Submitted by Clebson Anjos (clebson.leandro54@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T20:47:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 3 - Câmara-Mônica - UMA_GRAMATICA_VISUAL_PARA_O_FOTOJORNALISMO.pdf: 6605057 bytes, checksum: bc73dc13f0fc54dfe8406027dbe413f5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T20:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3 - Câmara-Mônica - UMA_GRAMATICA_VISUAL_PARA_O_FOTOJORNALISMO.pdf: 6605057 bytes, checksum: bc73dc13f0fc54dfe8406027dbe413f5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / There are many discussions about criminal practices and their punishments. In special crimes against life have aroused a series of debates on prison matters, human rights and social rehabilitation. Data from IBGE (2004) - a Brazilian statistics institute - show an Increase of 130% in the last 20 years in homicide crimes, it means in numbers around 600 thousand people that are victims of this type of violence. Theoretically the punishments that restrict liberty are intended to rehabilitate the criminals, which many times do not occur, once the prison chaos and stigma against the convicts affect their social rehabilitation (Lima, 1993). This study is based on the Theory of Social Representations, Where it is possible to realize the confrontation of what is real and legal. Thus, the objective of this study is to know the social representations of homicide convicts that are kept in prison, in the maximum security prison Silvio Porto (group 1), and homicide convicts that are placed on probation, linked to the court of penal executions In João Pessoa - Pb (group 2), in relation to social rehabilitation, as well as to compare the representations of the two groups. Male homicide convicts that work in prison participated in this study and they were selected through a documental research in the prison files. In relation to homicide convicts in probation, they were selected through the help of the employees of the court of penal executions and they participated of their own free will. Through semi-structured interviews, the convicts were asked to talk about their representations related to social rehabilitation. The results were determined through the analysis of the content. The sample is constituted of 39 homicide convicts, where 17 convicts belong to group one and 22 to group 2. The analysis was made according to the content analysis method proposed by Bardin (1977) and the acquired results through the interviews show the appearance of three empirical categories: social rehabilitation conception, existences of social rehabilitation and social exclusion/inclusion. The conceptions of social rehabilitation were represented involving the conception of social behavior and (re)construction of life project In relation to the experiences of social rehabilitation, there were the ones related to punishment/learning; similarities/differences in prison; positive and negative practices to group 1, negative practices to group 2 and work as a resocializing factor. The category exclusion/social insertion was seen through the family and its importance to the process of social rehabilitation; through social values related to social life; to religious beliefs and to discrimination/opportunity which was verified only In group 2. Before these results, it is believed that the objectives of this investigation were reached and that It is possible to develop an intervention plan directed to institutions that propose social rehabilitation. / Muitas são as discussões sobre as praticas crirninosas e suas punições. Em especial, os crimes contra a vida têm suscitado uma série de debates sobre questões penitenciárias, direitos humanos e reabilitação social. Dados do IBOE (2004) revelam um crescirnento nos crimes de homicídio na ordem de 130% nos últimos 20 anos, o que em números significa cerca de 600 mil pessoas vítimas deste tipo de violência. Teoricarnente, as penas privativas de liberdade visam à reabilitação social dos condenados, o que muitas vezes não ocorre, já que o caos prisional e o estigma contra o preso afetam a reabilitação social (Lima, 1993). Este estudo encontra-se ancorado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, onde é possível perceber o confronto do legal e do real como ele é visto. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é conhecer as representações sociais de apenados homicidas inseridos no regime fechado, sob custódia do presídio de segurança máxima Silvio Porto (grupo 1), e de apenados homicidas inseridos no regime de liberdade condicional, vinculados a vara de execuções penais de João Pessoa-PB (grupo 2) em relação a reabilitação social, bem como comparar as representações dos dois grupos. Para tanto, estão participando homicidas apenados do sexo masculino que trabalham no presídio. Estes foram selecionados através de uma pesquisa documental no arquivo do presídio, cuja realização pesquisa deu origem a um mapeamento sócio-demográfico da amostra. Em relação aos apenados homicidas inseridos no regime de liberdade condicional, estes foram selecionados através do auxílio dos funcionários da vara das execuções penais e do critério de aceitar participar da pesquisa. Através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, os apenados foram instigados a relatar suas representações relacionadas a reabilitação social. Os resultados foram determinados pela análise de conteúdo. A amostra é constituída por 39 apenados homicidas, sendo 17 apenados do grupo um e 22 apenados do grupo dois. A análise foi realizada segundo o método de análise de conteúdo proposto por Bardin (1977) e os resultados apreendidos pelas entrevistas revelaram o surgimento de três categorias empíricas: concepções da reabilitação social, vivências da reabilitação social e exclusão / inserção social. As concepções da reabilitação social foram representadas englobando a concepção de comportamento social e de (re) construção do projeto de vida. No que tange as vivências da reabilitação social, emergiram as vivências relacionadas à punição / aprendizado, as identidades / diferenças existentes no presídio, as práticas positivas e negativas para o grupo I, práticas negativas para o grupo 2 e o trabalho enquanto fator ressocializante. A categoria exclusão / inserção social foi significada através da família e a sua importância no processo de reabilitação social, dos valores sociais relativos ao convívio social, as crenças religiosas como mediadoras no processo e a discriminação / oportunidade que emergiu apenas no grupo dois. Diante destes resultados, acredita-se que os objetivos desta investigação foram atingidos e que esta pode contribuir para elaboração de um plano de intervenção direcionado para as instituições que propõem a reabilitação social.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-01T13:33:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2009763 bytes, checksum: f44d290bf2d8ff71eb1818981bcbf1c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-01T13:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2009763 bytes, checksum: f44d290bf2d8ff71eb1818981bcbf1c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-26 / Through this research it was possible to structure the Penitentiary Standard Santa Rita-PB, a non-formal education program for the training of environmental agents. The program is based on the awareness of convicts and dissipation of knowledge on environmental management, to achieve awareness and transformation in this population. In turn, subsequently, this population is multiplying the acquired knowledge. The program is divided into two cycles, consisting of modules (Cycle I: Introductory Module, Ecology and Environment / Soil and Water Cycle II:. Air Module, Sanitation, Waste Management, and Environmental law), lasting 48 contact hours, respectively. Two methodologies were applied, one for the use of conventional solid waste program and another for program creation. Each of these methodologies containing six phases. Data were collected through questionnaires and strategies were implemented in a participatory way, aiming at environmental awareness of reeducation in the sensitization process. Among the penitentiaries consulted only Penitentiary Standard Santa Rita-PB volunteered to participate, with 16 reeducation. It was noted an active participation and a serious commitment by the management and employees of the establishment, who supported all the time the proposed activities. Encouraged the participation and awareness is encouraged on environmental issues in the prison population, which was an important basis for developing this mission. It was delivered to establish an Environmental Training Program created, structured and composed. The results showed that the ways of environmental education are viable alternatives to the construction of knowledge among the convicts, who awakes ecological consciousness and may contribute to the reduction of social inequalities. It was concluded that by creating this program facilitates the environmental education learning process and that this tool can be used in the rehabilitation of convicts. / Através da presente pesquisa foi possível estruturar na Penitenciária Padrão de Santa Rita-PB, um programa de Educação não formal, visando a formação de agentes ambientais. O programa fundamenta-se na sensibilização dos apenados e na dissipação de conhecimentos sobre gestão ambiental, para conseguir conscientização e transformação nesta população. Por sua vez, posteriormente, esta população será multiplicadora dos conhecimentos adquiridos. O programa encontra-se dividido em dois ciclos, compostos por módulos (Ciclo I: Módulo introdutório; Ecologia e Meio Ambiente/ Água e Solo. Ciclo II: Módulo Ar; Saneamento Básico; Gestão de Resíduos; e Legislação ambiental), com duração de 48 horas presenciais, respectivamente. Foram aplicadas duas metodologias, sendo uma para o programa de aproveitamento de resíduos sólidos convencionais e outra para a criação do programa. Cada uma destas metodologias contendo seis fases. Os dados foram coletados através de questionários e as estratégias foram aplicadas de forma participativa, visando à percepção ambiental dos reeducandos no processo de sensibilização. Dentre os centros penitenciários consultados apenas a Penitenciária Padrão de Santa Rita-PB prontificou-se a participar, com 16 reeducandos. Notou-se uma participação ativa e um sério compromisso por parte da direção e funcionários do estabelecimento, que apoiaram a todo momento as atividades propostas. Motivou-se a participação e incentivou-se a sensibilização sobre as questões ambientais na população reclusa, que foi uma base importante para desenvolver a presente missão. Foi entregue ao estabelecimento um Programa de Formação Ambiental criado, estruturado e constituído. Os resultados mostraram que os caminhos da Educação Ambiental são alternativas viáveis para a construção de saberes entre os apenados, que desperta a consciência ecologica, podendo contribuir na diminuição das desigualdades sociais. Concluiu-se, que através da criação deste programa, facilita-se o processo de aprendizado da Educação Ambiental e que esta ferramenta poderá ser utilizada na ressocialização dos apenados.

Building on prior work on status-based rejection sensitivity, I propose a social-cognitive model of criminal-status-based rejection sensitivity (RS-criminal record) to account for differences in how people perceive and respond to threats of rejection based on their criminal histories. Study 1 develops a measure of criminal-status-based rejection sensitivity, defined as a tendency to anxiously expect, readily perceive, and negatively react to rejection based on one’s criminal status. Study 2 tests the predictions of the RS-criminal record model that anxious expectations of criminal-status-based rejection are associated with heightened perceptions of criminal-status-based rejection threat and responding to criminal-status-based stressors through self-silencing and anger. Together, Studies 1 and 2 show that RS-criminal record is distinct from general interpersonal rejection sensitivity (RS-personal), race-based rejection sensitivity (RS-race), and other relevant stigma constructs. Study 3 tests the predictions of the RS-criminal record model experimentally, establishing evidence of the negative effects of criminal record disclosure, RS-criminal record, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on interpersonal effectiveness in an interview (as assessed by an interaction partner and outside observers) and subsequent affective states. The three studies also test the prediction, based on the dynamics of our model and evidence from focus groups, that higher levels of RS-criminal record should predict greater PTSD symptom severity. Together, these studies provide evidence of the utility of RS-criminal record to illuminate the psychological and structural pathways through which stigma can undermine the task of social integration after being released from prison.

This dissertation examines entrepreneurship as a way to overcome labor market discrimination. Specifically, the three empirical essays of this dissertation introduce and evaluate entrepreneurship as a career choice for the formerly incarcerated population in the United States, by studying the antecedents and economic and social impacts of entrepreneurship for formerly incarcerated individuals. The first essay examines whether entrepreneurship is a response to labor market discrimination for formerly incarcerated individuals and establishes entrepreneurship as a route to achieve economic and social reintegration. I take advantage of a quasi-experimental setting using the staggered implementation of the “Ban-the-Box” policy in the United States to disentangle the underlying mechanism of how labor market discrimination affects formerly incarcerated individuals in their entrepreneurial choices. The findings suggest that formerly incarcerated individuals, especially those who are African American, are pushed into entrepreneurship due to the discrimination they face from employers. Yet, I also find that entrepreneurship is a viable alternative career choice for formerly incarcerated people, yielding higher income and lower recidivism rates. The second essay investigates the long-term impacts of entrepreneurship on subsequent employment outcomes for the formerly incarcerated population. This essay argues that entrepreneurship will benefit formerly incarcerated entrepreneurs in subsequent employment outcomes, because entrepreneurship provides a positive signal of commitment and fit to potential employers. Results suggest that, compared to formerly incarcerated individuals without any entrepreneurial experience, those with entrepreneurial experience have an increased likelihood of securing employment, regardless of actual entrepreneurial success. This is particularly true for formerly incarcerated individuals who are high school dropouts or racial, suggesting that entrepreneurship provides long-term benefits to those who are especially lacking in other positive credentials and, thus, are the most stigmatized by employers. The third essay studies the entrepreneurial barriers that formerly incarcerated individuals face in starting their businesses and the implications of such barriers on entrepreneurial outcomes. I find that formerly incarcerated individuals are far less likely to gain access to capital from financial institutions or the government compared to similar non formerly incarcerated individuals, having to rely on personal savings or capital from family and friends. This barrier to gaining resources from financial institutions is more pronounced for African American or Hispanic formerly incarcerated individuals. Furthermore, I find that such barriers to entrepreneurship negatively impact the ventures that formerly incarcerated individuals found regarding the industry, longevity, size, and legal form. These findings provide implications to understanding how such barriers to entrepreneurship can inhibit the role of entrepreneurship as an alternative pathway for discriminated individuals to achieve upward mobility and integration.

This thesis examines convicts who were tried for the crime of 'returning from transportation' at London's Old Bailey courthouse between 1720 and 1780. While there is plenty of historical scholarship on the tens of thousands of people who endured penal transportation to the American colonies, relatively little attention has been paid to convicts who migrated illegally back to Britain or those who avoided banishment altogether. By examining these convicts, we can gain a better understanding of how transportation worked, how convicts managed to return to Britain, and most importantly, what happened to them there. This thesis argues that convicts resisted transportation by either avoiding it or returning from banishment after obtaining their freedom. However, regardless of how they arrived back in Britain, many failed to reintegrate successfully back into British society, which led to their apprehension and trial. I claim that most convicts avoided the death penalty upon returning and that this encouraged more convicts to resist transportation and return home. The thesis examines the court cases of 132 convicts charged with returning from transportation at the Old Bailey and examines this migration home through the eyes of those who experienced it. First, the thesis focuses on convicts in Britain and demonstrates how negative perceptions of transportation encouraged them to resist banishment. The thesis then highlights how convicts obtained their freedom in the colonies, which gave them the opportunity to return illegally. Finally, the thesis shows that returned felons tried to reintegrate into society by relocating to new cities, leading quiet honest lives, or by returning to a life of crime.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Edinburgh, 2002.

Recidivism rates among ex-offender populations have consistently remained high. With over 600,000 ex-offenders being released from prison each year, reducing the rate of recidivism among the ex-offender class has become a highly debated issue. Ensuring ex-offenders successfully reintegrate into the community post-incarceration may help to reduce recidivism rates. Through a qualitative thematic analysis, this study examined various policies and program that may impact recidivism rates among ex-offenders. The policies and programs reviewed in this study were categorized among six main themes which were identified in prior literature as the most crucial elements needed for successful reintegration. The findings indicate that while many policy changes have been made to positively impact ex-offender reintegration by allowing initial access to services post-release from prison, more should be done to ensure ex-offenders actually receive needed services.

No description available.

Av de före detta kriminella som avtjänat sitt straff återfaller hela 40 % i brottslighet inom tre år. Organisationen Krami arbetar för att minska antalet återfall genom att hjälpa målgruppen till sysselsättning. Med avstamp i detta är syftet med vår studie att undersöka hur anställda i Krami ser på sina arbeten med att värna om före detta kriminellas respekt och integritet i individernas process in på arbetsmarknaden och i att undvika återfall. Detta gör vi genom att undersöka hur åtta intervjupersoner A) ser på de före detta kriminellas möjligheter kontra begränsningar på arbetsmarknaden och B) hur dessa intervjupersoner ser på sina möjligheter att arbeta med de tidigare kriminellas värderingar för att motverka återfall i brott. De teorier som används i vår studie är: Värderingsbaserad teori med begreppet värderingar; Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) med begreppen självuppfattning, förväntade resultat och personliga mål; Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) med begreppen begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Utöver ovanstående teorier har begreppen cooling down och pushing up använts. Studiens resultat visar att intervjupersonerna använder sig av cooling down och pushing up med avsikten att öka målgruppens möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden. Intervjupersonerna upplever att de behöver stötta målgruppen i att öka sin känsla av hanterbarhet för att kunna förändra vissa värderingar, vilka intervjupersonerna anser nödvändiga för att öka sina möjligheter på arbetsmarknaden och för att motverka återfall. Samtliga intervjupersoner upplever att det är viktigt att tro på varje enskild individ, och att alla förtjänar en andra chans. / 40 % of convicted criminals relapse to criminal behavior within three years. Krami is an organization working towards dwindling/reducing recoil numbers by providing alternative occupation. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Krami employees perceive their task in shielding ex-convicts’ respect and well being through their journey towards employment as well as dodging any form of criminal relapse. This will be examined by analyzing how eight interviewees A) experience ex-convicts’ opportunities counter the limitation through the labor market, and B) how they evaluate the prospect to work with ex-convict valuation to diminish criminal relapse. The theories used in this study is: Value based theory based on the concept of valuation; Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) with the conceptions of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and personal goals; Sense of coherence (SOC) in the concept of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. In addition to aforementioned concepts, we have cooling down and pushing up. The results show that the interviewees make use of cooling down and pushing up with the intention to amplify the target audiences prospective as employees. The interviewees experience support requirements from the target audience to gain coping to handle and change certain values i.e. what the interviewees consider to be necessary to enhance employment opportunities and reduce criminal recoil. All interviewees feel that it is important to believe in every solitary individual and that everyone deserves a second chance.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the psychological and social reasons for recidivism among women offenders of the law and explores the impact halfway houses could have on reducing recidivism in SA. Despite the problem of high crime and offender recidivism in SA there is a lack of research into projects within the country that are attempting to address the situation. This paper ascribes to be an authentic voice from one who has had the unique opportunity of observing the SA prison system from within, over a period of 15 years, and one who has sought to assist ex-offenders in their reintegration from prison to society by providing support once outside of prison over the past 10 years. The thesis is auto-ethnographic in design and method. This research examines the reasons for criminal acts among women and seeks to investigate and determine the unique complexities surrounding women and crime. A high prevalence of sexual and physical abuse is corroborated as common precursors to conduct problems in female offenders, while mental ill health is found to be marked among women in prison. Recommendations are made for the establishment of halfway houses in SA and strategies are suggested for the development of such halfway houses. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die sielkundige en sosiale redes vir residivisme onder vroue oortreders van die wet en ondersoek die impak wat halfweghuise kan hê op die vermindering van residivisme in Suid-Afrika. Ten spyte van die probleem van hoë misdaad en residivisme in Suid-Afrika is daar nie baie geskryf oor projekte in die land wat probeer om die situasie aan te spreek nie. Hierdie verhandeeling is geskryf om 'n outentieke stem te wees van ‘n persoon wat ‘n unieke geleentheid het om die Suid-Afrikaanse gevangenis stelsel van binne af te sien oor 'n tydperk van 15 jaar, en wat poog om die probleem wat ex-oortreders vind met herintegrasie uit die tronk deur middel van ondersteuning buite die tronk vir die afgelope 10 jaar. Die verhandeling is outo-etnografies in ontwerp en metode. Hierdie tesis neem die redes in ag van kriminele dade onder vroue en poog om die unieke kompleksiteit rondom vroue en misdaad te ondersoek. Die navorsing staaf 'n hoë voorkoms van seksuele en fisiese mishandeling as 'n gemeenskaplike voorloper probleem in vroulike oortreders. Geestesgesondheid is waar geneem onder vroue in die tronk. Die idee van halfweghuise in die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap is op die been gebring. Die artikel stel verder strategie vir die ontwikkeling van die halfweghuise in Suid-Afrika voor.