Since the 1980s, approaches to managing forest resources in the US and around the world have been shifting from the conventional sustained yield approach towards ecosystem management. Ecosystem management is a resource management paradigm that seeks to employ a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to landscape scale conservation, as well as the integration of socio-economic and biophysical considerations with the overall goal of enhancing the health and resilience of coupled social-ecological systems. While the role of natural resource conflicts as drivers of the transition towards ecosystem management has received some research attention, the potential roles of ecosystem management in emerging natural resource conflicts have not been adequately explored. The effective implementation of ecosystem management requires adaptive governance mechanisms capable of integrating diverse stakeholder values and knowledge systems across scales. The absence of such institutional mechanisms could contribute to the emergence of wicked problems – a class of problems that defy clear definitions and definitive solutions. Using the Shawnee National Forest as a case study, the purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the role of natural resource conflicts in the transition towards ecosystem management, as well as the consequences of ecosystem management on emerging resource conflicts. The study also aimed to assess the extent to which the approaches and strategies used in managing natural resource conflicts meet the institutional requirements for managing wicked problems. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2021 among 24 key informants representing the US Forest Service and relevant stakeholder groups, such as environmental groups, recreationists, and local businesses. The interviews were preceded by a review of documents to understand the context of changing forest policies and evolving conflicts in the Shawnee National Forest since the 1980s. The data were analyzed with the NVivo software using a deductive coding approach. The results showed that the transition towards ecosystem-based forest management in the Shawnee National Forest was primarily triggered by conflicts between environmental groups and the US Forest Service over timber harvesting. Although the institutional framework for alternative dispute resolution existed at the time, these conflicts were largely managed through the national legal system. Since the transition to ecosystem management with the adoption of the 2006 Forest Plan, new conflicts have emerged, this time, mostly among various recreational groups. The lifting of the injunction on timber harvesting and the increased focus of the US Forest Service on active forest management as part of forest restoration efforts appear to have set the stage for the potential re-emergence of conflicts over timber harvesting. Regarding conflict management, the use of alternative conflict management techniques, such as negotiation and mediation have received increased attention since the adoption of the 2006 Forest Plan, although the effectiveness of these processes has been hampered by various institutional and attitudinal constraints, including conflicting procedural requirements, limited capacity, and lack of agency commitment towards meaningful stakeholder engagement. Meanwhile, the fear of lawsuits continues to shape forest management decisions on the Shawnee National Forest. These findings highlight the inadequacy of the national legal system in managing wicked problems and they highlight the need for investments in effective institutional mechanisms for conflict management, such as adaptive governance.

The research in this paper explores how preschool staff handles and deals with conflicts within preschool. My aim is to highlight their methods of conflict management, how it relates to their role within the preschool, and how their personal experiences and personality can be seen as an asset for their work with their colleagues and with the children. This qualitative study is based on a social constructivist and phenomenography perspective. Where I conducted several in person interviews with different staff at a preschool, to get and overview of their individual roles and contributions to the preschool. Through my interviews I got an overview perspective on how their personal experience and personality effects their line of work and how it can help them not only to care for the children but handle situations such as conflict management.

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Lärare har en betydelsefull roll inom skolan att inte bara undervisa eleverna utan att hjälpa dem att trivas och må bra i den sociala miljön. För att eleverna ska känna sig trygga i skolan behöver lärare ständigt jobba med konflikthantering vilket kan vara en stor utmaning, speciellt i arbetet med tonåringar. Det finns ett behov hos lärare att utveckla sina kunskaper inom området för att kunna hantera konflikter bättre. Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse av högstadielärares perspektiv på vilka konflikter som är mest förekommande mellan elever och hur lärare hanterar konflikterna. Genom ett socialpsykologiskt synsätt med utgångspunkt i teorier om kommunikation och konflikthantering har vi undersökt de personliga erfarenheterna hos 10 högstadielärare mellan 28-58 år. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio respondenter som arbetat eller har arbetat på en högstadieskola genomfördes. Resultatet visade att sociala medier är en bidragande faktor till att konflikter uppstår och att stor del av konflikterna som sker, händer utanför lektionstid. Kommunikation, relation med eleverna och klassrumsmiljön visade sig också vara viktiga delar i hur lärare både förebygger och hanterar konflikter. Faktorer som kan skapa svårigheter för att hantera konflikter som uppstår var personalbrist, tidspress, otillräckliga resurser och kunskap inom området.

Most research questions and theory in quantitative peace and conflict research are fundamentally causal. However, a large gap exists in the extant literature between research question and research methodology. Not only does most existing methodology fail to achieve what most quantitative peace scholars attempt, but many researchers do not appear to be aware of these limitations. In this dissertation, I outline five key shortcomings within this literature that, left unaddressed, create results that are not informative of the questions quantitative peace researchers are interested in. This dissertation demonstrates solutions addressing these shortcomings with two applied chapters, conducting causal research designs on a study examining the economic impact of United Nations peacekeeping operations and the effect of human rights treaties on repression, respectively. I find that conventionally-established results in the literature change dramatically when exposed to methodological changes informed by the causal inference literature.

This dissertation examines the role of third parties in civil war mediation and peacekeeping efforts. The dissertation makes two primary contributions to the literature. First, it builds upon existing literature by applying state-level arguments of third party involvement in mediation and peacekeeping efforts to the United Nations Security Council and regional IGOs. Second, it investigates the role of communication and coordination between third parties in their conflict management efforts.

Konflikter är en vanlig företeelse i både arbetslivet och privatlivet, där människor med olika bakgrund och åsikter interagerar. Denna uppsats ämnar att öka förståelse för orsakerna till och hur konflikter hanteras på arbetsplatser inom vård- och omsorgssektorn. Genom en litteraturöversikt baserad på tio artiklar från CINAHL och ProQuest, Healthcare Administration Database, gjordes fynd och tre huvudteman identifierades genom analys: konflikthantering, konflikt och förebyggande av konflikt. Resultaten visar å ena sidan på negativa erfarenheter som generationskonflikter och bristande kommunikation mellan olika yrkesgrupper och intressenter. Å andra sidan identifierades positiva erfarenheter såsom coachingsmöjligheter och kompetensutveckling för att främja bättre samarbete och förståelse. Diskussionen belyser vikten av strukturerade åtgärder, såsom utbildningar och teamaktiviteter för att förebygga generationskonflikter. Det påpekas även ett behov av ytterligare forskning för att förstå dynamiken i relationskonflikter och för att implementera effektiva förebyggande strategier för både medarbetare och chefer/ledare. / Conflicts are a common occurrence in both working life and private life, where people with different backgrounds and opinions interact. This essay aims to increase understanding of the causes of and how conflicts are handled in workplaces within the care and social care sector. Through a literature review based on ten articles from Cinahl and ProQuest, Healthcare Administration Database some findings were made and three main themes were identified through analysis: conflict management, conflict and conflict prevention. The results show, on the one hand, negative experiences such as generational conflicts and a lack of communication between different professional groups and stakeholders. On the other hand, positive experiences such as coaching opportunities and skills development were identified to promote better cooperation and understanding. The discussion highlights the importance of structured measures, such as training and team activities to prevent generational conflicts. There is also a need for further research to understand the dynamics of relationship conflicts and to implement effective prevention strategies for both employees and managers/leaders.

The study focused on the role of the School Governing Body (SGB) in the management of conflict in schools. The investigation was done in one of the secondary schools in Gauteng Province. Causes of conflict and the challenges facing the SGB, teachers, learners and parents have been discussed. Types and nature of conflict have been listed and discussed including the resolutions and management of conflict. A literature review provided a conceptual framework and covered definitions of conflict, conflict management strategies, conflict resolution, governance and qualities required for a successful SGB in governing conflict in a secondary school. An empirical investigation using a qualitative approach was conducted and data gathered by means of interviews with the SGB. Finally a synopsis of findings and recommendations was made to assist the policy makers, departmental officials, SGBs, principals, teachers and parents in proper management of conflict in secondary schools. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)