynamic is not a new phenomenom. Particulary in Latin America, popular and cooperative movements have developed this type of approach for decades. Insufficiently studied, this phenomenom merits more precise analysis, particulary in the field of architecture and from the point of view of the managers of such projects : the inhabitants. This research aims to demonstrate, through an analysis of different types of collective organizations adopted by these non-professional inhabitants leadership, the benefits and results of their production, in terms of: the "spacial" question, which looks at the concept of habitat and its use ; the issue of "skill" of the designer, who questions the mode of production of the project through the architect relationship - project management (non-occupational) ; and finally the area of "spatial and social inclusion", which looks at the urban dimension of these projects and their "property developers". Based on the concepts of "right to do" and "right to the city" defined by Henri Lefebvre and "common good" defined by Elinor Ostrom, this thesis provides a contribution of knowledge to contribute to the response of professionals and public policy, to a real social demand present every day in terms of citizen initiatives in the production of housing.

Mon doctorat porte sur les objets de parure de l'aire atlantique méridionale de l’Europe (Portugal, Nord de l'Espagne, Aquitaine méridionale) du premier âge du Fer (VIIIe – Ve siècles avant J.-C.). Longtemps considérés comme de simples traceurs chronologiques, et parfois appréciés pour leur seul caractère somptuaire, ils n'ont, pour l'heure, jamais fait l'objet d'un travail de synthèse. J’ai orienté mon investigation selon deux trajectoires : d'une part, prendre en compte l'ensemble des objets de parure, quel que soit le matériau et, d'autre part, engager une étude sur les interactions artistiques des Pyrénées à l’Atlantique. Une telle démarche peut aujourd'hui être entreprise grâce aux données archéologiques récentes valorisées dans des monographies régionales et dans les travaux portant sur la paléo-ethnogénèse des peuples de la péninsule Ibérique.La première étape de la recherche consiste à rassembler et ordonner le corpus des parures fabriquées par les ateliers nord-péninsulaires et aquitains sous la forme d'un catalogue raisonné. L'angle d'approche privilégié dans ce travail est l’analyse du style dans le but de différencier les parures locales des importations. Cette démarche est associée à une analyse spatiale, temporelle et fonctionnelle afin d'établir des aires de répartition stylistiques et des réseaux de circulation. À partir des continuités et les variations de style établies d'une aire à l'autre, la question des échanges d'art est mise en perspective avec les motivations identitaires, socio-culturelles et économiques des sociétés protohistoriques. En effet, une approche globale de ce mobilier ne pouvait faire l’impasse sur son mode d’expression qu’il se rapporte à l’identité individuelle ou collective. J’ai abordé cette question selon deux angles d’approche : la première appréhende la manière dont une communauté donnée construit un discours identitaire par rapport à ses voisins alors que la seconde interroge la manière dont l’individu structure son rapport à l’autre en utilisant tel ou tel ornement. / My PhD thesis deals with the personal ornaments of the South Atlantic area (Portugal, northern Spain, southern Aquitaine) of the first Iron Age (8th - 5th centuries BC). Long regarded as simple chronological tracers, and sometimes only appreciated for their sumptuary character, they have, for now, never been subject to a synthesis work. My investigation focused on two directions: first, to take into account all the personal ornaments, regardless of types and materials and, then, to initiate a study on the artistic interaction from the Pyrenees to the Atlantic. This approach can now be undertaken through recent archaeological evidence recovered in regional studies and researches on the paleo-ethnogenesis of Iberian Peninsula communities. The first step in the research is to collect and order the corpus of personal adornments made by the north-peninsular and Aquitanian workshops to provide a descriptive catalogue. The strategy chosen is a stylistic analysis in order to differentiate the local production from the importations. This method is associated with a spatial, temporal and functional analysis in order to establish stylistic areas and traffic networks. From stylistic continuities and changes established from one area to another, the question of art exchanges is put into perspective with identity, socio-economic and cultural-historic societies motivations. Therefore, a global approach to these personal ornaments could not overlook its mode of expression whether it refers to the individual or collective identity. I have discussed this issue from two angles: the first apprehend how a given community build its identity in relation to its neighbors while the second asks how one person makes its individual identity in its relationship with others in using a particular ornament.

Nous avons poursuivi plusieurs desseins dans cette étude portant sur les dynamiques funéraires à l’est du Lassithi, du XIVe au Ve siècle av. J.-C. L’identification, au travers des traces matérielles, des pratiques collectives et codifiées que constituent les rituels funéraires, empreints d’une forte dimension identitaire, a constitué un premier objectif. Nous avons également cherché à saisir les stratégies territoriales de mise en place des sites funéraires parallèlement aux changements sociopolitiques majeurs qui affectent la Crète durant la délicate période transitionnelle que constitue le passage de l’âge du Bronze à l’âge du Fer. Dans un premier temps, après une présentation du contexte spatiotemporel et du vocable propre à l’archéologie de la mort, nous avons focalisé notre travail sur la description systématique de chaque sépulture dans son environnement propre. Dans un second temps, nous avons procédé en croisant les données matérielles, à une analyse thématique et comparative des nécropoles. La dimension systémique des dynamiques funéraires à l’est du Lassithi a enfin été envisagée à l’aune du contexte chrono-culturel égéen. / This doctoral thesis examining funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi from the fourteenth to the fifth century B.C.E. has several aims. In the first instance, I seek to identify through the material vestiges the collective and codified practices that constitute the funerary rituals marked by a strong identitarian dimension. I also endeavour to grasp the territorial strategies used in the organisation of funerary sites in parallel to the major socio-political changes affecting Crete during the delicate transitional period marking the passage from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. After an initial presentation of the spatio-temporal context and the vocabulary specific to the archaeology of death, the thesis turns towards the systematic description of each sepulchre in its own environment. This material data is subsequently combined with a thematic and comparative analysis of the necropolis. Finally, the systematic dimension of funerary dynamics in the east of Lassithi is considered in light of the Aegean chrono-cultural context.

presente tese de doutorado toma como referência a metáfora do caminho [tape], envolvendo trajetórias de indivíduos e de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de fazer uma reflexão antropológica sobre os encontros e desencontros na sua relação com o Estado, suas respectivas instituições e políticas públicas de etnodesenvolvimento. A tese parte do desafio de Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira de refletir sobre a ética e a moralidade nas macro, meso e micro esfera, fórmula dialética que potencializa as complexas relações dos sujeitos, que tanto abrangem a ordem cotidiana de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, as mediações técnicas e institucionais, que se interconectam os domínios da etnicidade, eticidade e moralidade no âmbito do Estado. Daí tratarmos, as múltiplas esferas em relação, como a instituição oficial de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER), os processos políticos macro-estruturais que abrangem complexos sistemas de ideias, dominantes, situações de poder e de execução de ações ideológicas de desenvolvimento, a ação de técnicos e do pesquisador em Antropologia, entre outras mediações. A partir da categoria analítica de situação histórica, etnograficamente, se busca analisar experiências de contatos interétnicos envolvendo os Guarani e diversos atores sociais (técnicos, indigenistas, antropólogos), onde foram colocadas em relação (tensa, conflituosa) lógicas de desenvolvimento. No âmbito do debate contemporâneo sobre o tema desenvolvimento e povos indígenas, a presente tese visa contribuir para uma reflexão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das “novas práticas indigenistas”, no contexto político-social pós- Constituição Federal de 1988, sobre as contradições inerentes a ideia de desenvolvimento da sociedade ocidental na relação com os coletivos indígenas, bem como, para a própria discussão sobre políticas públicas que tem como meta o desenvolvimento Guarani. / This doctoral thesis takes as reference the metaphor of the way [tape], involving trajectories of Guarani individuals and collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, in order to perform an anthropological reflection on their similarities and differences in their relationship with the state, their respective institutions and public policies of ethnodevelopment. The thesis comes from the challenge of Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira on reflectin over the ethics and morality at the macro, meso and micro sphere, dialectical formula that maximizes the complex relationships of the subjects, which include both the daily order of Guarani collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, technical and institutional mediations that interconnect the areas of ethnicity, ethics and morality within the State. Hence we treat the multiple spheres of relationship as the official institution of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER), macro-structural political processes which include complex systems of ideas, dominants, power situations and enforcement development ideological actions, the action of technicians and researchers in Anthropology, among other mediations. From the analytical category of historical situation, ethnographically, we seek to analyze the experiences of interethnic contacts involving the Guarani and several social actors (technicians, indigenous, anthropologists), were placed in relation (tense, confrontational) to development logics. Within the contemporary debate on the development and indigenous people subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a reflection on the challenges and potentialities of "new indigenous practices", in the social-political context post-1988 Constitution, on the contradictions inherent with the idea of the development of the Western society in relation to indigenous collectives, as well as for the discussion of public policies that concerns the Guarani development.

presente tese de doutorado toma como referência a metáfora do caminho [tape], envolvendo trajetórias de indivíduos e de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, com o objetivo de fazer uma reflexão antropológica sobre os encontros e desencontros na sua relação com o Estado, suas respectivas instituições e políticas públicas de etnodesenvolvimento. A tese parte do desafio de Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira de refletir sobre a ética e a moralidade nas macro, meso e micro esfera, fórmula dialética que potencializa as complexas relações dos sujeitos, que tanto abrangem a ordem cotidiana de coletivos Guarani no Rio Grande do Sul, as mediações técnicas e institucionais, que se interconectam os domínios da etnicidade, eticidade e moralidade no âmbito do Estado. Daí tratarmos, as múltiplas esferas em relação, como a instituição oficial de Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural (ATER), os processos políticos macro-estruturais que abrangem complexos sistemas de ideias, dominantes, situações de poder e de execução de ações ideológicas de desenvolvimento, a ação de técnicos e do pesquisador em Antropologia, entre outras mediações. A partir da categoria analítica de situação histórica, etnograficamente, se busca analisar experiências de contatos interétnicos envolvendo os Guarani e diversos atores sociais (técnicos, indigenistas, antropólogos), onde foram colocadas em relação (tensa, conflituosa) lógicas de desenvolvimento. No âmbito do debate contemporâneo sobre o tema desenvolvimento e povos indígenas, a presente tese visa contribuir para uma reflexão sobre os desafios e as potencialidades das “novas práticas indigenistas”, no contexto político-social pós- Constituição Federal de 1988, sobre as contradições inerentes a ideia de desenvolvimento da sociedade ocidental na relação com os coletivos indígenas, bem como, para a própria discussão sobre políticas públicas que tem como meta o desenvolvimento Guarani. / This doctoral thesis takes as reference the metaphor of the way [tape], involving trajectories of Guarani individuals and collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, in order to perform an anthropological reflection on their similarities and differences in their relationship with the state, their respective institutions and public policies of ethnodevelopment. The thesis comes from the challenge of Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira on reflectin over the ethics and morality at the macro, meso and micro sphere, dialectical formula that maximizes the complex relationships of the subjects, which include both the daily order of Guarani collectives in Rio Grande do Sul, technical and institutional mediations that interconnect the areas of ethnicity, ethics and morality within the State. Hence we treat the multiple spheres of relationship as the official institution of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER), macro-structural political processes which include complex systems of ideas, dominants, power situations and enforcement development ideological actions, the action of technicians and researchers in Anthropology, among other mediations. From the analytical category of historical situation, ethnographically, we seek to analyze the experiences of interethnic contacts involving the Guarani and several social actors (technicians, indigenous, anthropologists), were placed in relation (tense, confrontational) to development logics. Within the contemporary debate on the development and indigenous people subject, this thesis aims to contribute to a reflection on the challenges and potentialities of "new indigenous practices", in the social-political context post-1988 Constitution, on the contradictions inherent with the idea of the development of the Western society in relation to indigenous collectives, as well as for the discussion of public policies that concerns the Guarani development.