A sophisticated evolutionary conserved innate immune system has evolved in insects to fight pathogens and to restrict damage in harmful (danger) situations including cancer. A significant amount of knowledge about different infection models in Drosophila has been generated in past decades, which revealed functional resemblances and implications for vertebrate systems. However, how Drosophila responds towards multicellular parasitic nematodes and in danger situations is still little understood. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to characterize multiple aspects of the host defense in the two important contexts mentioned above. We analyzed the transcriptome profiles of nematode-infected Drosophila larvae with uninfected samples. For this we employed the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora with its symbiont Photorhabdus luminescence to infect Drosophila larvae. We found 642 genes were differentially regulated upon infection. Among them a significant portion belonged to immune categories. Further functional analysis identified a thioester containing protein TEP3, a recognition protein GNBP-like 3, the basement membrane component protein Glutactin and several other small peptides. Upon loss or reduced expression of these genes hosts showed mortality during nematode infections. This study uncovers a novel function for several of the genes in immunity. Furthermore, we investigated the cellular response towards nematodes. When we eliminated hemocytes genetically (referred to as hml-apo) in Drosophila, we found hml-apo larvae are resistant to nematodes. Subsequent characterization of hml-apo larvae showed massive lamellocyte differentiation (another blood cell type which is rare in naïve larvae), emergence of melanotic masses, up- and down-regulation of Toll and Imd signaling respectively suggesting a pro-inflammatory response. Moreover, a striking defective leg phenotype in adult escapers from pupal lethality was observed. We identified nitric oxide (NO) as a key regulator of these processes. We also showed that imaginal disc growth factors 3 (IDGF3): (a) protects hosts against nematodes, (b) is a clotting component and (c) negatively regulates Wnt and JAK/STAT signaling. To follow larval behavior in the presence or absence of nematodes we monitored Drosophila larval locomotion behaviors using FIMtrack (a recently devised automated method) to elucidate evasive strategies of hosts. Finally, we characterized host defenses in three Drosophila leukemia models with and without nematode infection. Taken together, these studies shed light on host responses in two crucial circumstances, nematode infections and danger situations. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

The aim of this thesis is to summarise the legal framework of states of crisis in legal order of the Czech Republic, to point at the main shortages and provide possible solutions. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter firstly takes a closer look at the general conception of states of crisis defined by legal theory. Then follows the topic of states of crisis and their functioning in ancient Rome, England till the 19th century and in France and Germany during the last 150 years. The second chapter is focused on the types of states of crisis which were known in the previous Czech legal orders. Attention is mainly paid to the state of war and declaration of war. The next part deals with the other historical states of crisis, such as those which arose originally from Austrian Emergency Measures Act, till the legislative proposals antecedent to current Security of the Czech Republic Act. The third chapter is firstly defining current legal terms and analysing states of crisis which are regulated in the Czech legal order. The text starts with the state of danger and then proceeds to the state of emergency, state of threat to the state and to the state of war. The subchapters expound who and under which circumstances, is entitled to declare each single state. The position of selected...

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-05-09T13:40:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luiza Gardiman Arruda.pdf: 1164116 bytes, checksum: a760ef7aa3745dff00ea2265b660b2bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T13:40:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Luiza Gardiman Arruda.pdf: 1164116 bytes, checksum: a760ef7aa3745dff00ea2265b660b2bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Dangerousness is a controversial issue in criminal law by presenting two bases that distinctly affect the system. In matters of constraint of safety measures relating to non-imputable violators, the dangerousness takes the role of the psychiatry concept; when it is shown in the personality analysis of the imputable violator or in reprisals during the penalty execution, it takes shape of interdisciplinary, covering social issues inferences. The real use of dangerousness is questioned as a criterion for the criminal penalty, taking into account its incompability with legal category of culpability; and the relation between dangerousness, cruelty and enemy election. The starting point of analysis is the historical context of the emergence of the segregation idea of dangerous individuals, with the scope of demonstrating its interference in a construction that became theory, based on the distortion of the philosophy of Hegel. The study of criminal positivism, the clinical criminology and neuroscience will demonstrate that, for different approaches, the same is intended: penal law of an author based on the individual’s dangerousness. The study will then, analyze the dangerous individual according to Foucault’s studies. According to this, important themes will be proposed such as the relation between medicine and law, leading in the study of personality; the criminological exam and its controversial application nowadays; the safety measures and the proposals for psychiatric reform. Considering the role of social control, the study will analyze the dangerousness as a stigma and as an argument of exclusion, fact that will show that it is an unacceptable attributed quality. Still in this sense, the study will undergo the criminal law of the enemy and its influence on the current criminal law sciences searching for a philosophical answer to the social need of classifying people as dangerous. The study will be done using Nietzsche’s theory. Finally, it will treat the incompatibility between dangerousness and culpability considering important issues such as the differences between the criminal law of the author and criminal law of the fact; as well as the culpability as a limit to law enforcement. With all this, the aim is to show the existence of dangerousness in every individuals and, at the same time, its incompatibility with the penal system of culpability / A periculosidade é tema controverso do direito penal, por apresentar dois vieses que afetam distintamente o sistema. Quando se trata de imposição de medidas de segurança aos inimputáveis, a periculosidade assume o papel de conceito da psiquiatria; quando se manifesta na análise da personalidade do sujeito imputável ou em represálias durante a execução da pena, ganha contornos de interdisciplinaridade, abrangendo a interferência de questões sociais. Questiona-se a real utilidade da periculosidade enquanto critério para a sanção penal, considerando sua incompatibilidade com a categoria jurídica da culpabilidade; e a relação entre periculosidade, crueldade e eleição de inimigos. O ponto de partida da análise é o contexto histórico do surgimento da ideia de segregação de sujeitos perigosos, com o escopo de demonstrar a sua interferência em uma construção que passou a ser teórica, com base na distorção do pensamento hegeliano. O estudo do positivismo criminológico, da criminologia clínica e da neurociência demonstrarão que, por enfoques diversos, pretende-se a mesma coisa: um direito penal de autor, com base na periculosidade do sujeito. O trabalho passará, então, à análise do sujeito perigoso, de acordo com os estudos de Foucault. Nesse ponto serão tratados temas importantes como a relação entre medicina e direito, confluindo no estudo da personalidade; o exame criminológico e sua controversa aplicação nos dias de hoje; as medidas de segurança; e as propostas da reforma psiquiátrica. Considerando o papel do controle social, o trabalho analisará a periculosidade como estigma e como argumento de exclusão, o que nos mostrará que ela é uma insustentável qualidade atribuída. Ainda nesse ponto, passará pelo direito penal do inimigo e sua influência nas ciências criminais atuais e buscará uma resposta filosófica à necessidade social de classificar pessoas como perigosas, o que será feito por meio da teoria de Nietzsche. Por fim, tratará da incompatibilidade entre periculosidade e culpabilidade, considerando temas importantes, como as diferenças entre direito penal de autor e direito penal de fato; bem como a culpabilidade como limite para a imposição de pena. Pretende-se, com tudo isso, demonstrar a existência da periculosidade em todos os sujeitos e, ao mesmo tempo, a sua incompatibilidade com o sistema penal de culpabilidade

The following diploma thesis deals with the analysis of two short stories by Adalbert Stifter from his collection Colorful stones - Rock Crystal and Granit. They were deliberately chosen, because in both stories children are the main protagonists. In these short stories there is always a boy and a girl, while the boy is always the one more experienced, and he protects the girl and brings her to safety. She follows him and obeys his instructions. Although the text contains many descriptions, it does not act statically because the heroes are on the run from danger, which gives the action dynamics. The text, the story, the language and the plot of the short stories as well as their common elements are analyzed. Furthermore, the theoretical concept, which is formulated in the preface to this collection, and whose major concepts are big and small, is confronted with the realization in these short stories. KEYWORDS Life, experience, ordinary, extraordinary, child, behaving, love, danger, nature, landscape, death

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Nunes Pereira Fernandes.pdf: 5099844 bytes, checksum: 16f8c45e1c874d8f13e2cf60ca6cdbe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The danger is that German? He really exist? Or just prefaced the imagination of society? The French, before the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, followed by Americans inspired by the ideals of the Monroe Doctrine, were the main promoters of the thesis of "German danger" which was the probability of the colonies in southern Brazil represent the entry point for expansion German imperialism in America. As soon as such ideological justifications and arguments broke out in the country and in turn influenced the Brazilian elites and allowing here would spread abroad the impending danger, which eventually affect, directly, the German colonies. This work has the nerve to discuss the core German danger in the city of São Paulo, marking time between 1889 to 1918. Seeks to highlight the persecution and surveillance campaign against the German Teutonic-Brazilian and through periodic analysis of Germania, O Estado de Sao Paulo and Gazeta, as well as the police records. Performing a parallel between the publications made by the newspapers, consistent and reflect the danger of German society in the same venues, showing that the German idea of danger was even more legitimate and widespread among the population due to placements by the press / O que é o perigo alemão? Ele realmente existiu? Ou apenas perscrutava o imaginário da sociedade? Os franceses, diante da derrota na Guerra Franco- Prussiana, seguidos pelos americanos inspirados nos ideários da Doutrina Monroe, foram os principais divulgadores da tese do perigo alemão que consistia na probabilidade de as colônias do Sul do Brasil representarem o ponto de entrada para expansão imperialista alemã na América. Tão logo tais justificativas e argumentos ideológicos eclodiram em território nacional, acabaram influenciando as elites brasileiras e permitindo que se difundisse aqui a iminência do perigo estrangeiro, que acabou por afetar, diretamente, as colônias alemãs. Este trabalho tem como fulcro nevrálgico discutir o perigo alemão na cidade de São Paulo, no balizamento temporal entre 1889 a 1918. Busca enfatizar as perseguições e as vigilâncias empreendidas contra os alemães e teuto-brasileiros, através da análise dos periódicos Germania, O Estado de São Paulo e a Gazeta, assim como dos prontuários policiais, estabelecendo um paralelo entre as publicações feitas pelos jornais, condizentes co o perigo alemão , e o reflexo das mesmas, na sociedade paulistana, demonstrando que a ideia de perigo alemão foi, ainda mais, legitimada e disseminada entre a população, devido às veiculações por parte da imprensa

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Francisco Greco Martins.pdf: 3777368 bytes, checksum: 2e84278c0946fce6f6cb13dfbebd31d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research problematizes the social practices and representations within the social space of the favela (slum) Jardim Maria Virgínia (JMV) in the years of 1999 and 2011/12. The area is located in the southern outskirts of the city of São Paulo, in the Campo Limpo district. The research was carried out through a qualitative approach. Besides the usual methods, photographic images were used as a research resource. In 1999, local people were facing a threat of eviction, which was photographed by then. At that time, some inhabitants were interviewed. Returning to the slum in 2011/12, it was investigated what had changed and what had remained steady concerning the social practices and representations experimented by the dwellers in 1999. Through an approach based on the presuppositions of the disruption of politics, the thesis development has revealed the settings of contrasts and continuities between the two moments which are distant in time, as well as it has shown an unstable, provisory and unfinished everyday life, characterized by violence, fear and silence, and whose synthesis is inscribed within the logic of incompleteness / O presente estudo problematiza as práticas e representações sociais no espaço social da favela Jardim Maria Virgínia (JMV), localizada no bairro do Campo Limpo, periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, em 1999 e 2011/12. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de ordem qualitativa que, além dos recursos metodológicos clássicos, empregou a imagem fotográfica como instrumento de pesquisa. Em 1999, a favela enfrentava o momento do perigo do despejo, o qual foi fotografado, e os moradores entrevistados. Ao retornar à favela em 2011/12, buscou-se verificar o que mudou ou se manteve constante nas práticas e representações sociais experimentadas por seus moradores em 1999. Com uma abordagem sustentada nos pressupostos do desmanche da política, o desenvolvimento da tese revelou a tessitura dos contrastes e continuidades entre os dois momentos distantes no tempo, assim como demonstrou um cotidiano instável, provisório e inacabado, revestido pela violência, medo e silêncio, cuja síntese inscreveu-se na lógica da incompletude

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea da Silva Souza Sanchez.pdf: 1371123 bytes, checksum: e69fd6c16ebf2a67e71c0cfc9c4adc87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-24 / Brazilian society when following the increase of recall campaigns has associated the raising of such introduction in the market place of products and services as interpreted as a high level of danger and hazardousness to the health and well being safety of consumers. A better comprehension of such issue, has this work getting started as a brief rescue of Law history on health and safety towards the end consumer, inserted in social Law and its fundaments on Law in the country, through the identification of participant responsible for its ruling, monitoring and control measures on the Recall itself. We are focused in limiting the issue specially in understanding, acquiring a concept and its improvement on ruling recall campaigns towards Consumer Protection Code, focusing on the duty to inform suppliers of the articles 8th to 10 on Law nº. 8.078/90, which deals with protection towards health and consumer´s safety. Aiming to demonstrate how current public policies are towards it in this country, the improvement of such Policies will enable growth of campaigns, rule lists and action under the responsibility of the increment of the institute, always recognizing how it is done, specially under the comparing task of the government actions in Brazil and in other countries, by investing high technology in scientific research granting a higher protection possibility to consumers / A sociedade brasileira, ao acompanhar o aumento do número das campanhas de recall, por vezes o tem associado ao aumento da introdução no mercado de consumo de produtos e serviços como alto grau de nocividade e periculosidade à saúde e segurança dos consumidores. Para melhor compreensão da relevância da matéria, o trabalho se inicia com um breve resgate histórico do direito a saúde e segurança do consumidor, inseridos como direito social e fundamental no ordenamento jurídico do País, passando pela identificação dos atores responsáveis pela normatização, monitoramento e fiscalização do recall. Preocupamo-nos a delimitar o tema exclusivamente a entender, conceituar e analisar a evolução de sua regulamentação das campanhas de recall disciplinadas pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor, dando ênfase ao dever de informar dos fornecedores disposto nos artigos 8º ao 10 da Lei nº. 8.078/90, que tratam da proteção à saúde e segurança dos consumidores. Com o intuito de demonstrar quão recentes são as políticas públicas de proteção à saúde e segurança do consumidor no País, cujo aprimoramento possibilitará um crescimento ainda maior dão quantidade de campanhas, foram listados regramentos e ações responsáveis pelo incremento do instituto sem, no entanto deixar de reconhecer o quanto há por ser feito, especialmente pela comparação da evolução das atuações governamentais do Brasil com a de outros países, que contam com investimento em alta tecnologia e pesquisa científica que garantem maior grau de proteção aos consumidores

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Nemeti.pdf: 494008 bytes, checksum: eb782c209f6f04fcb91e27178d785039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20 / The aim with this study is to analyze the validity and legitimacy of the abstract danger s crimes to the principle of offensiveness or harmfulness. The problem that arises is the increasing adoption of this type of offense, with foundation in the principle of precaution, in order to control the call of Risk Society. Because, as know, in the abstract danger s crimes, it is not required the legal asset is exposed to risk, given that in such cases there is only a probability of placing the legal asset at risk. So, what we intend to discuss in this paper, it is whether this type of crimes offends the structure of the felony and the basic tenets of criminal law classic / O que se pretende com o presente estudo é analisar a validade e a legitimidade dos crimes de perigo abstrato à luz do princípio da ofensividade ou da lesividade. O problema que surge é o da crescente adoção desse tipo de delito, com alicerce no principio da precaução, como forma de controle da chamada Sociedade do Risco. É que, como se sabe, nos crimes de perigo abstrato, não se exige sequer que o bem jurídico seja exposto ao risco, sendo certo que, nesses casos, há apenas uma probabilidade da colocação do bem jurídico em risco. Assim, o que se pretende discutir no presente trabalho, é se esse tipo de incriminação ofende a estrutura do delito e os postulados básicos do Direito Penal Clássico

Orientador: Christina de Rezende Rubim / Banca: Reinero Antônio Lérias / Banca: Bárbara Fadel / Banca: Áureo Busseto / Banca: Ethel Kosminsky / Resumo: O nosso objetivo é interpretar o risco-perigo entre os cortadores de cana-de-açúcar residentes em um bairro de Jacarezinho, localizado no vale do Paranapanema na divisa entre os estados do Paraná e São Paulo. Procura-se captar o dizível e o indizível, o dito e o não dito, o modo de viver em uma vila que traz na história da sua organização e formação social, emblemas e estereótipos sobre aqueles que enfrentam as condições próprias do assalariado rural em sua atividade itinerante, na contigüidade entre o local de moradia e o talhão de cana. Classificados como trabalhadores desqualificados, estes homens e mulheres, ao se dirigirem no rumo dos canaviais, tornar-se-iam invisíveis e impedidos de se fazer reconhecidos e valorizados publicamente por aquilo que desenvolvem; suas atividades passam a ser consideradas descartáveis, algo que pode ser executado por qualquer um, mediante os novos saberes que até então os recomendavam. E, dentre todos aqueles que não tem acesso aos meios de produção, especificamente, os trabalhadores que vieram se tornar assalariados rurais trazem sobre si as marcas da herança do passado, do costume em se lidar com a terra, mas que sob a civilização da usina, em uma lógica de igualdade de chances de trabalho para todos, deliberadamente faz uso da diferenciação entre homens e mulheres, jovens e velhos, negros e brancos, impondo uma hierarquização nas relações de trabalho que não se faz circunscrita ao talhão de cana. Condições que passam a ser comuns, e que retiram do tempo passado a sua legitimidade: um tempo em que revolver a terra com o arado, puxado por animais, em comparação à esteira mecânica dos nossos dias, parece não oferecer maiores implicações à saúde de quem é obrigado a se submeter a esta disciplina. Indiferenciação que trouxe consigo situações outras que aquelas vividas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: In this speech interpreted on the risk-danger in the sugar-care cutters residents in Jacarezinho's Municipal District neighborhood. Located in Paranapanema's Village, boderlining Paraná and São Paulo. It's captured the said and unsaid, towards the way of live in a village that brings in its history's organization and social structure. Emblems and stereotypes about and among those who faces ownerns conditions rural in its itineranty activity and in a continguity between residence and bound sugar cane. Classifield as non qualification employees, this people in a sugar cane plantation, will become invisible and forbiden to be recognized and praized publicaly by what they developt, it means, their activities started to be considered disposable, some thing that can be executed by anyone towards the new knoledge since then recomended them. And, because of those who were blocked ascess of productions, specifically the employed became earns salary rural bring itself the inheritance marks in the past, the costume to lead the earth, but under sugar cane civilization in a equality logic of chandes of job for all, deliberately the diference usage between men and women, younger and older, black and white, imposing a hierarchization in the job relationship that doesn't bound the sugar cane. The conditions that become ordinary and take away the past of time and its legitimacy. A time to revolve earth with the plow, pulled by animals, in comparison to the mechanical wake of our days, its doesn't seems major implications to health by those who are obligate to be under this discipline. Indiference thath brought by itself other situations human another lived in coffe brazilian plantations time and the job relation partnership, paused the other way it is not only social, but also space towards new relations social and productive. The contiguity between São Paulo Village and the cuttings, appeared, started in the end of forties, brought in it span, so much in a new. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Francisco Greco Martins.pdf: 3777368 bytes, checksum: 2e84278c0946fce6f6cb13dfbebd31d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research problematizes the social practices and representations within the social space of the favela (slum) Jardim Maria Virgínia (JMV) in the years of 1999 and 2011/12. The area is located in the southern outskirts of the city of São Paulo, in the Campo Limpo district. The research was carried out through a qualitative approach. Besides the usual methods, photographic images were used as a research resource. In 1999, local people were facing a threat of eviction, which was photographed by then. At that time, some inhabitants were interviewed. Returning to the slum in 2011/12, it was investigated what had changed and what had remained steady concerning the social practices and representations experimented by the dwellers in 1999. Through an approach based on the presuppositions of the disruption of politics, the thesis development has revealed the settings of contrasts and continuities between the two moments which are distant in time, as well as it has shown an unstable, provisory and unfinished everyday life, characterized by violence, fear and silence, and whose synthesis is inscribed within the logic of incompleteness / O presente estudo problematiza as práticas e representações sociais no espaço social da favela Jardim Maria Virgínia (JMV), localizada no bairro do Campo Limpo, periferia da zona sul da cidade de São Paulo, em 1999 e 2011/12. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de ordem qualitativa que, além dos recursos metodológicos clássicos, empregou a imagem fotográfica como instrumento de pesquisa. Em 1999, a favela enfrentava o momento do perigo do despejo, o qual foi fotografado, e os moradores entrevistados. Ao retornar à favela em 2011/12, buscou-se verificar o que mudou ou se manteve constante nas práticas e representações sociais experimentadas por seus moradores em 1999. Com uma abordagem sustentada nos pressupostos do desmanche da política, o desenvolvimento da tese revelou a tessitura dos contrastes e continuidades entre os dois momentos distantes no tempo, assim como demonstrou um cotidiano instável, provisório e inacabado, revestido pela violência, medo e silêncio, cuja síntese inscreveu-se na lógica da incompletude