This essay aims to map the ideas behind the Swedish cultural reform called Kultursamverkansmodellen, and how the ideas are forming a discourse. Furthermore it examines the social praxis on the three levels that constitutes the model. The three levels are the state, the region and culture creators/civil society. This is a qualitative study based on primary and secondary sources collected on the three levels. The theoretical frame of reference is based on institutional theory, on Michel Foucault‟s lecture on The Discourse of Language, and on New Public Management. When it comes to distribution of the official funds there has been no actual change after the reform, according to our empirical data. There may have been a change in terms of language and work methods. Our data also shows that there is a cumulative view on the concept of culture as an instrument for other parts of the society or other political areas. The culture does not stand independently; it is given the right to exist through the cause of something else.

The thesis analyses the continuously changing discourse of cultural diversity. The focus of this study is the ways in which this discourse is shaped within contemporary Swedish cultural politics in general, and how it unfolds and further changes through the specific activities performed by a cultural institution in Stockholm – Södra teatern. Where as the cultural diversity inspired cultural politics seems to be caught in the tension between defending the autonomous position of culture in society and arguing for the supposed positive integrative consequences of such a perspective the Södra teatern mirrors a similar complexity in their ways of performing cultural diversity. This complexity is expressed through the three aspects of cultural diversity the thesis analyses – the real, the good and the cool cultural diversity. Each of the three aspects expresses a search for authenticity as well as a resistance towards the very same notion; a belief in the enlightenment of knowledge at the same time as the content of the very same knowledge is questioned; and finally that ethnic differences some times is enforced through utterances that stresses tradition where as the supposed hybrid forms in other situations is celebrated. The three aspects of cultural diversity analysed here all express how cultural diversity works as a hyper complex concept within cultural policy where no single possible meaning erases other potential meanings. On the contrary: different and even contradictory meanings of the concept exist side by side. Thus the thesis argues that the discourse of cultural diversity expresses a hyper complex problem. / Avhandlingen analyserer hvordan mangfoldsdiskursen formes på det kulturpolitiske området ved å studere hvordan denne formes i så vel Södra teaterns virksomhet som i den statlige kulturpolitikken. Mens den statlige mangfoldsorienterte kulturpolitikken preges av en spenning mellom på den ene siden å forsvare kulturens autonome stilling og på en andre siden å forsvare det man kan kalle for integrasjonspolitiske hensyn, så uttrykker Södra teaterns arbeid med kulturelt mangfold en lignende kompleksitet. Denne kompleksiteten uttrykks gjennom de tre ulike aspekter av den mangfoldsdiskursen avhandlingen analyserer – det ekte, det gode og det coole mangfoldet. De tre aspektene uttrykker hver for seg både en søken etter autentisitet og en motstand mot autentisitet; en opplysningstro så vel som en selvrefleksivitet i forhold til hva det opplyses om; og til slutt at etnisitetsforskjeller i visse situasjoner forsterkes gjennom ytringer som vektlegger tradisjon, mens andre ytringer snarere hyller det som oppfattes som hybride uttrykk. Disse tre delanalysene visere hvordan kulturelt mangfold fungerer som et hyperkomplekst begrep innenfor kulturpolitikken da tilsynelatende ulike og motsigelsesfulle tolkninger kan eksistere side ved side. Således argumenterer avhandlingen for at mangfoldsdiskursen uttrykker et hyperkomplekst problem.

The aim of the thesis is to examine how children as social beings and actors form themselves within the framework of a school institution that adults have set up in order to shape them in deliberate ways through nurturing education. The study is based on long-term fieldwork in a Muslim faith school in Sweden. Muslim schools have aroused a great deal of debate in Swedish society. Opponents have argued that Muslim schools lead to segregation and social exclusion, that these schools risk not promoting the fundamental values of society and that children in these schools are met by religious propaganda. Advocates of these schools have maintained that in public schools the Muslim identity is eroded by ignorance, lack of understanding and racism. Muslim schools instead offer children knowledge of their culture and religion in a way that enhances their identity and makes them secure and whole human beings who can be integrated into society. The debate reflects that school institutions function as loci for contested forms of socialisation in society; national, ethnic, religious, or the struggle of other groups for cultural production and social reproduction in which they are united in the role and importance attached to the school institution in the shaping of young people. In the debate children appear as passive receivers and products of adults’ upbringing and education, which represents both threat and opportunity. The debate around Muslim schools reflects adult-centred ideas of socialisation, where the adults’ upbringing and education is placed at the centre of the process in which children are formed into social persons. What emerged from this study is that children are social actors who shape themselves and that this shaping is more of an informal social process than a formal education process. The study raises the profile of how the school constitutes an environment in which children are in the majority and adults in the minority; a social environment in which children have significantly more social contact and a greater number of social relations with each other than with adults. The school as a child-centred social environment is reflected in the fact that it is principally children who shape each other rather than adults shaping children. / Hur formas barn i en muslimsk skola? Muslimska skolor har väckt stor debatt i Sverige. Motståndare har uttryckt att dessa skolor leder till segregation, att de riskerar att inte förmedla samhällets värdegrund och att barn där möts av religiös propaganda. Förespråkare har hävdat att i den kommunala skolan bryts barns muslimska identitet sönder av okunskap, oförståelse och rasism mot muslimer. Genom muslimska skolor erbjuds barn istället kunskap om sin kultur och religion vilket stärker deras identitet och gör dem till trygga och hela människor som kan integreras i samhället. Debatten reflekterar hur skolinstitutionen fungerar som lokus för nationella, etniska, religiösa eller andra gruppers ”kamp” om kulturell produktion och social reproduktion i samhället. Den gemensamma nämnaren för förespråkare och motståndare till muslimska skolor är den roll och betydelse som skolinstitutionen tillmäts för att avsiktligt forma den uppväxande generationen. De delar en vuxencentrerad syn på socialisation. Barn framstår som sociala produkter av de normer och värderingar som lärare förmedlar i skolan, vilket utgör både hot och möjlighet. Den här studien problematiserar den vuxencentrerade synen på barns socialisation som kommer till uttryck i debatten kring muslimska skolor. Studien visar att barn är sociala aktörer som formar sig själva och att formning snarare är en informell social process än en lärarstyrd utbildningsprocess. Studien belyser skolan som en vardaglig miljö där barn är i majoritet och vuxna i minoritet; en social miljö där barn har betydligt fler relationer och intensivare umgänge med varandra än med vuxna. Att skolan i social bemärkelse är barncentrerad innebär att det där framförallt är barn som formar varandra än att vuxna formar barn. Studien bygger på ett längre fältarbete bland barn i en mellanstadieklass i en muslimsk friskola.

This dissertation critically analyses New Zealand’s National Museum Te Papa Tongarewa. Since it opened in 1998, Te Papa, arguably the world’s foremost exponent of the ‘new museology’, has been popularly and critically supported for its innovations in the areas of popular accessibility, bicultural history, and Maori-government management arrangements. As the first in-depth study of Te Papa, I examine and problematise these claims to exceptionality. In producing an analysis that locates the museum within cultural, political, economic and museological contexts, I examine how the museum’s particular institutional program develop, and point to limitations in its policy and practice.

Made available in DSpace on 2008-10-20T20:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPDOC2005ReginaCeliaAcioli.pdf: 549829 bytes, checksum: 903ff4b041ba0e63fc9a38bdd942759c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-09T00:00:00Z / The present thesis has as its object to promote the historical reconstitution of the development of statistics in Brazil, and the creation and the first years of performance of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE). The period under study begins with to the creation of the Institute, in the context of the transformations provoked by the 1930 Revolution, and analyzes its participation in the moderniizing political-cultural projects in the period of the Estado Novo. The works is based, among other sources, on the documentation produced by the Institute during this time. / A presente dissertação tem como objeto a reconstituição histórica do desenvolvimento da estatística no Brasil e a criação e os primeiros anos de atuação do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O período tratado se estende desde o Segundo Império até 1945. O trabalho prioriza a abordagem dos acontecimentos que culminaram com a constituição do IBGE, no contexto das transformações produzidas pela Revolução de 1930, e analisa sua participação nos projetos modernizadores político culturais durante o Estado Novo, com base, entre outras fontes na documentação produzida pelo próprio Instituto.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A questão do patrimônio vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, sendo relacionada a temas e universos sociais variados e bastantes distintos. Este trabalho discute um dos aspectos mais recentes das políticas de patrimônio no Brasil, a política de inventário, registro e salvaguarda, instituída pelo Decreto 3.551. A tônica desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre a dinâmica do processo de transformação de determinadas expressões e práticas culturais em "bens patrimoniais", processo caracterizado aqui como a patrimonialização da cultura. O trabalho discute os impasses decorrentes da aplicação e operacionalização da política do patrimônio imaterial tendo como suporte o estudo do processo de inventário, registro e salvaguarda do jongo no Sudeste, realizado pelas equipes de pesquisa do Centro Nacional de Folclore e Cultura Popular CNFCP como parte do Projeto Celebrações e Saberes da Cultura Popular. / The issue of heritage has been gaining attention in recent years, related to diverse and quite distinct topics and social worlds. This paper discusses one of the most recent aspects of the heritage policies in Brazil, ie, the policy of inventory, registration and safeguard, established by Decree 3551, in 2000. The emphasis of this research was to reflect on the dynamics of the transformation of certain expressions and cultural practices in "patrimonial goods", a process characterized here as patrimonialization of culture. The work aims to discuss the impasse arising from the implementation and operationalization of the intangible heritage policy having as support the study of the inventory, registration and safeguard process of the jongo conducted by research teams of the National Center for Folklore and Popular Culture CNFCP, as part of Celebrations and Knowledge of Popular Culture Project.

Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo compreender a criação e atuação do Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (NAC/UFPB) no período de 1978 a 1985. Seu surgimento está inserido num momento em que o Brasil vivia o complexo processo de abertura política e quando o sistema da arte, marcado por uma produção de caráter experimental, passava por reconfigurações tanto nas funções de suas instituições culturais quanto nos conceitos, ideias e práticas artísticas. A hipótese aqui defendida é que apesar de sua criação está diretamente relacionada com as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Cultura (PNC) e do Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) para as universidades brasileiras, as presenças do crítico Paulo Sérgio Duarte e do artista Antonio Dias, responsáveis tanto pela concepção de sua proposta como por sua divulgação na cena artística nacional, possibilitou que o Núcleo colocasse em prática um modelo inovador no âmbito institucional nordestino, com o enfoque na produção e difusão da arte experimental brasileira. Também verificou-se até que ponto o objetivo do NAC/UFPB de atuar como um centro formador, difusor e fomentador da arte contemporânea na Paraíba se efetivou; e refletiu-se ainda sobre possíveis razões para a diminuição de suas atividades e transformação de sua proposta a partir de 1981. / This research\'s purpose is to analyze the creation of the Contemporary Art Center of the Federal University of Paraíba (Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade Federal da Paraíba -NAC/UFPB) as well as its roles throughout 1978 and1985. This institution emerges when Brazil was going through a complex process of political openness. Meanwhile, the art system, marked by the presence of experimental artistic practices, was going through a series of reconfigurations concerning the cultural institution\'s functions and its concepts, ideals and artistic practices.The research\'s hypothesis is that despite the fact that NAC\'s creation was directly related to the National Cultural Politics (Política Nacional de Cultura - PNC) and Culture and Education Ministry (Ministério da Educação e Cultural - MEC) directives regarding Brazilian universities, it was the presence of Paulo Sérgio Duarte (critic) and of the artist Antonio Dias, both responsible for the conception of the institution\'s motions and for inserting it into the national artistic scene, that made it possible to enact an innovative model considering the northeastern institutional context. This is to be considered focusing on the production and dissemination of Brazilian experimental art. One of the central issues of this research was to identify through what extend had NAC fulfilled its objective of becoming an educational center that also disseminates and foments contemporary art in the state of Paraíba. In addition to that, one of the highpoints of the research relies on analyzing what had caused a decrease in NAC\'s activities, as well as a noticeable transformation of its main purposes and objectives in 1981.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A questão do patrimônio vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, sendo relacionada a temas e universos sociais variados e bastantes distintos. Este trabalho discute um dos aspectos mais recentes das políticas de patrimônio no Brasil, a política de inventário, registro e salvaguarda, instituída pelo Decreto 3.551. A tônica desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre a dinâmica do processo de transformação de determinadas expressões e práticas culturais em "bens patrimoniais", processo caracterizado aqui como a patrimonialização da cultura. O trabalho discute os impasses decorrentes da aplicação e operacionalização da política do patrimônio imaterial tendo como suporte o estudo do processo de inventário, registro e salvaguarda do jongo no Sudeste, realizado pelas equipes de pesquisa do Centro Nacional de Folclore e Cultura Popular CNFCP como parte do Projeto Celebrações e Saberes da Cultura Popular. / The issue of heritage has been gaining attention in recent years, related to diverse and quite distinct topics and social worlds. This paper discusses one of the most recent aspects of the heritage policies in Brazil, ie, the policy of inventory, registration and safeguard, established by Decree 3551, in 2000. The emphasis of this research was to reflect on the dynamics of the transformation of certain expressions and cultural practices in "patrimonial goods", a process characterized here as patrimonialization of culture. The work aims to discuss the impasse arising from the implementation and operationalization of the intangible heritage policy having as support the study of the inventory, registration and safeguard process of the jongo conducted by research teams of the National Center for Folklore and Popular Culture CNFCP, as part of Celebrations and Knowledge of Popular Culture Project.

Cette thèse analyse la division moderne des domaines des sciences de la musique et la hiérarchisation des répertoires musicaux qui lui est corrélative. La recherche s’appuie sur une enquête socio-historique menée à partir du cas français et sur plusieurs sources courant du début du XVIIème au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle mobilise des ressources manuscrites et imprimées (documents administratifs, archives savantes et muséales, actes de congrès et autres imprimés issus des Expositions universelles, archives du secteur de l’édition, pièces documentant la collecte et la conservation d’instruments de musique, de chansons et d’enregistrements sonores) qui sont traitées à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes (analyse lexicale, sociologie des textes, bases de données, ethnographie historique). L’enquête met en lumière une configuration de patrimonialisation de la musique pilotée par l’État-nation français, qui participe d’un processus de longue durée de différenciation du social par la musique. Des opérations de collecte et de conservation des objets de musique sont impulsées par le Second Empire et confortées par la Troisième République. Elles concourent à assigner certains répertoires, portés par des populations vivantes, à une anhistoricité – un en-deçà de l’histoire. Ce partage est analysé comme un système de domination symbolique institué par plusieurs administrations (Instruction publique, Commerce et Industrie, Beaux-Arts, Colonies), produit et reproduit par différent·e·s agent·e·s mandaté·e·s par l’État (Professeur·e·s, académicien·ne·s, conservateurs et conservatrices, dirigeant·e·s territoriaux). / In this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders).

Esta dissertação aborda o desenvolvimento do projeto Arte/Cidade na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1994 e 2002, a partir de um questionamento sobre as relações entre cidade, política e estética e sobre os potenciais e problemas atuais que a arte urbana teria para se configurar como instância crítica. Arte/Cidade foi e é uma iniciativa cultural de grandes eventos de intervenção artística em espaços urbanos, que realizou quatro exposições em São Paulo, e exibiu várias mudanças em seu desenrolar: surgido em uma instituição pública como empreendimento artístico, passou a ser organizado por uma associação não-governamental e a se envolver também em debates urbanísticos, arquitetônicos e políticos sobre a metrópole contemporânea. Por outro lado, o projeto também ocorreu em meio a um momento de crescente vinculação entre empreendimentos culturais e marketing urbano, no bojo de uma progressiva espetacularização, privatização e mercadorização da cidade e da cultura. Propõe-se aqui identificar e analisar as principais mudanças nos discursos, estratégias e práticas de Arte/Cidade, com o objetivo de refletir sobre sua inserção nesse panorama e sobre as implicações e potenciais políticos de um mega-evento artístico em espaço urbano na São Paulo da década de noventa. / This dissertation discourses about the development of Arte/Cidade project in the city of São Paulo between 1994 and 2002, based on concerns about the relations between city, politics and aesthetics and about the present potentials and problems that urban art would have to configure itself as critical instance. Arte/Cidade was and is a cultural initiative of great events comprehending artistic interventions in urban spaces, which accomplished four expositions in São Paulo and showed many changes in its development: initiated in a public institution as an artistic enterprise, it was later organized by of a non-governmental association and also involved itself in urbanistic, architectonical and political debates about the contemporary metropolis. On the other hand, the project happened in a moment of increasing binding between cultural enterprises and urban marketing, in a context of progressive spectacularization, privatization and merchandising of the city and of the culture. This work intends to identify and to analyze the main changes in Arte/Cidade speeches, strategies and practices, with the objective of reflecting on its insertion in that scope and on the political implications and potentials of an artistic mega-event in the urban space of São Paulo in the ninety’s.