O presente trabalho tem por escopo o estudo do princípio do respeito à autonomia do paciente à luz das recentes alterações trazidas pelo novo CEM Resolução do Conselho Federal de Medicina nº 1.931, de 17 de setembro de 2009 , que prestigia a autonomia do paciente e propõe um novo formato para a relação médico-paciente, impondo novas posturas tanto ao médico como ao paciente, e privilegia sua autodeterminação, ao mesmo tempo em que o obriga à tomada de decisões e à assunção de responsabilidade compartilhada quanto ao processo terapêutico. O objeto do estudo é a nova relação médico-paciente sob o enfoque da autonomia do último, ressaltando-se a responsabilidade compartilhada com o médico em relação à tomada de decisões atinentes ao processo terapêutico, às escolhas terapêuticas, bem como os limites e o conteúdo do poder de decidir e sua autonomia diante da enfermidade e da terminalidade da vida. Nesta hipótese, a reflexão concentra-se nos cuidados paliativos e na adoção de diretivas prévias estatuídas pelo paciente a serem observadas pelo médico e por eventual terceiro responsável por aquele, caso ele não possa manifestar sua vontade durante cuidados paliativos ou situações que revelem iminente terminalidade. / This proposal aims to study the principle of respect for patient autonomy in light of recent changes introduced by the new CEM Resolution of the Federal Medical Council nº 1931 of September 17, 2009 which honors the patients autonomy and proposes a new format for the doctor-patient relationship, imposing new attitudes to both the patient and physician, emphasizes self-determination and, at the same time that forces decision making and the assumption of shared responsibility as to the therapeutic process. The object of the study is the new doctor-patient relationship from the perspective of this autonomy, emphasizing shared responsibility with the physician regarding decisions pertaining to the therapeutic process, the therapeutic choices, and the limits of power and content and their autonomy to decide on the terminally ill and life. In this case, reflection focuses on palliative care and the adoption of policies laid by the previous patient to be seen by the doctor and by any third party responsible for that, if he can not express his desire for palliative care or situations that reveal impending finality.

O presente trabalho construiu-se a partir dos novos paradigmas que permeiam a relação médico-paciente. Se o profissional não mais se encontra em uma posição de superioridade (ao menos do ponto de vista fático) em face de seu paciente, que por sua vez está mais sensível em virtude das transformações oriundas da sociedade de massa, o elemento informação ganhou contornos importantíssimos, inserindo-se no núcleo principal da prestação, ao lado dos cuidados relativos à saúde propriamente ditos. Nesse contexto, foi proposta uma nova visão do dever de informar na relação médico-paciente, tratando a informação como uma obrigação autônoma, que gera de per se em caso de ausência ou vício responsabilização civil. A reparação, em tal perspectiva, surge a partir da violação do direito à liberdade: se a autodeterminação é um atributo da personalidade do paciente, a afronta a esse direito acarreta danos indenizáveis. Os limites do dever de informar, assim, desempenham relevante papel, pois demarcam a tênue linha que distingue a informação viciada (que ensejará responsabilização civil) daquela transmitida diligentemente. Assim, o conteúdo e a extensão da informação foram abordados, confrontando-se aspectos subjetivos, objetivos e buscando uma solução ao mesmo tempo viável (do ponto de vista prático), jurídica e justa. Como o trabalho trata essencialmente do dever de informar na relação médico-paciente e das consequências jurídicas derivadas do inadimplemento dessa obrigação, foram destrinchados todos os elementos que compõem esse complexo vínculo, passando por sua evolução histórica, pelos princípios, valores e direitos que permeiam e iluminam esta relação e, finalmente, pelos sujeitos que a compõem. Aspectos processuais atinentes à prova do cumprimento do dever de informação foram, ainda, examinados. Diversas questões polêmicas, tais como recusa de tratamento, direito a não saber, privilégio terapêutico, dentre outros, foram também debatidos. / This study is based on the new paradigms that permeate the doctor-patient relationship. If the medical professional no longer holds a superior position (at least from the factual point of view) vis a vis the patient who, on the other hand, is more aware to changes originating from doctor-patient relationship in the mass society, information availability has gained highly important contours, inserting itself into the core of services rendered, together with health care services themselves. In this context, this study proposes a new vision of the duty to inform in a doctor-patient relationship, treating information as an autonomous obligation, that, per se, results in liability in the case of its absence or flaws. The compensation, in such perspective, arises from breach of the right to autonomous choice: if self-determination is a characteristic of the patients personality, the disrespect of this right results in damages subject to indemnification. Therefore, the limits of the duty to inform perform a relevant role since they demarcate the fine line that distinguishes flawed information (that can incur liabilities) from that transmitted diligently. Thus, the contents and the extension of the information were addressed, comparing subjective and objective aspects and seeking a solution at the same time viable (from the practical viewpoint), legal and just. Since this study essentially deals with the duty to inform in the doctorpatient relationship and of the legal consequences derived from noncompliance of this duty, all factors that compose this complex link were carefully examined, reviewing its historical evolution, the principles, values and rights that permeate and elucidate this relationship and, finally, the parties involved. Legal evidential procedures related to fulfillment of the duty to inform were also examined. Various controversial topics such as the refusal to undergo treatment, the right to not be informed, therapeutic privilege, among others, were also discussed.

Objetivos: verificar se indivíduos que acessam a Internet a utilizam para consultar informações sobre saúde e doenças; se o paciente, acessando a Internet muda sua atitude de paciente e se verifica mais ativo e mais participante do processo de decisão sobre sua saúde; e se, do ponto de vista do paciente, houve mudança na atitude do profissional médico frente ao maior uso da Internet por parte desse paciente. Metodologia: pesquisa com abordagem qualiquantitativa. A técnica empregada foi a do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo – DSC, que possibilita a identificação e a construção de sujeitos e discursos coletivos distintos, por meio da análise de material individual e da extração das idéias centrais, compondo-se, com o conteúdo das idéias centrais semelhantes, discursos-síntese que expressam as representações sociais de uma coletividade. Para a coleta de dados foi publicado na Internet um questionário on-line que ficou disponível por três meses. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados acessa a Internet com freqüência de pelo menos uma vez por semana, a utiliza para consultar informações sobre saúde e doenças, informações relacionadas a casos vivenciados por eles ou por aqueles que os afetam diretamente (familiares) e, após alguma consulta médica, para verificar, entender ou complementar as informações oferecidas por seus médicos. Parte significativa dos entrevistados considera que as informações acessadas na Internet sobre saúde e doenças são úteis, utiliza tais informações para conversar com seus médicos em consultas posteriores e demonstra mudança de atitude, para uma postura mais participativa no processo de decisão sobre sua saúde. Conclusão: identificou-se uma diversidade de discursos coletivos distintos que, analisados e organizados em tipos e escalas, auxiliam na compreensão de questões tais como o tipo de participação do paciente durante a consulta médica, o grau de autonomia do paciente, os tipos de interação entre médico e paciente e os tipos de reações produzidas pelos profissionais médicos durante tal processo. / This research aims to verify whether individuals who have access the Internet use it to consult information on health and diseases; whether accessing the Internet changes the attitude of the patient and whether he becomes more active and more participant in the decision process about his health; and whether from the standpoint of the patient there were changes in the attitude of the medical professional as a consequence of the more intense use of the Internet by this patient. Procedure: research with quali-quantitative approach. The employed technique was the Speech of Collective Citizen - DSC, which allows the identification and construction of distinctive citizens and collective speeches through the analysis of individual material and the extration of the main ideas, composing, with the content of similar central ideas, speech-synthesis which express the social representations of a collective. For the data collection an on-line inquiry was published in the Internet and it was available for three months. Results: most of the interviewed individuals had frequent access to the Internet at least once a week, use it to consult information about health, diseases and information regarding medical cases experienced by them or by other people who affect them directly (relatives), and after some medical consultation, to verify, to understand or to complement the information offered by their doctors. A significant part of the interviewed ones consider that the information accessed in the Internet about health and diseases is useful, use such information to talk to their doctors in subsequent consultations and manifest an attitude change towards a participating position in the decision process about their own health. Conclusion: there is a diversity of distinctive collective speeches that, analyzed and organized in types and scales, assist in the understanding of questions such as the type of participation of the patient during the medical consultation, the degree of autonomy of the patient, the types of interaction between doctor and patient and the types of reactions produced for the medical professionals during such process.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes and treatment knowledge of medical student professionals regarding rape victims. In addition to generating normative data for a population which, as a function of their vocation may come in contact with victims, comparisons were made between a sample of those beginning their medical education process and those at the end of training in order to measure change in treatment knowledge and attitudes towards rape victims which occur during medical school. Also investigated were differences which exist in the attitude and treatment knowledge measures for rape victims compared to other emergency room patient populations, and the effect of gender of the physician upon those measures. A final element investigated the physicians' perceptions of a "real" rape as it relates to those measures.

En autorisant tout médecin à prescrire du Subutex, la législation française désigne les généralistes comme acteurs essentiels d’une politique publique liée aux drogues : la dispensation de traitements de substitution aux opiacés (TSO). Cette thèse vise à comprendre comment la médecine générale compose avec cette prérogative. L’appropriation des TSO par les généralistes se décline à un niveau collectif – à quelles conditions cette mission peut-elle être assumée par ce groupe professionnel ? –, et sur le plan interactionnel – comment une personne dépendante devient-elle le patient d’un généraliste ? La question de l’appropriation d’une politique publique rejoint donc celle de l’acquisition du statut de "patients" pour des individus socialement stigmatisés, relevant parallèlement d’une politique pénale. Ce travail, fondé sur des entretiens et observations de consultations, montre que les généralistes s’approprient les TSO au moyen d’un processus de tri des patients et des tâches accomplies. Loin de manifester un refus de mettre en œuvre la politique substitutive, le tri vise à la rendre compatible avec les valeurs et modes d’organisation propres à la médecine générale. Cependant, les critères de sélection produisent des inégalités d’accès aux traitements : tous les "toxicomanes" ne deviennent pas des patients dans les mêmes conditions. L’ethnographie des consultations suggère que le statut de patient s’acquiert au cours de la construction d'une relation où la prescription devient progressivement routinière. Cette thèse invite à confronter plusieurs échelles d’analyse, en envisageant la mise en œuvre d’une politique de santé au prisme des interactions médecin-patient. / French legislation allows any physician to prescribe Subutex. Consequently, general practitioners are key actors of a public policy related to drug use: providing opiate substitution treatments (OST). This thesis aims to understand how general practice copes with this prerogative. Appropriation of OST by general practitioners comes at a collective level – how can this mission be assumed by this professional group? –, and also at an interactional level – how does an opiate addicted person become the patient of a general practitioner? The issue of appropriating a public policy is related to that of acquisition of patient status for socially stigmatized persons, who are, at the same time, the subjects of a penal policy. Our qualitative study (interviews and observations) shows that general practitioners appropriate OST by a sorting process. Sorting is a heuristic notion to describe practitioners’ adaptations with extension of their prerogatives by public policies: they don’t refuse to implement the substitution policy. On the contrary, they try to make it compatible with their values and their professional daily organization. However, selection criteria produce inequalities in access to treatments: every addict doesn’t become a patient in the same conditions. Consultations ethnography suggests that the patient status can be acquired while building a relationship with the doctor, in which the prescription is gradually becoming routine. This thesis invites to confront multiple scales and levels of analysis, by studying the implementation of a health policy through the prism of doctor-patient relationship.

This study explored the relationship between patients' Health Locus of Control and their perceptions about the nature of their physician-patient relationship. The Locus of Control Scale and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale were implemented to measure the degree of personal control individuals attribute to their health. The Health Care Climate Questionnaire was used to measure the perceived physician support. The predicted result of the study was that patients who exhibit a higher degree of internal health locus of control would report better relationships with their physicians. This hypothesis was confirmed; there was a positive relationship between Internal health Locus of Control and the Health Care Climate questionnaire. Also, a significant relationship between the Powerful Others subscale of the health Locus of Control and perceived physician support was established.

No description available.

La médecine connaît actuellement en France une crise de ses repères et de ses valeurs conséquente aux bouleversements scientifiques, techniques et sociologiques qu'elle a connue au cours du XXe siècle. Cette thèse vise à explorer les tenants et les aboutissants de cette situation, à partir d'une étude historique et philosophique de l'émergence et du développement de la médecine française moderne puis contemporaine, entendue à la fois comme profession, discoursscientifique et pratique sociale. De la formation du corps médical à l'apparition d'un discours autonome des usagers de santé, nous défendons l'idée selon laquelle la genèse et l'évolution du discours médical, depuis le XVIIIe siècle jusqu'à nos jours, repose sur sa capacité à répondre à la question fondatrice des possibilités d'objectivation scientifique et technique de la subjectivité humaine. Ce problème, originairement épistémologique, se révèle au cours de notre généalogie de nature tant philosophique qu'éthique et sociopolitique, nous conduisant finalement àrechercher les outils de problématisation de la crise contemporaine au fondement de la relation médicale moderne. L'étude de la correspondance du médecin des Lumières Samuel-Auguste Tissot (1728-1797) nous offre finalement un contre-point essentiel pour préciser les conditions de possibilités d'une médecine, que nous souhaitons pour le XXIe siècle, et au sein de laquelle est assuré le respect de l'autonomie et de l'identité propres à l'ensemble des sujets, qu'ils soient soignés ou soignants. / Medicine in France is currently undergoing a crisis, with respect to its establishedreferences and values, as a result of the major technical, sociological and scientific changes undergone in the twentieth century. This thesis aims to explore the ins and outs of this crisis through an historical and philosophical study of the emergence and development of modern and contemporary French medicine as a profession, scientific discourse and social practice. From the forming of the medical body to the emergence of an autonomous non-professional discourse, wedefend the idea following which the genesis and evolution of medical discourse, from the eighteenth century to the present day, rests on its ability to answer the foundational problem of the possibility a scientific and technical objectivation of the human subjectivity. Originally of an epistemological nature, this problem reveals itself, through our genealogy, to be rather of a philosophical, ethical and sociopolitical nature, which leads us to conceive a frame of reference by means of which to better understand the contemporary crisis underlying the modern doctorpatient relation. Finally, a case study of the correspondence of Enlightenment's medical doctor Samuel-Auguste Tissot (1728-1797) offers an essential viewpoint from which to reflect on the possibility and conditions of a medical epistemology that ensures the respect of the autonomy andidentity of all subjects, patients and practitioners alike.

Ziel: Die beiden primären Ziele der Diabetes-Therapie sind eine möglichst optimale Einstellung des Blutzuckers sowie der Erhalt einer vergleichsweise guten Lebensqualität. Für beide Therapieziele konnte eine Vielzahl somatischer und psychischer Determinanten identifiziert werden. Relativ wenig Beachtung fand in diesem Kontext jedoch bislang die Bedeutung der therapeutischen Beziehung. Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht, inwieweit ein unmittelbarer Zusam-menhang zwischen der Behandlungszufriedenheit der PatientInnen und den beiden anvisierten Therapiezielen besteht. Methodik: 650 PatientInnen (475 Insulin-behandelt, 171 nicht Insulin-behandelt) aus einer universitären Poliklinik, 3 Schwerpunktpraxen und 28 hausärztlichen Einrichtungen wurden befragt. Zur Erfassung der therapeutischen Beziehung wurde die Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS) verwendet, die Lebensqualität wurde mit dem WHOQOL-BREF gemessen und die Beurteilung der Blutzuckereinstellung erfolgte durch HbA1c-Werte. Die Darstellung der Ergebnisse erfolgte getrennt für mit und ohne Insulin behandelte PatientInnen. Ergebnisse: Für keines der beiden Subkollektive konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen therapeutischer Beziehung und Blutzuckerkontrolle gefunden werden. Hingegen zeigte sich für beide Therapiegruppen eine signifikante Beziehung zu verschiedenen Aspekten der subjektiv wahrgenommenen Lebensqualität. Schlussfolgerungen: Unterschiede in der Blutzuckereinstellung waren mit der gewählten Methodik sowie dem verwendeten Konstrukt (Behandlungszufriedenheit) in dieser naturalistischen Studie nicht aufzuzeigen und ein Einbeziehen weiterer Dimensionen der therapeutischen Beziehung, insbesondere der ärztlichen Perspektive und der jeweiligen Interaktion, erscheint für weitere Untersuchungen wünschenswert. Auch wenn die signifikanten Ergebnisse in der Interaktion mit Lebensqualität z.T. als gemeinsame Kovarianz zu verschiedenen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen interpretiert werden können, ergeben sich deutliche Hinweise, dass die therapeutische Beziehung ein Einflussfaktor der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität ist. / Objective: The primary goals in treating Diabetes are maintaining blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible and making a relatively normal quality of life achievable. A multitude of somatic and psychological determinants for both of these goals could be identified. However, relatively little consideration in this context was given to the importance of the doctor-patient-relationship. This study examines, whether a direct relationship between treatment satisfaction and the primary treatment goals exists. Methods: 650 patients (475 insulin-treated, 171 not insulin-treated) from one universitary outpatient centre, 3 specialized treatment facilities and 28 general practitioners were asked. The doctor-patient-relationship was assessed using the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS), health-related quality of life was measured by the WHOQOL-Bref and metabolic control by HbA1c values. Results are presented separately for patients treated with and without insulin. Results: For none of the two subgroups a relationship between doctor-patient-relationship and metabolic control was detected. However, significant interactions were found for both collectives regarding different aspects of quality of life. Conclusions: Differences in metabolic control could not be shown using the chosen methods and the construct treatment satisfaction under routine conditions and further dimensions of the doctor-patient-relationship as the physician's perspective and interactional aspects are likely to be included in future studies. Even while the significant results concerning the interaction with quality of life can be interpreted as a common covariance regarding various personality dispositions there are clear indications that the doctor-patient-relationship is a determinant of health-related quality of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Maria Rodrigues Alves Kuninari.pdf: 417495 bytes, checksum: 65973ea976a576fe0053d8f3a0602375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-27 / The present work aims to reflect on the doctor-patient interaction based on the analysis of the fictional text Domingo a Tarde, a novel by Fernando Namora, written from October 1959 and October 1960. Its action is passed at a public hospital of Lisbon. The purpose of this study is to verify how the utterances multivocal character is esthetically constituted through the narrator's verbal communication with himself, with his friends and with a specific patient, in situations that happen in several spaces and in different times, in the narrative context of the romance. The research is justified because the analyzed work, presenting a graphic literary reconstitution of the doctor-patient interaction, makes available some of the main aspects of this interaction, one to which we can only have access as doctor and/or patient, for the contract implied there in is a private one which no researcher can violate, neither directly nor by means of questionaries interviews and so on. The methodology consisted on the chapters' organization from the perspective of the relation between text and context, from the point of view of dialogical relations: the narrator's memory, the comment that reviews his past, the self-criticism, the metaspeech, from the one hand, and the plot itself, the history, from the other. As analytical category, the work uses reported speech, according to Bakhtin and his Circle: trought the narrator's voice, other voices are recovered through direct, indirect and free indirect speechs. One can perceive that the literary text that constitutes the corpus of the research can be understood as an esthetic representation of social dissymmetries in the doctorpatient interaction (in the social-cultural context and in the historical moment of Domingo à Tarde). Besides, in the literary language of this novel one sees represented the transformation of the professional's posture that humanizes herself - and suffers due to her incapacity of saving and/or to cure incurable sick people -, when evaluating the "other" be the "other" the doctor-narrator himself, that recognizes and identifies in and by the "others" glance, or the other doctors, the patient, the friends, or patients in general / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de refletir sobre a interação médico-paciente, a partir da análise do texto ficcional Domingo à tarde, romance de Fernando Namora, escrito entre outubro de 1959 e outubro de 1960, e ambientado em um hospital público de Lisboa. A finalidade deste estudo é verificar como vai se constituindo, esteticamente, o caráter multivocal dos enunciados, por meio da comunicação linguageira do narrador consigo mesmo, com seus colegas, e com uma paciente específica, em situações que ocorrem em vários espaços e em diferentes tempos, no contexto narrativo daquele romance. A pesquisa se justifica, porque a obra examinada, ao apresentar uma vívida reconstituição literária da complexidade da interação médicopaciente, torna acessíveis alguns importantes aspectos dessa interação a que não se pode ter acesso direto exceto na condição de paciente e/ou médico - dada a natureza sigilosa do contrato entre os participantes, que exclui a presença de um pesquisador, seja diretamente ou na forma de, por exemplo, questionários, entrevistas, etc. A metodologia consistiu na leitura do livro e para a análise mantivemos a sub-divisão em capítulos, utilizada por Namora, de modo a se estabelecer a relação texto/contexto, sob a perspectiva de relações dialógicas: a memória do narrador, o comentário que retoma o seu passado, a autocrítica, o metadiscurso, de um lado, e a própria trama, a história, de outro. Como categoria de análise, foi usado o conceito teórico de discurso relatado, segundo Bakhtin e seu Círculo: pela voz do narrador, outras vozes são recuperadas por meio de discurso direto, discurso indireto e discurso indireto livre. O comentário final é que o texto literário - corpus desta pesquisa, pode ser entendido como representação estética de dessimetrias sociais na interação médico-paciente (no contexto sócio-cultural e no momento histórico de Domingo à tarde). Além disso, na linguagem literária deste romance está representada a transformação de postura do profissional que se humaniza - e sofre por sua incapacidade de salvar e/ou curar, doentes incuráveis -, ao valorizar o outro (seja o outro o próprio médico-narrador, que se reconhece e se identifica no e pelo olhar do outro ; sejam os outros os médicos, a paciente, a colega, ou os doentes)