This thesis relies on the idea that members of a culture should be able to secure the survival and flourishing of their own culture, or, in other words, that they should be self-determining. The collective will to take charge of its own destiny is the sign that a political community exists. The development of this subjectivity is made possible by a shared culture. I argue for conceptualizing self-determination in a way that recognizes both the autonomy of cultural groups and the necessity for people-to-people relations between groups. The people-to-people relations are necessary for allowing the coexistence of different peoples with the same right to self-determination. Although the contemporary discourse of liberal multiculturalism is sympathetic to cultural self-determination, it tends to undercut its own commitment by linking itself to the current systems of nation-states and specifically Western liberal ideas about recognition and empowerment. I will argue that the nationalist discourse that is specific to the literature on liberal multiculturalism intends to empower self-determining peoples, but ultimately reinforces a hierarchy of peoples in which minorities’ nationalism is instrumental to the achievement of the myth of an overarching civic nation that is embodied in the liberal state. (T1). The myth of the civic nation has its origins in the liberal principles of individualism and neutrality of the state. In the context of a multinational state, attempts to create an overarching civic nation result in efforts to domesticate and assimilate diversity. My thesis will also argue that the survival and flourishing of cultures requires both questioning the universality of the state model and developing a post-nationalist framework that would acknowledge the legitimacy of a great diversity of political communities, as such diversity is representative of the diverse cultures that sustain these political communities. (T2).

Ce mémoire est consacré à la construction des personnages féminins juifs dans trois romans modernes et contemporains de la littérature québécoise de langue française. Il se penche sur les romans L’avalée des avalés (1967) de Réjean Ducharme, La Québécoite (1983) de Régine Robin et Hadassa (2006) de Myriam Beaudoin. Les fonctions, les valeurs et les discours entourant la présence des figures féminines juives sont analysés par le biais des dialogues entre les lieux et l’espace de manière à cerner les marqueurs identitaires, culturels, sociaux, linguistiques et religieux. Nous avons cherché à inscrire ce mémoire dans le prolongement du chapitre portant sur la figure féminine juive de l’ouvrage pionnier Mythes et images du Juif au Québec (1977) de Victor Teboul. Teboul considère la figure féminine juive comme un personnage principalement secondaire et sexuel. Cette analyse, très ancrée dans les discours sociaux de la période de publication, mérite d’être revisitée avec un corpus plus élargi et plus contemporain. Pour ce faire, nous avons cerné les principaux vecteurs identitaires féminins juifs en analysant les discours entourant leur présence, les dialogues entre identité, culture, Histoire et société et les dynamiques entre espaces et lieux. Nous avons constaté que, en plus de sortir des stéréotypes, l’identité des figures féminines juives des trois romans est modelée en fonction de son rapport aux lieux et à l’espace. D’une judéité littéraire foncièrement iconoclaste, en passant par une judéité culturelle et mémorielle jusqu’à une judéité qui se veut le plus réaliste, les trois romans du corpus diffèrent largement par leur rapport à la judéité. / This thesis is devoted to the construction of Jewish female characters in three novels of modern and contemporary Quebec french literature. It examines the novels of Réjean Ducharme, L’avalée des avalés (1967), Régine Robin, La Québécoite (1983), Myriam Beaudoin, Hadassa (2006). Functions, values and discourses surrounding the presence of Jewish women figures are analyzed by means of dialogues between places and spaces in order to identify markers of identity, culture, society, linguistic and religion. We sought to update the chapter on the female figure of the Jewish pioneering book Mythes et Images du Juif au Québec (1977) from Victor Teboul. Teboul considers the female Jewish character as a secondary and mainly sexual character. This analysis, deeply entrenched in social discourses of the period of publication, deserves to be revisited with a corpus broader and more contemporary. To do this, we identified the main vectors of female Jewish identity by analyzing the discourses surrounding this presence, dialogue between identity, culture, history and society and the dynamics between spaces and places. We found that, in addition to stereotypes, the Jewish identity of the female figures of the three novels is shaped by its relation with places and spaces. The three novels differ widely in their relationship to Jewishness.

Les Acadiens du Nouveau-Brunswick ont un parcours identitaire collectif riche en rebondissements qui les a menés vers une identité singulière solide. Ils se trouvent désormais confrontés au contexte d’une nouvelle réalité qui est la mondialisation. Depuis les dernières décennies, les changements occasionnés par la mondialisation se répercutent dans la conception même que l’on se fait du parler acadien et des pratiques culturelles acadiennes. Le chiac par exemple, auparavant stigmatisé et dévalorisé, devient maintenant porteur de valeurs identitaires modernes rattachées au mélange des cultures et à l’ouverture à l’autre. Toutefois, les contours de l’identité acadienne demeurent flous et sujets aux débats épistémologiques. La situation particulière d’un groupe qui n’a plus de territoire officiellement reconnu a une forte incidence sur les critères d’appartenance que les acteurs peuvent mobiliser pour se définir. Comment expliquer les processus d’identifications et les stratégies identitaires qui définissent l’appartenance au groupe chez les Acadiens? Partagent-ils les mêmes processus identitaires présents dans la littérature sur le sujet? Une connaissance plus approfondie des processus généraux peut-elle aider à mieux saisir et expliquer la complexité d’un groupe sensiblement diasporique dont l’identité et ses contours sont incertains? L’anthropologie en milieu acadien est presque inexistante. D’autre part, l’identité culturelle est un sujet ayant été longuement étudié et débattu, mais qui demande toujours plus de précision. Cette recherche a permis de mieux cerner de quelle façon la représentation de l’acadianité évolue en milieu minoritaire. / Acadians in New Brunswick have a solid sense of collective identity that it the result of a long and eventful process. They are now faced with the a new reality that is the context shaped by globalization. In recent decades, the changes caused by globalization are reflected in the way that Acadie and Acadian cultural practices are framed discursively. Chiac, for example, was previously stigmatized and devalued, but now becomes the bearer of modern identity values attached to the mixing of cultures and openness to others. Yet the contours of Acadian identity remain unclear and are subject to epistemological debates. The particular situation of this group that has no officially recognized territory has a significant impact on what membership criteria actors can mobilize to define their group. How can we explain the process of identification and identity strategies that define group membership among the Acadians? Do they share the same identity processes that are mentioned in the literature on the subject? Could a deeper understanding of general processes help to better understand and explain the complexity of a group whose indentity is marked by the diasporic experience and whose contours are uncertain? Anthropology is almost nonexistent in the Acadian community. At the same time, cultural identity is a topic that has been extensively studied and debated, but that needs more precise definition. This research is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of how of the representation of minority Acadian identity has evolved.

This thesis concentrates on the 1860s migration and settlement experience of the first German settlers of Gramzow on Queensland’s Logan River. It also describes the internal migration of some among them to the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s. The latter journey was undertaken in the company of other Germans from the Logan River district and formed part of a pattern of cluster and chain migration to the North Coast. The first chapter in this thesis discusses the early German settlers’ decision to migrate from their homelands, and their economic and societal reasons for migration. The role played by Johann Christian Heussler in the Germans’ choice of Queensland as a destination, and his contributions to the economic development of Queensland through his position as Emigration Agent to the German States, are reviewed. This thesis also attempts to bring balance to the reputation of Godeffroy and Son, the Hamburg shipping line engaged by Heussler, which brought most of the German settlers to Queensland in the 1860s. The company’s visible commercial strengths such as their size and experience in the Pacific, and their private, internal weaknesses such as failure to adopt new technologies, are examined. Conditions on the Godeffroy vessels are compared with the conditions on ships sailing from Hamburg to America. This approach avoids the usual comparison of German with British sailing ships coming into Moreton Bay. Britain’s exemplary standards for passenger health were beyond the reach of emigrant fleets who operated under Hamburg’s older regulations. The research concludes that, in the early 1860s, conditions on the Godeffroy ships for Queensland were superior to Hamburg ships for New York. Furthermore, this thesis describes the 1868 German settlement of Gramzow on the Logan River and compares it to Bethania. The significance of Queensland’s 1868 lands legislation to the German settlers is explored. It is suggested that the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act is connected to the U.S. Homestead Act, 1862, and a comparison is drawn between the Australian, American and Canadian lands settlement legislation. This comparison enables the further suggestion that homestead selectors of the Logan were part of an international group of homesteaders whose occupational identity was tied to opening the land to agricultural smallholding at little cost through many similar or identical legislative rules that predominantly impacted their economic standing positively. How land orders enabled Logan settlers to increase their land holdings is discussed, as are the negative aspects of the lands legislation such as the upper 160 acre limit on land holding. The migration of early German settlers of the Logan district north to Maroochy occurred under Queensland’s 1876 lands legislation. This thesis examines the settlement of Germans on the Canando Run along the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s, and describes their settlement conditions. Their motives for moving are examined, how the discovery of gold at Gympie affected them is explored, and the establishment of three German businesses at Maroochy is described. A chart comparing the settlers’ land holdings on the Logan with those at Maroochy illustrates that by moving north, some settlers were able to increase their land holdings threefold. The disappearance of Deutschtum (‘German culture’) after the turn of the century is examined in the final chapter. This thesis asks whether it is appropriate to continue to use the term ‘assimilation’ when speaking of Queensland’s German settler community before and during the First World War. The term appears to draw a veil over the political and economic subjugation of the community during this period. The thesis proposes that it was easier to survive the difficulties of war in rural rather than in urban communities. Although the historiography of the German settlers of Queensland supports an academic conversation on topics such as German emigration, land acquisition and settlement, this thesis focuses on issues outside the boundaries of the current academic thrust. These issues include the settlement of Gramzow in 1868, the homestead provisions in the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act and their origins in lands legislation in America, the services provided through Johann Christian Heussler by the German emigrant shipping line ‘Godeffroy and Son,’ the settlement of the North Arm of the Maroochy River by Logan Germans in the early 1880s, and a rejection of the term ‘assimilation’ to describe the eradication of German culture in Queensland after 1914. The leitmotif of this thesis is cultural identity and it explores change in German settlers through various aspects of their identity such as their psychological identity, diasporic experiences, language, and legal and political identity after taking citizenship.

This thesis concentrates on the 1860s migration and settlement experience of the first German settlers of Gramzow on Queensland’s Logan River. It also describes the internal migration of some among them to the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s. The latter journey was undertaken in the company of other Germans from the Logan River district and formed part of a pattern of cluster and chain migration to the North Coast. The first chapter in this thesis discusses the early German settlers’ decision to migrate from their homelands, and their economic and societal reasons for migration. The role played by Johann Christian Heussler in the Germans’ choice of Queensland as a destination, and his contributions to the economic development of Queensland through his position as Emigration Agent to the German States, are reviewed. This thesis also attempts to bring balance to the reputation of Godeffroy and Son, the Hamburg shipping line engaged by Heussler, which brought most of the German settlers to Queensland in the 1860s. The company’s visible commercial strengths such as their size and experience in the Pacific, and their private, internal weaknesses such as failure to adopt new technologies, are examined. Conditions on the Godeffroy vessels are compared with the conditions on ships sailing from Hamburg to America. This approach avoids the usual comparison of German with British sailing ships coming into Moreton Bay. Britain’s exemplary standards for passenger health were beyond the reach of emigrant fleets who operated under Hamburg’s older regulations. The research concludes that, in the early 1860s, conditions on the Godeffroy ships for Queensland were superior to Hamburg ships for New York. Furthermore, this thesis describes the 1868 German settlement of Gramzow on the Logan River and compares it to Bethania. The significance of Queensland’s 1868 lands legislation to the German settlers is explored. It is suggested that the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act is connected to the U.S. Homestead Act, 1862, and a comparison is drawn between the Australian, American and Canadian lands settlement legislation. This comparison enables the further suggestion that homestead selectors of the Logan were part of an international group of homesteaders whose occupational identity was tied to opening the land to agricultural smallholding at little cost through many similar or identical legislative rules that predominantly impacted their economic standing positively. How land orders enabled Logan settlers to increase their land holdings is discussed, as are the negative aspects of the lands legislation such as the upper 160 acre limit on land holding. The migration of early German settlers of the Logan district north to Maroochy occurred under Queensland’s 1876 lands legislation. This thesis examines the settlement of Germans on the Canando Run along the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s, and describes their settlement conditions. Their motives for moving are examined, how the discovery of gold at Gympie affected them is explored, and the establishment of three German businesses at Maroochy is described. A chart comparing the settlers’ land holdings on the Logan with those at Maroochy illustrates that by moving north, some settlers were able to increase their land holdings threefold. The disappearance of Deutschtum (‘German culture’) after the turn of the century is examined in the final chapter. This thesis asks whether it is appropriate to continue to use the term ‘assimilation’ when speaking of Queensland’s German settler community before and during the First World War. The term appears to draw a veil over the political and economic subjugation of the community during this period. The thesis proposes that it was easier to survive the difficulties of war in rural rather than in urban communities. Although the historiography of the German settlers of Queensland supports an academic conversation on topics such as German emigration, land acquisition and settlement, this thesis focuses on issues outside the boundaries of the current academic thrust. These issues include the settlement of Gramzow in 1868, the homestead provisions in the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act and their origins in lands legislation in America, the services provided through Johann Christian Heussler by the German emigrant shipping line ‘Godeffroy and Son,’ the settlement of the North Arm of the Maroochy River by Logan Germans in the early 1880s, and a rejection of the term ‘assimilation’ to describe the eradication of German culture in Queensland after 1914. The leitmotif of this thesis is cultural identity and it explores change in German settlers through various aspects of their identity such as their psychological identity, diasporic experiences, language, and legal and political identity after taking citizenship.

This thesis concentrates on the 1860s migration and settlement experience of the first German settlers of Gramzow on Queensland’s Logan River. It also describes the internal migration of some among them to the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s. The latter journey was undertaken in the company of other Germans from the Logan River district and formed part of a pattern of cluster and chain migration to the North Coast. The first chapter in this thesis discusses the early German settlers’ decision to migrate from their homelands, and their economic and societal reasons for migration. The role played by Johann Christian Heussler in the Germans’ choice of Queensland as a destination, and his contributions to the economic development of Queensland through his position as Emigration Agent to the German States, are reviewed. This thesis also attempts to bring balance to the reputation of Godeffroy and Son, the Hamburg shipping line engaged by Heussler, which brought most of the German settlers to Queensland in the 1860s. The company’s visible commercial strengths such as their size and experience in the Pacific, and their private, internal weaknesses such as failure to adopt new technologies, are examined. Conditions on the Godeffroy vessels are compared with the conditions on ships sailing from Hamburg to America. This approach avoids the usual comparison of German with British sailing ships coming into Moreton Bay. Britain’s exemplary standards for passenger health were beyond the reach of emigrant fleets who operated under Hamburg’s older regulations. The research concludes that, in the early 1860s, conditions on the Godeffroy ships for Queensland were superior to Hamburg ships for New York. Furthermore, this thesis describes the 1868 German settlement of Gramzow on the Logan River and compares it to Bethania. The significance of Queensland’s 1868 lands legislation to the German settlers is explored. It is suggested that the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act is connected to the U.S. Homestead Act, 1862, and a comparison is drawn between the Australian, American and Canadian lands settlement legislation. This comparison enables the further suggestion that homestead selectors of the Logan were part of an international group of homesteaders whose occupational identity was tied to opening the land to agricultural smallholding at little cost through many similar or identical legislative rules that predominantly impacted their economic standing positively. How land orders enabled Logan settlers to increase their land holdings is discussed, as are the negative aspects of the lands legislation such as the upper 160 acre limit on land holding. The migration of early German settlers of the Logan district north to Maroochy occurred under Queensland’s 1876 lands legislation. This thesis examines the settlement of Germans on the Canando Run along the North Arm of the Maroochy River in the early 1880s, and describes their settlement conditions. Their motives for moving are examined, how the discovery of gold at Gympie affected them is explored, and the establishment of three German businesses at Maroochy is described. A chart comparing the settlers’ land holdings on the Logan with those at Maroochy illustrates that by moving north, some settlers were able to increase their land holdings threefold. The disappearance of Deutschtum (‘German culture’) after the turn of the century is examined in the final chapter. This thesis asks whether it is appropriate to continue to use the term ‘assimilation’ when speaking of Queensland’s German settler community before and during the First World War. The term appears to draw a veil over the political and economic subjugation of the community during this period. The thesis proposes that it was easier to survive the difficulties of war in rural rather than in urban communities. Although the historiography of the German settlers of Queensland supports an academic conversation on topics such as German emigration, land acquisition and settlement, this thesis focuses on issues outside the boundaries of the current academic thrust. These issues include the settlement of Gramzow in 1868, the homestead provisions in the 1868 Crown Lands Alienation Act and their origins in lands legislation in America, the services provided through Johann Christian Heussler by the German emigrant shipping line ‘Godeffroy and Son,’ the settlement of the North Arm of the Maroochy River by Logan Germans in the early 1880s, and a rejection of the term ‘assimilation’ to describe the eradication of German culture in Queensland after 1914. The leitmotif of this thesis is cultural identity and it explores change in German settlers through various aspects of their identity such as their psychological identity, diasporic experiences, language, and legal and political identity after taking citizenship.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3268093 bytes, checksum: e8ffa3376c76785b52a7634d8c10c30c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study is to examine the myths of African culture as elements of information in memory and preservation of the Community of Quilombola Alcantarense Itamatatiua. Consisting of specific objectives to identify, verify how the preservation, understanding of these myths, and the possibility of contribution to the continuation of studies and surveys that portray the history and memory black. The couple's Theory of the Imaginary by Gilbert Durand, we adopt the mitoanálise that allows simultaneous analysis of the myths with the methodology of qualitative ethnographic approach in order to describe, thick, the survey data collected through semi-structured direct observation and identification record. Explains the theoretical and methodological Theory durandiana with its functions, features and contributions to the historical course of humanity. Highlights concepts of information, memory and preservation addressed in CI. Points out the myths of African culture, the ancestry of black Alcantara and Maranhao in order to describe the socio-economic-political-cultural Itamatatiuenses. Identifies the mythological figures prevailing in African education, leisure and health from the lenses of the Basin and Semantic Topical Mimic. We conclude that the mythological information and its preservation should occur in partnership with the Law 10.639/03, and this information may bring back self-esteem and serve to perpetuate the tradition of the inhabitants of Itamatatiua. / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os mitos da cultura africana como elementos de informação e preservação na memória da Comunidade Quilombola Alcantarense de Itamatatiua. Para isso, elencaram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: identificar, verificar como esses mitos são compreendidos e como podem contribuir para a continuidade de estudos e pesquisas que retratem a história e a memória negra. A par da Teoria do Imaginário, de Gilbert Durand, adota-se a mitoanálise, que permite a análise dos mitos concomitante com a metodologia qualitativa de abordagem etnográfica, com o propósito de descrever, densamente, os dados da pesquisa recolhidos por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, observação direta e ficha de identificação. Explana o referencial teórico-metodológico da Teoria durandiana, com suas funções, particularidades e contribuições para a trajetória histórica da humanidade. Destaca conceitos de informação, memória e preservação abordados na CI. Aponta os mitos da cultura africana, a ancestralidade dos negros do Maranhão e de Alcântara, a fim de descrever o contexto socioeconômico, político e cultural dos itamatatiuenses. Identifica as figuras mitológicas africanas predominantes na educação, no lazer e na saúde, através das lentes da Bacia Semântica e Tópica Diagramática. Conclui-se que a informação mitológica e sua preservação devem ocorrer em parceria com a Lei 10.639/03, e essas informações podem devolver a autoestima e servir para perpetuar a tradição dos quilombolas de Itamatatiua.

Le patrimoine culturel des minorités comprend l’ensemble des œuvres matérielles et non matérielles de ses artistes et de ses savants, ainsi que les créations anonymes du groupe, comme la langue, les rites, les croyances, et les modes de vies, qui marquent l’identité culturelle du groupe et qui donnent un sens à la vie de ses membres.Comment protéger le patrimoine culturel de ces groupes et assurer leur contribution au patrimoine commun de l’humanité ?La première difficulté est le présupposé selon lequel la reconnaissance de l’identité culturelle collective de ces groupes dépend de leur reconnaissance juridique dans l’ordre juridique international. De ce point de vue, le droit international est un système constitué par et pour des personnes juridiques comme les États et les organisations internationales. La personne humaine ne trouve sa place dans cet ordre qu’en tant qu’individu sujet des droits de l’homme. Mais les entités comme les peuples, les minorités et les peuples autochtones ont besoin d’une reconnaissance juridique. La généralité du concept même de patrimoine culturel des minorités constitue un second obstacle. En l’absence de conventions explicites, le patrimoine culturel de ces groupes recouvre une réalité vaste et complexe, difficile à appréhender en droit. Dans cette thèse nous étudierons comment le droit international protège le patrimoine culturel des minorités. En effet, nous considérons que, bien qu’il n’existe toujours pas de définition précise et unifiée du patrimoine culturel, les développements juridiques récents démontrent bel et bien l’émergence d’une coutume internationale protégeant le patrimoine culturel des minorités. / The cultural heritage of minorities comprises the works of its artists, its intellectuals, as well as all the creations arisen from its memory and the collective knowledge, such as the languages, the shared rituals, beliefs, and ways of life, those mark the cultural identity of the group and give the sense to the lives of its members. How to protect the cultural heritage of these groups and ensure their contribution to the common heritage of mankind? The first difficulty in this regard is the presumption that the cultural heritage of these groups is linked to their collective identity. Thus, the protection of the identity depends to the recognition of the group as the subject of international law. From this point of view, international law is a system made by and for the legal entities such as States and the international organizations. The individual finds its place in this order as subject of human rights. Nevertheless, collective entities like peoples, minorities and indigenous peoples need a legal recognition. On the other hand, the generality of the concept of cultural heritage it self is a second obstacle before its legal recognition. In the absence of explicit conventions defining it, the cultural heritage of these groups covers a vast and complex reality hard to recognize in legal terms. In this thesis we analyze how does international law protects the cultural heritage of minorities. We consider, although there is not still any clear and unified legal definition of cultural heritage, recent developments demonstrate the emergence of a customary international law protecting the cultural heritage of these groups.

No description available.

The purpose of this study is to create a broader understanding of the concept of afrophobia. The purpose of the study is also to investigate how the term ”afrophobia” is expressed in public documents. The research questions are: When did the concept of afrophobia begin to be used on an international level, but above all in Sweden? How is the term ”afrophobia” defined by different organizations and public bodies? What alternative terms are also used, and how does their meaning differ? What possible effects can different definitions contribute to? The method that will be applied by an idea analysis on my primary material. As an analysis tool, I will use five different dimensions that consist of the following: Historical perspective, Cultural identity, Intercultural perspective with a postcolonial point of departure, Strategic essentialism/cosmopolitism and critical whiteness perspective/color blindness. The result will show the different definitions of the primary material and is analyzed based on my chosen dimensions.