[Truncated abstract] Atopic asthma pathogenesis is driven by the combined effects of airway inflammation generated during responses to viral infections and aeroallergens, and both of these pathways are regulated by dendritic cells (DC) that differentiate locally from monocytic precursors. These DC normally exhibit a sentinel phenotype characterised by active antigen sampling but attenuated presentation capability, which limits the intensity of local expression of adaptive immunity. How this tight control of airway DC functions is normally maintained and why it breaks down in some atopics leading to immunopathological changes in airway tissues, is unknown. In the airway mucosa, DC are intimately associated with airway epithelial cells (AEC), which are a source of a range of both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. A few studies have previously examined the effects of AEC-derived surface-expressed and soluble mediators upon the function of pre-differentiated DC, although there is a dearth of information as to the extent of AEC-conditioning of DC during their generation from incoming monocytic precursors within the airways. Therefore, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that signals from adjacent AEC contribute to regulation of local differentiation of airway mucosal DC, especially in the context of allergic airway disease. A direct co-culture model was developed containing the AEC line 16HBE 14o- as a surrogate for primary AEC, and purified peripheral blood monocytes derived from atopic patients in a GM-CSF/IL-4-enriched cytokine milieu. Cells were cultured for 5 days, at which time the phenotype and functional attributes of the monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) generated in the presence of AEC (AEC-MDDC) were compared to the control MDDC population generated without AEC contact (Ctrl- MDDC). ... In parallel, an attenuation of mRNA boosting for 7 out of 12 selected Th2-asscociated genes as well as IL-13 protein, was observed in AEC-MDDC supplemented cultures compared to ctrl-MDDC supplemented cultures. The data collected in the initial characterisation of the AEC-MDDC in Chapter 3 and further analysis of their gene expression profiles by microarray suggest a number of DC-associated factors could be involved in directing a potential bias against Th2 immunity within the T-cell recall response. These include increased expression of IL- 12 subunit mRNA and the enhanced levels of surface MHC Class II, CD80, ICAM-1 and SLAM. Further to Th1/Th2 modulation, a number of T-regulatory (Treg) genes were differentially expressed in the AEC-MDDC-re-activated CD4+ T-cells, and members of the chemokine and metallothionein families were elevated in the same population. Collectively the results of this study suggest that in the context of the atopic airway microenvironment where there is an abundance of Th2-related mediators, healthy AEC arm locally maturing DC with an arsenal of anti-microbial defences that can be rapidly employed in response to encounter with inhaled pathogens, in particular viruses. In this way, the DC are maintained in an ideal functional phenotype to efficiently mobilise both innate and Th1-polarised adaptive immune defences against infection, whilst achieving tight control of potentially-damaging Th2 immunity to aeroallergens, thus contributing to the maintenance of immunological homeostasis within the respiratory tract.

Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e é considerada a 10º causa de morte dentre doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil. As células dendríticas (DCs) são as mais eficientes na apresentação de antígenos, e sendo de 100 a 1000 vezes mais eficientes que um adjuvante não específico. P10, motivo específico de 15 aminoácidos derivado da gp43 excretada pelo fungo, é reconhecido por linfócitos T, direciona para resposta Th1 e confere proteção no modelo experimental. Nesse sentido, analisamos a capacidade de DCs pulsadas com P10 em ativar uma resposta protetora. In vitro observamos que a proliferação de esplenócitos foi maior quando a reestimução era feira com P10 e DCs juntos. In vivo, camundongos infectados e tratados com DCs pulsadas com P10 apresentaram diminuição da carga fúngica e melhoria do tecido pulmonar, aumento de IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g/IL-12 e diminuição de IL-4/IL-10. Esses resultados evidenciam o potencial das DCs atuando como adjuvante para o P10 em uma vacina para o tratamento e cura da PCM. / Paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In Brazil, it is ranked as the tenth cause of death among the chronic infectious and parasitic diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells, and they are at least 100-1000 times more efficient than a non specific adjuvant. The P10, 15-amino acid peptide motif derived from gp43 secreted by the fungus, is recognized by T cells, induces Th1 response and protects mice in a murine model of the disease. In the present work we analyzed the ability of DCs pulsed with P10 to elicit a protective response. In vitro results showed that a stronger proliferation of the splenocytes was reached when induced by DCs with P10. In vivo, mice infected and treated with DCs pulsed with P10 showed reduce of the fungi burden with less inflamed areas, higher levels of IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g/IL-12 and lower levels of IL-10/IL-4. All that point out the importance of the adjuvant role of DCs when developing a vaccine using P10 for the treatment or cure of PCM.

Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e é considerada a 10º causa de morte dentre doenças infecciosas e parasitárias no Brasil. As células dendríticas (DCs) são as mais eficientes na apresentação de antígenos, e sendo de 100 a 1000 vezes mais eficientes que um adjuvante não específico. P10, motivo específico de 15 aminoácidos derivado da gp43 excretada pelo fungo, é reconhecido por linfócitos T, direciona para resposta Th1 e confere proteção no modelo experimental. Nesse sentido, analisamos a capacidade de DCs pulsadas com P10 em ativar uma resposta protetora. In vitro observamos que a proliferação de esplenócitos foi maior quando a reestimução era feira com P10 e DCs juntos. In vivo, camundongos infectados e tratados com DCs pulsadas com P10 apresentaram diminuição da carga fúngica e melhoria do tecido pulmonar, aumento de IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g/IL-12 e diminuição de IL-4/IL-10. Esses resultados evidenciam o potencial das DCs atuando como adjuvante para o P10 em uma vacina para o tratamento e cura da PCM. / Paracoccidiodomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. In Brazil, it is ranked as the tenth cause of death among the chronic infectious and parasitic diseases. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells, and they are at least 100-1000 times more efficient than a non specific adjuvant. The P10, 15-amino acid peptide motif derived from gp43 secreted by the fungus, is recognized by T cells, induces Th1 response and protects mice in a murine model of the disease. In the present work we analyzed the ability of DCs pulsed with P10 to elicit a protective response. In vitro results showed that a stronger proliferation of the splenocytes was reached when induced by DCs with P10. In vivo, mice infected and treated with DCs pulsed with P10 showed reduce of the fungi burden with less inflamed areas, higher levels of IFN-<font face=\"Symbol\">g/IL-12 and lower levels of IL-10/IL-4. All that point out the importance of the adjuvant role of DCs when developing a vaccine using P10 for the treatment or cure of PCM.

Au cours de ma thèse, j’ai étudié la fonction cytotoxique des cellules dendritiques (DC) de patients cancéreux comparée à celle de sujets sains. Nous avons montré que les DC générées à partir des monocytes du sang périphérique peuvent acquérir des capacités cytotoxiques importantes après activation par des faibles doses de LPS. Le potentiel cytotoxique des DC générées à partir de patients cancéreux est comparable à celui de sujets sains. Nous avons identifié le mécanisme de cytotoxicité qui fait intervenir la production de peroxynitrite. Après avoir tué les cellules tumorales, les DC phagocytent des fragments tumoraux, surexpriment des molécules de costimulation et induisent la prolifération des lymphocytes. Un deuxième axe de recherche au cours de ma thèse a consisté en l’étude des macrophages inflammatoires et de leur implication dans l’athérosclérose. Les macrophages sécrètent la CETP (cholesteryl ester transfert protein), protéine-cible des récepteurs LXR (liver X receptor). Nous avons montré que l’expression de la CETP, en réponse aux agonistes LXR, n’est pas augmentée dans les macrophages inflammatoires. Ceci suggère que les macrophages inflammatoires ne participeraient pas à l’augmentation du pool plasmatique de CETP en cas de traitement par des agonistes LXR. / During my thesis, I studied the cytotoxic function of dendritic cells (DC) from cancer patients and compared it to DC from healthy donors. Our results indicate that human monocyte-derived DC can acquire strong cytotoxic activity toward tumor cells after activation with low dose of LPS. The cytotoxic potential of DC derived from cancer patients was almost the same as the one generated from healthy donors. We identified the tumor cell killing mechanism which involves peroxynitrite release. After killing of cancer cells, DC are capable of engulfing dead tumor cell fragments and overexpress the costimulatory molecules necessary for T cell proliferation. A second study consisted in an analysis of inflammatory macrophages and their significance in atherosclerosis. Macrophages produce CETP (cholesteryl ester transfert protein), a target for LXR (liver X receptor) receptors. Our results show that LXR-mediated induction of CETP expression is lost in inflammatory macrophages. Our study suggests that inflammatory macrophages may not increase the circulating CETP pool on LXR agonist treatment.

Diante da importância das lectinas no sistema imunológico avaliamos o papel da Nattectina, lectina tipo C identificada no veneno de Thalassophryne nattereri, no desenvolvimento das respostas imunes inata e específica. A Nattectina induziu peritonite em camundongos, caracterizada pelo influxo de neutrófilos e macrófagos, acompanhada da liberação de PGE2, LTB4, IL-1<font face=\"symbol\">b, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, IL-10 e IL-12p70. A resposta imune específica induzida pela Nattectina foi caracterizada pela produção de anticorpos específicos IgG, IgG1 e principalmente IgG2a com síntese de IL-10 e IFN-<font face=\"symbol\">g pelas células esplênicas re-estimuladas in vitro. A incubação de células dendríticas imaturas com a Nattectina gerou maturação destas células com aumento da expressão de moléculas MHC classe II, CD40, CD80, CD86 e expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 distribuídas no núcleo e no citoplasma celular, produção das citocinas IL-10 e IL-12p70 e eficiente apresentação antigênica. Concluímos que a Nattectina é capaz de induzir inflamação e resposta imune específica do tipo Th1 mediante a ativação de células dendríticas. / Due to the importance of the lectins in the immunological system we evaluated the role of Nattectin a C-type lectin identified in the venom of Thalassophryne nattereri on development of the innate and specific immune responses. Nattectin induced a significant cellular recruitment into peritoneal cavity of mice, mainly by influx of neutrophils, followed by macrophages, with synthesis of PGE2, LTB4, IL-1<font face=\"symbol\">b, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-12p70. The specific immune response induced by Nattectin was characterized by the production of specific antibodies IgG, IgG1 and mainly IgG2a with IL-10 and IFN-<font face=\"symbol\">g synthesis by splenic cells. Incubation of immature dendritic cells with Nattectin resulted in maturation with up-regulation of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, and expression of MMP-2 e MMP-9 distributed in nucleus and cytoplasm. Mature dendritic cells produced and release IL-10 and IL-12p70 and present the antigen efficiently. We concluded that Nattectin is able to induce inflammation and Th1 specific immune response through the activation of dendritic cells.

O desencadeamento da asma está sob influência do sistema imunológico onde a sensibilização ao antígeno, seu processamento e geração de anticorpos norteiam o desenvolvimento da resposta alérgica. Nesse contexto, as moléculas do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade e as moléculas co-estimuladoras da superfície de células apresentadoras de antígeno ocupam lugar de destaque. Estudos dos hormônios sexuais femininos (HSF) sobre a qualidade/ função das células dendríticas (DCs) no processo de sensibilização ainda não foram explorados. Neste estudo, analisamos, em modelo murino de asma, a participação dos HSF na maturação das DCs. Avaliamos a expressão de moléculas co-estimuladoras (CD40, CD80, CD86) em DCs (CD11c+) de camundongos fêmeas alérgicas, nas quais os ovários foram removidos 7 dias antes da sensibilização. Os dados obtidos indicaram que os HSF podem mediar a apresentação de antígeno ao modular a população de células dendríticas bem como suas moléculas co-estimuladoras, podendo interferir no desenvolvimento da resposta imune adquirida. / The trigger and the maintenance of asthma are influenced by immune system and its sensibilization. Antigen processing and antibody generation implicate on the allergic response development observed in asthmatic subjects. Results obtained in our laboratory showed that the female sex hormones oscillation during sexual cycle influences on the worsening of asthma. In this study, we analysed the participation of female sex hormones (FSH) on dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and consequently antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation during pulmonary inflammation. Furthmore, we studied immunorregulatory aspects and co-stimulatory molecules expression in allergic mice DCs (DC11c+), in wich ovaries were removed 7 days before allergen sensitization. The results obtained indicate that the FSH can modulate the antigen presentation by reducing DCs expression of costimulatory molecules. Altogether, our data contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms envolving the regulation of immune response through interaction with FSH.

O desencadeamento da asma está sob influência do sistema imunológico onde a sensibilização ao antígeno, seu processamento e geração de anticorpos norteiam o desenvolvimento da resposta alérgica. Nesse contexto, as moléculas do complexo principal de histocompatibilidade e as moléculas co-estimuladoras da superfície de células apresentadoras de antígeno ocupam lugar de destaque. Estudos dos hormônios sexuais femininos (HSF) sobre a qualidade/ função das células dendríticas (DCs) no processo de sensibilização ainda não foram explorados. Neste estudo, analisamos, em modelo murino de asma, a participação dos HSF na maturação das DCs. Avaliamos a expressão de moléculas co-estimuladoras (CD40, CD80, CD86) em DCs (CD11c+) de camundongos fêmeas alérgicas, nas quais os ovários foram removidos 7 dias antes da sensibilização. Os dados obtidos indicaram que os HSF podem mediar a apresentação de antígeno ao modular a população de células dendríticas bem como suas moléculas co-estimuladoras, podendo interferir no desenvolvimento da resposta imune adquirida. / The trigger and the maintenance of asthma are influenced by immune system and its sensibilization. Antigen processing and antibody generation implicate on the allergic response development observed in asthmatic subjects. Results obtained in our laboratory showed that the female sex hormones oscillation during sexual cycle influences on the worsening of asthma. In this study, we analysed the participation of female sex hormones (FSH) on dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and consequently antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation during pulmonary inflammation. Furthmore, we studied immunorregulatory aspects and co-stimulatory molecules expression in allergic mice DCs (DC11c+), in wich ovaries were removed 7 days before allergen sensitization. The results obtained indicate that the FSH can modulate the antigen presentation by reducing DCs expression of costimulatory molecules. Altogether, our data contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms envolving the regulation of immune response through interaction with FSH.

Diante da importância das lectinas no sistema imunológico avaliamos o papel da Nattectina, lectina tipo C identificada no veneno de Thalassophryne nattereri, no desenvolvimento das respostas imunes inata e específica. A Nattectina induziu peritonite em camundongos, caracterizada pelo influxo de neutrófilos e macrófagos, acompanhada da liberação de PGE2, LTB4, IL-1<font face=\"symbol\">b, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, IL-10 e IL-12p70. A resposta imune específica induzida pela Nattectina foi caracterizada pela produção de anticorpos específicos IgG, IgG1 e principalmente IgG2a com síntese de IL-10 e IFN-<font face=\"symbol\">g pelas células esplênicas re-estimuladas in vitro. A incubação de células dendríticas imaturas com a Nattectina gerou maturação destas células com aumento da expressão de moléculas MHC classe II, CD40, CD80, CD86 e expressão de MMP-2 e MMP-9 distribuídas no núcleo e no citoplasma celular, produção das citocinas IL-10 e IL-12p70 e eficiente apresentação antigênica. Concluímos que a Nattectina é capaz de induzir inflamação e resposta imune específica do tipo Th1 mediante a ativação de células dendríticas. / Due to the importance of the lectins in the immunological system we evaluated the role of Nattectin a C-type lectin identified in the venom of Thalassophryne nattereri on development of the innate and specific immune responses. Nattectin induced a significant cellular recruitment into peritoneal cavity of mice, mainly by influx of neutrophils, followed by macrophages, with synthesis of PGE2, LTB4, IL-1<font face=\"symbol\">b, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, IL-10, and IL-12p70. The specific immune response induced by Nattectin was characterized by the production of specific antibodies IgG, IgG1 and mainly IgG2a with IL-10 and IFN-<font face=\"symbol\">g synthesis by splenic cells. Incubation of immature dendritic cells with Nattectin resulted in maturation with up-regulation of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, and expression of MMP-2 e MMP-9 distributed in nucleus and cytoplasm. Mature dendritic cells produced and release IL-10 and IL-12p70 and present the antigen efficiently. We concluded that Nattectin is able to induce inflammation and Th1 specific immune response through the activation of dendritic cells.

Mais de 2 bilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo encontram-se infectadas com Toxoplasma gondii. Na região endêmica de Erechim, RS, cerca de 90% da população é soropositiva e cerca de 18% destes indivíduos apresentam lesões oculares com manifestações clínicas. A estrutura genética das populações do T. gondii tem sido bastante investigada, a despeito da infecção ter se espalhado pelo mundo, do grande número de hospedeiros intermediários e da capacidade do parasita de se reproduzir sexualmente. Linhagens de T. gondii com atípica ou nova combinação de alelos têm sido isoladas de animais não domésticos ou em outros continentes, como América do Sul e África, e de pacientes com apresentações clínicas incomuns. Em modelos murinos, as linhagens com o genótipo tipo I são altamente virulentas, em contraste às cepas tipo II e tipo III que são menos virulentas. Este trabalho propõe a caracterização fenotípica da resposta imune do hospedeiro frente a infecção por diferentes cepas de T. gondii, bem como o isolamento e a caracterização genotípica das linhagens de T. gondii que infectam indivíduos de Erechim no Rio Grande do Sul. Para a caracterização fenotípica utilizamos duas cepas de T. gondii já bem estabelecidas, a cepa RH (tipo I) e a ME49 (tipo II), e uma cepa isolada a partir de gatos domésticos do Brasil, chamada TgCatBr71. Sendo assim, através da fenotipagem das células dendríticas de camundongos C57Bl/6 infectados com as cepas citadas, foi possível observar que essas cepas induzem expressão das moléculas de superfície CD40, CD80, CD86 e MHC classe II em DCs CD11c+, porém sem significativa diferença entre as cepas. Com relação as células CD4+ e células CD8+, observamos o aumento das células CD8+ no decorrer da infecção pelas cepas RH e ME49, indicando a importância deste tipo celular na resposta protetora contra T. gondii. Avaliamos também a produção de citocinas IL-12, IFN-g e IL-10 em células esplênicas de camundongos infectados pelas três cepas no decorrer da infecção e detectamos que camundongos infectados pela cepa tipo II (ME49) apresentam síntese maior dessas citocinas do que camundongos infectados pela cepa tipo I (RH) e pela cepa TgCatBr71. Assim, concluímos que esta cepa TgCatBr71 se assemelha bastante a cepa do tipo I (RH), tanto em relação a evolução da doença no camundongos como nos padrões da resposta imune do hospedeiro. E que apesar dessas duas cepas diferirem da cepa tipo II (ME49), resultando em graus diferentes de patologia em camundongos C57Bl/6, todas a três cepas parecem produzir semelhante resposta imune protetora do hospedeiro. / More than 2 billion people are infected with Toxoplasma gondii around the world. In the endemic region of Erechim, RS, Brazil, about 90% of the population is soropositive and about 18% of these individuals have ocular lesions with clinical manifestations. The genetic structure of strains of T. gondii has been investigated, despite the infection has spread throughout the world, the large number of intermediate hosts and the ability to reproduce sexually. Strains of T. gondii with atypical or new combination of alleles have been isolated from wild animals and other continents, such as South America and Africa, and also from patients with unusual clinical presentations. In murine models, the type I genetic lineage are highly virulent, in contrast to strains type II and type III.Our work proposes the phenotypic characterization of the host immune response against the infection by different strains of T. gondii, and the isolation and genetic strains characterization of T. gondii that infect individuals of Erechim in RS, Brazil. In the phenotypic characterization were used two strains of T. gondii already well established, the strain RH (type I) and ME49 (type II), and a strain isolated from domestic cats from Brazil, called TgCatBr71 (type BrI). Thus, by phenotyping dendritic cells of C57BL/ 6 mice infected with the strains mentioned, we observed that these strains upregulated the expression of surface molecules such as CD40, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II in DC CD11c+ although with no significant difference between the strains. With respect to the CD4+ and CD8+ cells, the observed increase in CD8+ T cells during the infection by strains RH and ME49, indicating the importance of this cell type in the protective response against T. gondii. We also evaluated the production of cytokines IL-12, IFN-g and IL-10 from spleen cells and found that mice infected by the strain type II (ME49) have increased synthesis of these cytokines than mice infected by the strain type I (RH) and the strain type BrI (TgCatBr71). Thus, we concluded that type BrI (TgCatBr71) strain is similar to type I (RH) strain, both for the evolution of the disease and also concerning the immunological parameters evaluated. Besides, despite these two strains differ from the strain type II (ME49), resulting in different degrees of pathology in mice C57BL / 6, all three strains seem to produce similar protective immune response of the host.

Chaque cadre doit contenir un résumé de 1700 caractères maximum, espaces compris. En cas de dépassement, la coupure sera automatique. Le doctorant adresse son texte sous forme électronique selon les recommandations de la bibliothèqueLes "Liver X receptors " (LXR) sont des récepteurs nucléaires impliqués dans Phoméostasie du cholestérol. Dans les macrophages, la stimulation de la voie LXR accroît la clairance des corps apoptotiques et réprime la réponse inflammatoire. Les LXR inhibent également la prolifération et la survie de cellules malignes.L'activation des LXR dans les cellules dendritiques plasmocytoïdes (PDG) augmentent la clairance des microparticules (MP), via l'induction du récepteur au phosphatidylsérines BAIL L'internalisation des MP active la voie NF-KB ou la voie LXR pour des MP dérivées respectivement, de cellules endothéliales (EMP) ou plaquettaires (PMP). Ces deux voies de signalisation se réprimaient mutuellement, déterminant la réponse inflammatoire des PDG.La contrepartie leucémique des PDC (LPDC) est à l'origine d'une leucémie aiguë agressive, la BPDCN. Nous avons observé une dérégulation de Phoméostasie du cholestérol dans ces cellules. L'activation de la voie LXR entraine un efflux du cholestérol associé à un effet cytotoxique et antiprolifératif. Ils peuvent impliquer : la répression de NF-KB ; ainsi que l'inhibition de la signalisation induite par le facteur de survie IL-3 (incluant STAT5 et Akt). L'utilisation d'un modèle xénogénique murin de BPDCN traitée par agoniste LXR montre une diminution de la cytopénie induite par les LPDC et des infiltrats spléniques et médullaires.Ces travaux démontrent la fonctionnalité de la voie LXR dans les PDC et LPDC, ainsi qu'une régulation croisée avec NF-KB. L'activation de cette voie a démontré son implication dans la clairance des MP et la régulation de la réponse inflammatoire des PDC, ainsi qu'un effet anti-leucémique sur les LPDC. / Nuclear Liver X Receptors (LXR) are involved in cholesterol homeostasis. In macrophages, LXR promote apoptotic body/cell clearance and repress inflammatory responses. LXR are also shown to inhibit proliferation and survival of malignant cells.In plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), LXR stimulation increases microparticle (MP) engulfment via the increased expression of the PS receptor, BAIL MP engulfment induced NF-icB or LXR activation, depending on the endothelial (EMP) or platelet (PMP) origin of MP, respectively. Overall, we show a crosstalk involving LXR and NF-KB, which dictates the inflammatory fate of PDC engulfing MP.The leukemic PDC counterpart (LPDC) is responsible of an aggressive hematologic malignancy, called blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). In contrast to healthy PDC and other acute leukemias (including lymphoid and myeloid acute leukemias), we report here a specific downregulation of cholesterol homeostasis-related genes in LPDC. LXR pathway activation increases cholesterol efflux and inhibits cell proliferation and survival. This may involve: inhibition of NF-KB signaling pathway and of signaling pathways induced by the survival factor IL-3 (involving Akt and STAT5). Using a xenogeneic mouse model of BPDCN, LXR agonist treatment reduces BPDCN-induced cytopenia as well as bone marrow and spleen LPDC infiltration.Overall, we demonstrate that LXR receptors are functional in PDC and LPDC and are involved in a cross-regulation mechanism with NF-KB. LXR receptors promote MP clearance and control inflammatory responses in PDC, as well as exert an anti-leukemic therapeutic effect in BPDCN via several mechanisms, including cholesterol efflux.