Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [295]-314). Also available on the Internet.

I den här uppsatsen har jag gjort en tematisk läsning av de dystopiska ungdomstrilogierna Hungerspelstrilogin, Divergenttrilogin och Legendtrilogin, vilket jag har gjort med fokus på temat kosmetika och utsmyckning. Syftet var att undersöka de genusmönster som existerar kring kosmetikan och utsmyckningen, liksom dess förhållande till klass och ålder. Jag kommer i uppsatsen fram till att kosmetika och utsmyckning bärs frivilligt av överklass och onda karaktärer och att det tvingas på de flickor, och i viss mån även de pojkar, som är böckernas huvudpersoner. Böckerna tycks bekräfta åsikten att kosmetikan är något förkastligt och påtvingat av patriarkatet. Tvånget kommer dock i böckerna inte enbart ifrån patriarkatet utan också från överklassen. Uppdelningen mellan vad som är okej för flickor och pojkar att bära ser i stort sett likadan ut som i dagens samhälle, trots framtidsskildringens möjligheter att måla upp något nytt. De som frivilligt bär kosmetika och utsmyckning är oftast farliga, såsom onda ledare eller förtryckande överklass. Det feminina nedvärderas i böckerna mer än det könsneutrala (även om kritik kring det neutrala också förekommer) och det kvinnliga nedvärderas starkare än det flickiga. Även om flickorna finner att dekorationen kan vara användbar har den litet eller inget värde då den inte fyller en annan funktion än skönhet. Resultatet blir destruktivt då flickor och kvinnor vänds mot varandra och sig själva. Dessutom blir ramen för vad som är okej snävare då de både ska vara vackra, men inte bry sig om det. Det bekräftar också de genusmönster och förväntningar som säger att flickan ska vara passiv och vacker.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, 2006. / Submitted by Fernanda Weschenfelder (nandaweschenfelder@gmail.com) on 2009-10-05T19:59:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Augusto M e Silva - tese de doutorado.pdf: 12677167 bytes, checksum: fbc5893a3b0a2783f94b0033256bf3d1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2009-11-24T13:24:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Augusto M e Silva - tese de doutorado.pdf: 12677167 bytes, checksum: fbc5893a3b0a2783f94b0033256bf3d1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-24T13:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cesar Augusto M e Silva - tese de doutorado.pdf: 12677167 bytes, checksum: fbc5893a3b0a2783f94b0033256bf3d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Introdução: Os fatores mecânicos pulmonares relacionados às vias aéreas e à microvasculatura desempenham papel fundamental no contexto da lesão de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o impacto do flush vascular pulmonar (FVP), da isquemia fria e o efeito de estratégias de recrutamento alveolar sobre as propriedades mecânicas e morfométricas e correlacionálas à função pulmonar durante a reperfusão ex-vivo. Material e Métodos: 128 ratos da raça Wistar foram divididos em 4 grupos (i) controle: pulmões isolados submetidos a 15 minutos de isquemia à temperatura ambiente; (ii) Flush: pulmões isolados submetidos ao flush vascular pulmonar (FVP) com solução de Euro-Collins (EC) e preservados a 4 0C por 10 horas (isquemia fria); (iii) CPT: pulmões isolados submetidos ao FVP com EC e à isquemia fria e que foram recrutados à CPT por 2 minutos antes do início da reperfusão; (iv) VC: pulmões isolados submetidos ao FVP com EC e ventilados com volume corrente (VC) por 10 minutos antes do início da reperfusão. Todos os pulmões foram reperfundidos durante 60 minutos, tempo no qual foram estudadas as trocas gasosas, as propriedades mecânica e hemodinâmica. Ao final da reperfusão, o peso líquido/peso seco foi calculado e a análise morfométrica realizada. Em outra etapa, 40 ratos da raça Wistar foram divididos em 5 grupos: (i) controle: pulmões com sangue; (ii) Flush: pulmões submetidos ao FVP com EC; (iii) Isquemia: pulmões submetidos ao FVP com EC e submetidos à isquemia fria; (iv) CPT: pulmões submetidos ao FVP com EC, submetidos à isquemia fria e recrutados à CPT por 2 minutos; (v) VC: pulmões submetidos ao FVP com EC, submetidos à isquemia fria e ventilados com volume corrente por 10 minutos. A análise das propriedades mecânicas e o estudo morfométrico foram realizados em todos os pulmões dos 5 grupos. Resultados: o FVP e a isquemia fria aumentaram (i) a percentagem de área alveolar colapsada, (ii) a dissipação de energia nos componentes viscoelásticos pulmonares e (iii) a eslastância estática pulmonar. Estes pulmões desenvolveram edema fulminante durante os primeiros 15 minutos de reperfusão. O recrutamento à CPT e a ventilação com VC atenuaram as alterações mecânicas e morfométricas provocadas pela preservação e evitaram a lesão I/R. Durante a reperfusão, as trocas gasosas, as propriedades mecânica e hemodinâmica dos pulmões recrutados foi similar a dos controle. Conclusões: as alterações mecânicas e morfométricas causadas pela preservação pulmonar aumentam a impedância dos pulmões tornando-os mais susceptíveis à lesão I/R, e as manobras de recrutamento alveolar empregadas imediatamente antes do início da reperfusão atenuam as inomogeneidades pulmonares causadas pela preservação e previnem a lesão I/R. ___________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / Rationale: mechanical factors related to the airways and to the pulmonary microvasculature play a fundamental role in the context of ischemic-reperfusion injury (I/R). The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of pulmonary vascular flush (PVF), cold ischemia and alveolar recruitment on the mechanical and morphometrical properties and to correlate these findings and pulmonary hemodynamics and gas exchange during the reperfusion. Methods: 128Wistar rats were randomically divided into 4 groups: (i) Control: fresh lungs; (ii) Flush: lungs flushed with Euro-Collins solution (EC), preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours (cold ischemia); (iii) TLC: flushed lungs, preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours, inflated to TLC for 2 minutes prior to rapid reperfusion; (iv) VT: flushed lungs preserved at preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours, ventilated with tidal volume during 10 minutes prior to rapid reperfusion. All lungs were subjected to an ex-vivo reperfusion during 60 minutes. In this period, the gas exchange, the mechanical and hemodynamical properties were evaluated and, at the end, the wet-to-dry ratio was calculated and the morphometrical analysis performed. In other phase, 40 Wistar rats were randomically divided in 5 groups: (i) Control: fresh lungs; (ii) Flush: lungs flushed with EC; (iii) Ischemia: flushed lungs, preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours; (iv) TLC: flushed lungs, preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours, inflated to TLC for 2 minutes; (v) VT: flushed lungs preserved at 4 0C for 10 hours, ventilated with tidal volume during 10 minutes. The end-inflation occlusion method was used to evaluate mechanical properties of the lungs. The morphometrcial analysis was also performed. Results: PVF and cold ischemia increased (i) the percentage of alveolar colapsed area; (ii) the energy dissipation on the lung viscoelastic components and (iii) the pulmonary lung elastance. These lungs (ischemic not subjected to alveolar recruitment prior to reperfusion) presented severe pulmonary edema, whereas the function of the recruited lungs were similar to that of fresh lungs. Conclusions: cold preservation increases pulmonary impedance and the huffiness to the I/R injury, and the alveolar recruitment manoeuvres performed before the reperfusion reverts, or at least, decreases the pulmonary inhomogeneities caused by the preservation and warns the I/R injury.

This essay will try to examine the breakthrough of symphonic game music by following my hypothesis of the actual breakthrough in late 90s through early 2000s. The method of the essay is a hermeneutic approach which will find different interpretations that in the later part of the essay will lead to an analysis and discussion. This approach is a way for later scholars to examine the subject further. A central part of the essay is to define the term symphonic game music which never before in broader terms have been defined, though the terms dynamic music and orchestral music has been used by scholars such as Collins. Central figures i write about are Nobuo Uematsu and Winifred Phillips, whose contributions to the field of game music are extraordinary, and they also bring forth their own theories. I write more about theories, among others Karen Collins and Koji Kondo, to broaden the discussions. The delimitations in this essay are very important to narrow the types of games studied, and they are for the most part video games and computer games. In the actual examination i refer to among others the scholars Donnelly, Phillips and Collins to map the time of breakthrough and how it actually happened. The games I examine in more detail are Final Fantasy and The Elder Scrolls because I argue in my hypothesis that these two game series are important for the actual breakthrough. Tables and notes from Final Fantasy are used to clarify the subject studied. In the end of the essay I conclude with different perspectives and evaluation of the subject.

Co-authored by Charles Dickens and Wilkie Collins, The Perils of Certain English Prisoners is a tale of linguistic subversion in colonial spaces. Christian George King-a native "Sambo" that betrays the English colonists on Silver Store to a marauding band of pirates-demonstrates a linguistic phenomenon that scholars call interlanguage, or a quasi-language that partially resembles both English and his native language. Because of its status as a language between languages, King's interlanguage disrupts the linguistic hierarchy of the tale by opening possibilities for miscommunication. To combat this underlying tension, the colonists must rely on translation-specifically, on the mistaken belief that all non-English languages, including an interlanguage, can be translated perfectly into English. Perfect translation grants colonial spaces a much-needed façade of unity and cohesion against what would otherwise be linguistic chaos. Yet the very notion that meaning can be perfectly translated is shattered by interlanguage's ability to cultivate both intimacy and resistance in the translator-intimacy, because the colonizers see enough of their own language in the learner to lull themselves into thinking that meaning is transparent; and resistance, because the foreign parts of the learner's speech that remain serve as a continual reminder of the unconquered tongue. While interlanguage is most apparent in King's speech, it is also present, in a unique way, in the construction and co-authorship of The Perils itself. Indeed, interlanguage proves a useful concept for thinking about any textual moment in which individual voices combine into a hybrid voice that cultivates the illusion of unity and cohesion.

<p> This dissertation examines the centrality of the soul-body relationship to the construction of identity in English Renaissance religious poetry. The expanding field of 'body criticism' has greatly increased our understanding of the early modern body, but critics have rarely considered how Christianity influenced the ways the early moderns thought about their bodies and their embodied souls at a time when the science of anatomy flourished in Europe. Consequently, our current perception of the early modern subject is skewed. This dissertation addresses this critical gap by exploring the persistence of Christian narratives in discussions of both the body and the soul throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The first two chapters address two interrelated question: how did early modern anatomists understand the soul, and how did early modern religious writers understand the body? This dissertation begins by examining the religious perspectives that are evident in English anatomical writing and then moves on to explore the presence of anatomical perspectives in English religious writing on the soul in order to discuss the intimate relationship between corporeality and spirituality. The final two chapters focus on the devotional poetry of An Collins and the devotional emblems of Francis Quarles in order to demonstrate the integration of a Christianized sense of corporeality into meditations on religious subjectivity. Both writers draw on the issues discussed in the first two chapters but represent corporeality differently. On the one hand, Collins transforms physical suffering into a sign of her salvation. On the other hand, Quarles expresses anxiety over the world's ability to infect the soul through the body. In both cases, the relationship between body and soul is a central concern, and their representation of that relationship is indebted to a Christianized sense of embodiment. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Critical work on popular American women's fiction still has not reckoned adequately with the themes of interracialism present in these novels and with interracialism's bearing on the sentimental. This thesis considers an often overlooked body of women's popular sentimental fiction, published from 1860-1865, which is interested in themes of interracial romance or reproduction, in order to provide a fuller picture of the impact that the intersection of interracialism and sentimentalism has had on American identity. By examining the literary strategy of "miscegenated narration," or the heteroglossic cacophony of narrative voices and ideological viewpoints that interracialism produces in a narrative, I argue that the hegemonic ideologies of the sentimental romance are both "deterritorialized" and "reterritorialized," a conflicted impulse that characterizes both nineteenth-century sentimental, interracial romances and the broader project of critiquing the dominant national narrative that these novels undertake.

From the mid 20th century into the 21st, artists and musicians manipulated, cracked and broke audio media technologies to produce novel, unique and indeterminate sounds and performances. Artists such as John Cage, Nam June Paik, Milian Kn��k, Christian Marclay, Yasunao Tone, Oval and Otomo Yoshihide pulled apart the technologies of music playback, both the playback devices � phonographs and CD players � and the recorded media � vinyl records and Compact Discs. Based in the sound expansion of the 20th century musical avant garde, this practice connects the interdisciplinary Fluxus movement with late 20th century sound art and experimental electronic music. Cracked and broken media techniques play a significant role in 20th century music and sound, and continue to be productive into the 21st. The primary contribution of this thesis is to provide a novel and detailed historical account of these practices. In addition it considers theoretical approaches to this work. After considering approaches through critiques of recording media, and concepts of noise, this thesis proposes novel theorisations focusing on materiality and the everyday. Ultimately it proposes that these practices can be read as precursors to contemporary new media, as music and sound art cracked open the fixed structures of �old media� technologies for their own creative purposes.

This dissertation aims to examine the various ways in which three Victorian novels, such as Wilkie Collins?s The Woman in White (1860), Anne Bront�?s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848), Charlotte Bront�?s Villette (1853), address the relationship between storytelling and self-formation, showing that a subject formulates a sense of self by storytelling. The constructed nature of self and storytelling in Collins?s The Woman in White shows that narrative is a significant way of attributing meaning in our lives and that constructing stories about self is connected to the construction of self, illustrating that storytelling is a form of self-formation. Anne Bront�?s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall exemplifies Bront�?s configuration of the relational and contextual aspect of storytelling and self-formation in her belief that self is formed not merely through the story he/she tells but through the triangular relationship of the storyteller, the story, and the reader. This novel proves that even though the writer?s role in constructing his/her self-concept through his/her narrative is important, the narrator?s triangular relationship with the reader and the text is also a significant component in his/her self-formation. Charlotte Bront�?s Villette is concerned with unnarration, in which the narrative does not say, and it shows that the unnarrated elements provide useful resource for the display of the narrator?s self. For Charlotte Bront�, unnarration is part of the narrative configuration that contributes to constructing and presenting the storyteller?s self-formation. These three novels illuminate that narrative is more than linguistic activities of the symbolic representation of the world, and that it cannot be fully conceived without taking into consideration the storyteller?s experience and thoughts of the world.