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A respeito dos mortos: remanescentes humanos do Max e suas implicações éticasAlmeida, Thaís Vaz Sampaio de 24 August 2018 (has links)
Human bone remnants have always aroused a great deal of interest from the academic community and the community at large, above all by the possibility of access to the information inherent to the already extinct populations. Such information brings great enrichment to several areas of knowledge, especially Archeology, since they allow the systematic study of biological, social and cultural factors, among other aspects of these human groups. However, for the most part, this type of vestige is still regarded as a mere object in the service of science. This dissertation seeks to explore this theme, presenting ethical reflections in the proceeding with osteological collections of archaeological origin and brings our attention to the proposed case study: the collection of burials from the Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó, Canindé de São Francisco, SE. In addition to the ethical analysis that permeates the treatment of these traces, we propose a new approach for a sample of this collection, composed of 88 individuals buried that were under surveillance of the Bioarchaeology Laboratory of the Federal University of Sergipe, in Laranjeiras, always seeking to arouse respect for the individuals worked and guided by the notions of conservation and documentation inherent in the area of Museology, the work throws new glances for the conditions of these collections and proposes an interdisciplinarity between this and Archeology. Such interaction will bring great benefits in respect to the memory of human groups, while it will contribute to the sedimentation of reflections about the notions of belonging to these individuals, contributing to the legal delineations of the theme. / Os remanescentes ósseos humanos sempre suscitaram um grande interesse da comunidade acadêmica e da comunidade em geral, sobretudo pela possibilidade de acesso às informações inerentes às populações já extintas. Tais informações trazem grande enriquecimento para diversas áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para a Arqueologia, uma vez que permitem o estudo sistemático acerca dos fatores biológicos, sociais, culturais, dentre outros aspectos destes grupos humanos. Entretanto, em sua maioria, este tipo de vestígio é encarado ainda como mero objeto a serviço da ciência. Esta dissertação busca explorar esta temática, apresentando reflexões de cunho ético no proceder com coleções osteológicas de origem arqueológica e traz nossas atenções ao estudo de caso proposto: a coleção de sepultamentos do Museu de Arqueologia de Xingó, em Canindé de São Francisco, SE. Além da análise ética que permeia o tratamento destes vestígios, propomos uma nova abordagem para uma amostra desta coleção, composta de 88 indivíduos sepultados e que estavam sob a guarda do Laboratório de Bioarqueologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, em Laranjeiras, sempre buscando suscitar o respeito pelos indivíduos trabalhados e balizado pelas noções de conservação e documentação inerentes à área da Museologia, o trabalho lança novos olhares para as condições destes acervos e propõe uma interdisciplinaridade entre esta e a Arqueologia. Tal interação trará grandes benefícios no que tange o respeito à memória dos grupos humanos, ao passo que contribuirá para a sedimentação das reflexões acerca das noções de pertencimento para com estes indivíduos, contribuindo para os delineamentos legais da temática. / Laranjeiras
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Curadoria de objetos industriais: acervos de utensílios domésticos pré-elétricos em São Paulo / Industrial products curatorship: collections of pre-electrical household utensils and appliances in São PauloPaula Coêlho Magalhães de Lima 20 October 2014 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo central o estabelecimento de um quadro referencial que possa contribuir para uma metodologia para gestão de acervos museológicos de uma tipologia específica aqui determinada - os utensílios domésticos industrializados e pré-elétricos. Compreendemos que a relevância desta tipologia de objetos está no papel que exerceu no processo de modernização e racionalização do espaço doméstico que culminará na eletrificação das residências ao longo do século XX. Sendo assim, traçamos aqui um panorama dos ciclos de vida destes produtos em seu contexto original de fabricação e consumo - através da investigação da publicidade que circulava em São Paulo na virada para o século XX - e sua posterior incorporação a instituições museológicas. Tendo como hipótese que a incorporação destes utensílios a acervos de museus históricos configure uma tendência relacionada às mudanças conceituais e metodológicas que ocorrem nos campos da História e da Museologia ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, nos debruçamos sobre coleções do Museu Paulista e do Museu da Casa Brasileira, propondo uma análise da historicidade destas coleções, assim como dos parâmetros curatoriais a eles empregados, buscando então elencar as possibilidades de desenvolvimento e pesquisa dentro dos processos de curadoria desta tipologia de objetos em museus com vocação histórica. / The present study is aimed at building a referential framework that may contribute to the establishment of collections management methodologies concerning a specific category of objects - pre-electrical household utensils and appliances of industrial manufacture. The relevance of such objects lies in the role they played in a process of modernization and rationalization of the household which would culminate in the spread of electrical power for residential use throughout the 20th century. Thus, we present an outlook of the life cycles these products took part in, whether in the context of their production and mass consumption in the turn-of-the-century São Paulo - for which we investigate the advertisements published in this period - whether in the context of their posterior accessioning by museums. On the assumption that the acquisition of such objects by History museums reveals a trend linked to conceptual and methodological transformations that guide the fields of History and Museum Studies throughout the second half of the 20th century, we look into the collections of Museu Paulista and Museu da Casa Brasileira, analysing the history of these collections as well as the curatorial process they were subject to, aiming at the possibilities for research and development of this category of objects within the curatorial process of History museums.
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Investigation of an OSLC-domain targeting ISO 26262 : Focus on the left side of the Software V-modelCastellanos Ardila, Julieth Patricia January 2016 (has links)
Industries have adopted a standardized set of practices for developing their products. In the automotive domain, the provision of safety-compliant systems is guided by ISO 26262, a standard that specifies a set of requirements and recommendations for developing automotive safety-critical systems. For being in compliance with ISO 26262, the safety lifecycle proposed by the standard must be included in the development process of a vehicle. Besides, a safety case that shows that the system is acceptably safe has to be provided. The provision of a safety case implies the execution of a precise documentation process. This process makes sure that the work products are available and traceable. Further, the documentation management is defined in the standard as a mandatory activity and guidelines are proposed/imposed for its elaboration. It would be appropriate to point out that a well-documented safety lifecycle will provide the necessary inputs for the generation of an ISO 26262-compliant safety case. The OSLC (Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration) standard and the maturing stack of semantic web technologies represent a promising integration platform for enabling semantic interoperability between the tools involved in the safety lifecycle. Tools for requirements, architecture, development management, among others, are expected to interact and shared data with the help of domains specifications created in OSLC.This thesis proposes the creation of an OSLC tool-chain infrastructure for sharing safety-related information, where fragments of safety information can be generated. The steps carried out during the elaboration of this master thesis consist in the identification, representation, and shaping of the RDF resources needed for the creation of a safety case. The focus of the thesis is limited to a tiny portion of the ISO 26262 left-hand side of the V-model, more exactly part 6 clause 8 of the standard: Software unit design and implementation. Regardless of the use of a restricted portion of the standard during the execution of this thesis, the findings can be extended to other parts, and the conclusions can be generalize.This master thesis is considered one of the first steps towards the provision of an OSLC-based and ISO 26262-compliant methodological approach for representing and shaping the work products resulting from the execution of the safety lifecycle, documentation required in the conformation of an ISO-compliant safety case. / Espresso 2 / Gen&ReuseSafetyCases
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Internprissättning utifrån OECD:s modellregelverk : en komparativ studie mellan Tyskland och Storbritannien / Transfer pricing based on the OECD model rule : a comparative study between Germany and the United KingdomLeijon, Ida, Softic, Dzana January 2017 (has links)
Den fortsatt snabba tillväxten av internationell handel och den ökade globaliseringen harresulterat i en ökning av användandet av internprissättning inom koncerner. Detta har i sin turuppmärksammat multinationella företag, som till följd av detta hamnat i mitten av en storm avstridigheter. I takt med att transaktioner ökat, har det uppstått problem med internprissättning.Internprissättningen används som ett viktigt verktyg av globala företag för att uppnå optimalavinster, där det kan uppstå manipulation av internpriser. Internprissättning förklaras därförofta som fenomenet att vinstmaximera genom att utnyttja andra länders skattesystem ochkringgå statliga regleringar. Mobiliseringen av internprissättning i syfte av skatteflykt är nästintill osynligt för allmänheten och ytterst svårt för tillsynsmyndigheter att upptäcka. För attkomma till underfund med detta problem och samtidigt hjälpa skattemyndigheter ochmultinationella företag har organisationen Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) tagit fram ett antal riktlinjer.Syftet med vår studie är att genomföra en komparativ undersökning för att pröva om det finnsen skillnad mellan tillämpningen av OECD:s riktlinjer, mellan länder med anglosaxiskrespektive kontinental redovisningstradition. Därför sker den komparativa studien mellan detkontinentala Tyskland och det anglosaxiska Storbritannien. För att undersöka potentiellaskillnader används kapitel I, II och IV i OECD:s riktlinjer för internprissättning (OECDTransfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2010).Dessa kapitel innehåller armlängdsprincipen, internprissättningsmetoder och dokumentation.För att kunna bedöma om det finns några skillnader i tillämpningen av OECD:s riktlinjermellan Tyskland och Storbritannien har vi kvalitativt granskat lagtexter och riktlinjer frånländernas skattemyndigheter. Vidare har vi använt oss av kvalificerad juridisk och ekonomisklitteratur.Vi har kommit fram till att det finns en skillnad mellan tillämpningen av OECD:s riktlinjermellan Storbritannien och Tyskland. Trots likheter som identifierats finns även storaskillnader mellan de två länderna. Dessa olikheter har varit av sådan omfattning att slutsatsenom att det råder skillnader i tillämpningen av OECD:s riktlinjer mellan ett anglosaxiskt ochkontinentalt land, kunnat dras. Studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om hur skattelagstiftningen ärutformad i Storbritannien och Tyskland. Den bidrar även med kunskap om hur OECD:sriktlinjer är utformade och hur dess utformning påverkar andra länders internprissättning. Vårstudie bidrar vidare med litteratur om Tysklands och Storbritanniens implementering avOECD:s riktlinjer samt OECD:s påverkan på utformning av länders skatteregler inominternprissättning. / The continued rapid growth of international trade and the increased globalization has resultedin an increase of use of transfer pricing within corporate groups. This has, further attractedattention to multinational companies that, as a consequence, have ended in the midst of astorm of debates. As transactions increased the problem of transfer pricing arose. Transferpricing is used as an important tool of global companies to achieve optimal profits, whereinternal prices may be manipulated. Transfer pricing is therefore often explained as thephenomenon of maximizing profit by utilizing other countries' tax systems and bypassinggovernment regulations. The mobilization of internal pricing for tax evasion is almostinvisible to the public and extremely difficult for regulatory authorities to detect. In order toaddress this problem while helping tax authorities and multinational companies, theOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has developed a numberof guidelines.The purpose of our study is to carry out a comparative study to determine if there is adifference between the application of the OECD guidelines, between countries with Anglo-Saxon and Continental Accounting tradition. Hence, the comparative study takes placebetween the Anglo-Saxon United Kingdom and the Continental Germany. To investigatepotential differences, chapters I, II and IV are used in the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelinesfor Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administration 2010. These chapters include the arm'slength principle, transfer pricing methods and documentation. In order to assess whether thereis any difference in the application of the OECD guidelines between United Kingdom andGermany, we have qualitatively reviewed legal texts and guidelines from the tax authorities ofthe countries. Furthermore, we have used qualified legal and economic literature.We have found that there is a difference between the application of the OECD guidelinesbetween United Kingdom and Germany. Despite similarities identified, there are also majordifferences between the two countries. These differences have been of such, that theconclusion that there are differences in the application of the OECD guidelines between anAnglo-Saxon and Continental country, could be drawn. The study contributes with increasedknowledge of how tax law is designed in the United Kingdom and Germany. It alsocontributes with knowledge of how the OECD guidelines are designed and how its designaffects other countries' transfer pricing. Our study further contributes literature on UnitedKingdom’s and Germany's implementation of the OECD Guidelines, as well as the OECD'simpact on the design of countries' tax rules in transfer pricing.This paper is hereinafter written in Swedish.
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Collections management practices at the Transvaal Museum, 1913-1964 : Anthropological, Archaeological and HistoricalGrobler, Elda 11 May 2006 (has links)
A museum has to care for the objects in its collection to the best of its ability. The concept collections management emerged in the 1960s, when accountability for collections became a strong incentive for museums to develop modern collections management practices. In the process of establishing accountability (the effective implementation of practices to ensure adherence to collections policies on the accessioning, care and disposal of objects in a museum collection) many museums encountered problems such as the lack of access to detailed information about the objects in collections, a proliferation of accession numbers and inadequate location control. These problems were also encountered at the National Cultural History Museum, Pretoria. This research reveals the way in which the historical, anthropological and archaeological collections at the Transvaal Museum, predecessor of the National Cultural History Museum were managed from 1913 to 1964. This period was chosen for the following reasons: -- J W B Gunning, the director of the Transvaal Museum, was succeeded by H G Breijer in 1913. The year 1913 is thus a clear starting point for research and a new beginning, a watershed, at the Museum. -- The year 1964 marked the inception of an autonomous museum, the National Cultural History and Open-Air Museum, and the discontinuance of responsibility, after a period of 60 years, for the anthropology, archaeology and history collections at the Transvaal Museum. The development of the Transvaal Museum as a natural history and a history museum, is traced. In 1953, for the first time, a trained professional officer was appointed for the history division at the Museum. After 1953 there was an increased awareness (from a professional point of view) that historical, anthropological and archaeological collections require specialized curatorial care. Modern collections management principles, although they were not called by this name, featured effectively in the handling of the historical collection in particular, for the first time in more than 50 years. Aspects such as departmental organization, the staff, expansion of collections, policies, documentation and conservation are investigated. An evaluation of the factors that played a decisive role in collections management practices for the historical, anthropological and archaeological collections shows that a combination of aspects has to be considered in order to understand the practices that were followed and the changes that were made. / Thesis (DPhil (Museology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted
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Les ressources au cœur des pratiques des professeurs de mathématiques : le cas de l'enseignement d'exploration MPS en seconde / Resources at the heart of the practices of mathematics teachers : The case of teaching MPS exploration in secondTufféry-Rochdi, Chantal 17 June 2016 (has links)
Notre questionnement trouve sa source dans la mise en place, dans le cadre de la réforme du lycée de 2010, de l'enseignement d'exploration Méthodes et Pratiques Scientifiques (MPS) en Seconde. Cet enseignement pluridisciplinaire, visant à initier les élèves à la démarche scientifique dans le cadre d'un projet, a conduit les enseignants de mathématiques, à interroger et à modifier leurs pratiques. Nous proposons d'analyser ces changements sous l'angle des ressources et du travail des enseignants sur ces ressources. Nous mobilisons les cadres théoriques de la double approche didactique et ergonomique (Robert, 2010a ; Rogalski, 2010) et de l'approche documentaire du didactique (Gueudet et Trouche, 2010). Notre recherche est conduite à partir du suivi de professeurs de mathématiques impliqués en MPS et engagés dans différents collectifs disciplinaires et pluridisciplinaires. Ce suivi est complété par des entretiens avec les collègues des autres disciplines. Nous avons aussi effectué une étude sur l'offre des ressources disponibles pour l'un des thèmes proposés. Cette étude s'inscrit dans le programme de recherche ReVEA (Ressources Vivantes pour l'Enseignement et l'Apprentissage), soutenu par l'ANR. Notre thèse propose de montrer l'impact des ressources et de leur manque depuis la compréhension de la tâche prescrite jusqu'à la tâche effective, ainsi que celui des différents collectifs dans lesquels le professeur de mathématiques est impliqué. Elle questionne également les effets de ce travail sur le développement professionnel concernant en particulier la conception et la mise en œuvre de séances fondées sur des démarches d'investigation. / Our questioning emerges from the establishment of a new teaching, called Scientific Methods and Practices (MPS), as part of the French high school reform in 2010. This multidisciplinary teaching, which aims to initiate pupils to a scientific approach, leds mathematics teachers to question and to change their practices. We propose to analyze these changes in terms of resources and the way teachers work on these resources. We retain two approaches: the double approach didactic and ergonomic of the teaching practices (Robert, 2010a; Rogalski, 2010) and the documentational approach of didactics (Gueudet et Trouche, 2010). Our research is conducted from observations of mathematics teachers involved in MPS and engaged in different disciplinary and multidisciplinary collectives. These observations are supplemented by interviews with colleagues in other disciplines. We also performed a study of resources available for one of the themes proposed. This study is part of the research program ReVEA (Living Resources for Teaching and Learning), supported by the ANR. Our thesis aims to show the impact of resources and lack of resources from understanding the prescribed task to the effective task, and also the impact of the different collectives in which the mathematics teacher is involved. It questions as well the effects of this work on professional development, especially regarding the inquiry-based science teaching.
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Evaluation of Informed Consent Documents used in Critical Care TrialsATWERE, PEARL January 2015 (has links)
The literature suggests that informed consent documents (ICDs) are not well understood by research participants. The patient decision aid model may suggest improvements for the informed consent process, particularly in the critical care setting (ICU) because of patient capacity issues. Our goal was to evaluate the extent to which existing ICDs used in ICU research adhere to standards and recommendations for high quality informed consent. Eighteen items from recommendations specific to ICU trials were added to a previously developed ICD evaluation tool. A sample of ICU trials was identified from clinicaltrials.gov database and the investigators contacted for their trial ICD.
Conformity to the recommendations was variable. Some information are found routinely in consent documents for critical care research and some are not. Efforts should aim to establish tools for measuring decision quality in the ICU with the goal of facilitating and helping patients and surrogates work through trial participation decisions.
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Návrh metodiky pro tvorbu webových stránek s důrazem na UX / A creation of a web design methodology with an emphasis on UXHadamčík, Lukáš January 2012 (has links)
This master thesis suggests a new design methodology used for creating web pages, with an emphasis on User Experience (UX). The thesis does not focus on specific web technol-ogies, but it rather concentrates on the process of preparation and design of websites. When applying such a process, the websites will not only meet clients business objectives, but it will also satisfy users requirements. The theoretical part of this thesis summarizes the information about User Experience De-sign, defining its processes, terms, tools, tasks and roles associated with it. The outline may serve the developer and the client as a guide when realizing a project or creating a demand for one. The main aim of the practical part is to introduce a new methodology for creating websites focusing mainly on the UX. The methodology is proposed by the author himself, based on his many years of experience in the field, and tested on a real project which is also present-ed in the practical part.
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Langues bantoues de l'entre Congo-Ubangi, RD Congo: documentation, reconstruction, classification et contacts avec les langues oubanguiennesDonzo Bunza Yugia, Jean-Pierre 16 January 2015 (has links)
Cette étude comparative des langues de l’entre Congo-Ubangi entreprend la documentation, la classification et la reconstruction de dix langues bantoues (bolondó, bonyange, ebudzá, ebwela, libóbi, lingɔmbɛ, mondóngó, monyɔ́ngɔ, mosángé, págáɓéte) parlées dans l’aire géographique comprise entre les fleuves Congo et Ubangi dans le nord-ouest de la RD Congo et présente leur interaction avec les langues oubanguiennes voisines (gbánzírí, gɔ́bú, máɓó, mbānzā, monzɔmbɔ, ngbandi, ngbaka). <p>Une étude lexicostatistique quantitative détermine le degré de similarité entre les langues bantoues à l’étude avant d’établir classification phylogénétique intégrant ces langues dans un groupe plus large totalisant 401 langues bantoues illustrée par des arbres Neighbor-Net et des Neighbor-Joining. <p>La description phonologique signale la présence de certains phonèmes étrangers au système proto-bantou (implosives et labiovélaires) fonctionnant non comme des allophones mais des phonèmes distincts de leurs correspondants explosifs et vélaires dans plusieurs langues. Ainsi l’examen de ces éléments ou des traits linguistiques particuliers indique qu’ils seraient des emprunts aux langues oubanguiennes voisines.<p>Somme toute, Il apparaît que les particularités linguistiques actuelles au niveau segmental, suprasegmental (que nous n’avons pas abordé) et structural des langues bantoues de l’entre Congo-Ubangi seraient liées, en partie, au contact autant dans le passé qu’au présent avec les locuteurs des langues non bantoues, notamment oubanguiennes.<p>Les emprunts lexicaux, par exemple, révèlent à la fois des emprunts de bantu vers les langues oubanguiennes et des langues oubanguiennes vers le bantu. <p>Néanmoins, les preuves historiques et archéologiques sur la date et la nature de ces relations de contact est assez faible et nécessite des études interdisciplinaires dans le futur.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Examining the performance of AR technologies to provide instructions for operators : a study at SiemensZellaya, Ibrahim, Brushwood, William January 2020 (has links)
Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB är intresserade av att digitalisera deras arbetsprocesser. Således är syftet med denna studie att undersöka om AR presterar bättre än papper som en instruktionsmetod för operatorer på Siemens i Trollhättan. För att kunna svara på frågan "Hur väl presterar Augmented Reality (AR) teknik som instruktionsmetod till skillnad från papper för operatorer i en produktionsmiljö?", har två kvalitativa metoder tillämpats. Datainsamling skedde med hjälp av observationer och semi-strukturerade intervjuer för analys tillstudien. Vårt val av teoretiskt ramverk tillämpades inte endast för att undersöka prestanda, det användes även för undersökning av operatörernas vilja att införa AR som en instruktionsmetod. Resultaten från denna studie visar att AR presterade bättre som en instruktionsmetod och att operatörerna hade en positiv inställning vid användning av AR. Däremot, är det fortfarande oklart hur väl denna teknologi kommer att accepteras. Detta beror huvudsakligen på faktum att framtida förbättringar behöver utföras när det kommer till hårdvara och avsaknaden av skräddarsydda applikationer för operatörernas behov. / Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB is interested in digitizing their current work processes. Therefore, the reason for this study is to examine if AR performs better than paper as an instruction method for operators at Siemens in Trollhättan. In order to answer the question "How well does Augmented Reality (AR) technology perform compared to physical papers as an instruction method for operators in a production environment?", two qualitative methods have been applied. Data was collected by using observations and semi-structured interviews for the analysis of this study. Our choice of theoretical framework was not only applied for evaluating the performance, but also the operators' willingness to adopt AR as a form of instruction method. The findings from the results show that AR performs better as an instruction method and that the operators had a positive attitude when using AR. However, it is still unclear how well this technology will be accepted. This is mainly due to the fact that future improvements still need to be made to the hardware and the lack of customized applications for the operators' needs.
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