Ernest Gaines collection of five short stories Bloodline, (1968) depicts the effects of racism and its denigrating effects on the lives of the black men. Gaines use of animal imagery furthers the effects of racism on the psychology of the blacks. The resolution comes around in the form of a mentor who helps the protagonists to break through the debilitating mind-set and work towards a new self-identity no longer defined by the white man. Gaines articulates the effects of lack of maturity, responsibility and understanding on the lives of the protagonists, their families and the community as a whole. Gaines brings out the new avatar of the black man who in his self-actualized journey arrives at an understanding of nurturing, caring and contributing to the community. It marks both the culmination and a beginning of true manhood in the lives of his central characters.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychology / Ronald G. Downey / The harmful workplace behavior field, although relatively new, is fragmented. Despite a few collaborative efforts (Fox & Spector, 2005; Keashly & Jagatic, 2003; etc.) there is no agreement on the correct terminology to employ. The current paper corrects this by developing a new scale that is a combination of similar, but previously distinct, variables and concepts. This new scale is comprehensive and based off of an intensive review of the literature.

Cette recherche propose la création d’un premier modèle expliquant les relations entre les communautés virtuelles de consommation, leurs membres et leur écosystème virtuel de marques. À la différence des nombreux travaux sur le marketing tribal, concentrés sur les communautés de marque, l’auteur choisit d’axer son travail sur l’étude des communautés virtuelles non centrées autour d’une marque spécifique, permettant ainsi d’explorer pour la première fois divers cas de relations marque-communauté modulées par différentes variables telles que le niveau de congruence entre les valeurs d’une marque et celles de la communauté, le niveau d’intrusion et le niveau de contribution d’une marque dans la communauté. Outre l’identification de ces variables explicatives de la relation marque-communauté, cette recherche caractérise également l’ensemble des relations possibles entre marques et communautés tout en évaluant leur impact sur la relation individuelle marque-membre. Les résultats de l’étude de deux couples de marques testés dans deux communautés différentes montrent notamment que la recommandation d’une communauté à l’égard d’une marque a un impact positif sur la confiance d’un membre auprès de cette marque et que le dénigrement produit l’effet inverse. En revanche, contrairement à ce qui est observé dans les communautés de marque, le phénomène de co-création entre une marque et une communauté non marquée peut conduire à une érosion de la confiance d’un membre à l’égard de cette marque. La distinction entre communauté de marque et communauté « non marquée » est donc fondamentale dans l’étude de ces nouvelles structures sociétales. / This research explains the creation of a first model of relationships between virtual communities, their members and their brands virtual ecosystem. Unlike the many papers on tribal marketing, converging on brand communities, the author chooses to focus his work on the study of virtual communities not centered on a specific brand, allowing for the first time, the exploration of various cases of community-brand relationships modulated by several variables such as the congruence level between the values of the brand and those of the community, the contribution and the intrusion levels of the brand in the community. Besides the identification of these explanatory variables of the community-brand relationship, this research also describes all the possible relationships between brands and communities while assessing their impact on the individual relationship consumer-brand. The results of the study on two couples of brands tested on two different communities especially show that recommendation of a community about a brand has a positive impact on the member trust in this brand and that the denigration has the opposite effect. However, unlike what we observed in brand communities, the co-creation phenomenon between a brand and an “unbranded community” can lead to an erosion of the member trust in this brand. The distinction between brand community and “unbranded community” is therefore essential for the study of these new societal structures.

The study makes an analysis of Charles Mungoshi's Shona works from a Modernist perspective. In this study, Modernist literature is shown as full of change and adventure that has seen characters failing to catch up with the speed at which their social lives are going. The change is continuos and has resulted in many characters continuously failing to cope, which in turn has resulted in continuous frustrations, here described as despair. The study also shows how the despair is being nurtured in the circumstances of crumbling social institutions which, in the past, had acted as the haven for devastated individuals. The crumbling social institutions are shown to be triggering the despair and the characters are given no room to recuperate. The study makes an analysis of what brings this despair and how in the end, particular individual characters fight to ward off the despair. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

A família pressupõe um reduto de felicidade. Quando se dá a ruptura do afeto, é comum a ocorrência da alienação parental. Esse é um fenômeno que sempre aconteceu, mas recentemente passou a ser objeto de estudo dos doutrinadores, operadores do direito e das pessoas vítimas de tal prática. A alienação parental se verifica quando um dos genitores, em meio a uma disputa, usa os filhos para atingir, desqualificar e/ou se vingar do outro genitor. A prática de atos alienadores surge mais comumente com o fim do relacionamento do casal (pais). Vários juristas, psicólogos e assistentes sociais estão se adaptando ao reconhecimento e identificação desse comportamento que, se efetivamente concretizado, recebe o nome de síndrome da alienação parental. Os profissionais envolvidos com o tema buscam formas de evitar que o filho seja novamente vitimado pelo fim do relacionamento dos pais. Além de estudar a figura novel da alienação parental, buscou-se compreender as previsões contidas na Lei de Alienação Parental de n.º 12.318, sancionada em 26 de agosto de 2010, mostrar que a prática da alienação fere a dignidade da pessoa humana, viola sobremaneira os direitos da personalidade dos filhos e do genitor alienado, em especial, o direito à convivência familiar. Buscou-se também identificar as medidas que podem ser aplicadas para evitar e reprimir alienação parental, especialmente as relacionadas ao planejamento familiar, ao exercício da paternidade responsável, ao uso da guarda compartilhada e ao acompanhamento terapêutico. Por fim buscou-se avaliar as possibilidades de responsabilização do alienador, por meio de tutela inibitória ou ressarcitória. Estudos a respeito do tema começaram nos Estados Unidos, em seguida, na Europa, recentemente no Brasil, todos feitos inicialmente com base nos artigos e escritos de Richard Gardner e Françoise Podevyn. A produção doutrinária e jurisprudencial no Brasil sobre o tema ainda é tímida, sendo também objetivo deste estudo aprofundar a temática e produzir material doutrinário a respeito do assunto. / Family presupposes a stronghold of happiness. When affection ends, parental alienation typically ensues; this is a situation that has always occurred, albeit only recently has it become a matter studied by jurists, law practitioners and victims of such practice. Parental alienation occurs when a parent, amid some dispute, uses his or her children to hit, disqualify and/or take vengeance on the other. Alienating actions are most commonly exercised upon the end of the relationship (parents). Several jurists, psychologists and social workers have adapted to recognizing and identifying this behavior which, if effectively put into practice, is referred to as parental alienation syndrome. Professionals dedicated to studying this issue look for ways to prevent the child from being victimized again by the end of his/her parents failed relationship. In addition to examining the new legal issue of parental alienation, one has sought to understand the provisions set forth by Brazilian Parental Alienation Act No. 12318, sanctioned on August 26th 2010, by demonstrating that alienation violates personal dignity, strongly infringes not only the childrens but also the alienated parents individual rights, not to mention the right to family life. One has also attempted to determine the actions that allow for avoiding and restraining parental alienation, particularly those connected with family planning, joint custody and therapeutic monitoring. Finally, one assessed the likelihood of holding the alienating parent liable, by means of inhibiting or compensatory remedies. Studies on this subject matter started developing in the United States, then in Europe, and only recently in Brazil, and all of them were based on the articles and papers drafted by Richard Gardner and Françoise Podevyn. In Brazil, scholarly writing and case law on this subject has yet to become prolific, wherefor this present study also aims at producing academic material on the matter as well as deepening the analysis thereof.

The study makes an analysis of Charles Mungoshi's Shona works from a Modernist perspective. In this study, Modernist literature is shown as full of change and adventure that has seen characters failing to catch up with the speed at which their social lives are going. The change is continuos and has resulted in many characters continuously failing to cope, which in turn has resulted in continuous frustrations, here described as despair. The study also shows how the despair is being nurtured in the circumstances of crumbling social institutions which, in the past, had acted as the haven for devastated individuals. The crumbling social institutions are shown to be triggering the despair and the characters are given no room to recuperate. The study makes an analysis of what brings this despair and how in the end, particular individual characters fight to ward off the despair. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Les données de la plus récente étude d’incidence québécoise (ÉIQ-2017) révèlent que le dénigrement est la forme la plus commune de mauvais traitement psychologiques (MTP) dans les services de protection de la jeunesse québécois. Il est présent dans 52 % des situations de MTP jugées fondées (Hélie et al., 2017). Malgré son importance, peu de recherches ont porté sur le dénigrement depuis son inclusion dans la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse (LPJ) à titre de motif de compromission. La présente étude porte sur les représentations sociales des intervenantes en protection de la jeunesse en lien avec leur expérience avec les situations de dénigrement. Les objectifs de l’étude visent à explorer les caractéristiques de ces situations ainsi que la façon dont les intervenantes envisagent les interventions auprès des membres de la famille aux prises avec ces difficultés. Les données sont issues d’un projet de recherche panquébécois portant sur les mauvais traitements psychologiques suite à la modification de la LPJ en 2007. L’analyse qualitative du contenu de quatorze entrevues dans lesquelles le dénigrement est identifié montre que les représentations des intervenantes à propos de cette problématique s’articulent essentiellement autour de l’abus verbal. De plus, l’analyse des témoignages permet l’identification de trois profils types associés à autant de dynamiques familiales distinctes. La discussion basée sur les représentations des intervenantes souligne la complexité et la gravité de ces situations qui nécessitent des interventions qui tiennent compte de la globalité des situations familiales. / Statistics from the most recent Quebec Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (2017) reveal that denigration is the most common form of psychological ill-treatment in Quebec’s child protection services. It occurs in 52% of proven cases of psychological maltreatments (Hélie et al., 2017). Despite its importance, few studies have been conducted about denigration since its addition in the Youth Protection Act (YPA) in 2007. This research studies the social representations of Quebec’s child protection workers regarding their experience with situations involving denigration. The main objectives of this research are to explore these situations’ characteristics and the way child care workers tend to intervene with families struggling with denigration issues. The data used in this research is from a broader study, Les mauvais traitements psychologiques envers les enfants québécois, 2007-2010 which was conducted after the most recent additions to the YPA. The qualitative analysis of 18 interviews in which denigration was identified shows that the professionals’ representation of denigration mostly consisted of verbal aggressions when describing this form of maltreatment. Moreover, the participants have outlined three different types of profile associated with as many distinct family dynamics. The discussion based on the child protection workers’ representations highlights the complexity and severity of the situations which require interventions that take into account the entirety of the familial situations they address.