Global ETD Search

1	Enforceable rights for victims of crime in England and Wales Wolhuter, Lorraine Winifred January 2012 (has links) Doctor Legum - LLD / The thesis draws on the author's own contribution to a co-authored text Wolhuter, et al, 2009), which was aimed at introducing students to the legal landscape pertaining to victims' rights in England and Wales. All the arguments presented and issues addressed in this contribution constitute the author's own work, and were developed without any form of collaboration with the co-authors. While the thesis incorporates the basic issues that arose for consideration in the author's contribution to this text, it goes beyond this contribution to develop a systematic framework for the recognition of enforceable victims' rights flowing from the overarching rules of EU law. The thesis explores the extent to which the entrenchment in English law of enforceable rights for victims of crime in general, and socially unequal victims in particular, will reduce secondary victimisation at the hands of criminal justice agencies. The absence of such rights in English law constitutes a significant lacuna in the state’s responses to victims, particularly in light of the recent recognition of enforceable victims’ rights in EU law. The thesis accordingly seeks to contribute to the generation of a victims' rights discourse in the UK, with the aim of encouraging the introduction of enforceable rights for victims. To this end, it engages in a comparative analysis of victims' rights in EU law, European human rights law and American law. It contends that the United Kingdom ought to agree to be bound by the Draft Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime (2011, the "Victims' Directive"), which will render the victims' rights enshrined therein directly enforceable in national courts. In addition, it considers each of the rights in the Framework Decision on the standing of victims in criminal proceedings (2001/220/JHA), and its prospective successor, the Victims' Directive, including the rights to information, respect and recognition, protection, participation and compensation, pointing to ways in which these rights may be given full effect in English law. In particular, the thesis advocates the recognition of active victim participation to empower victims in the pre-trial and trial processes. It maintains that the models of active victim participation in German and Swedish law, namely auxiliary prosecution and victims’ lawyers, reduce secondary victimisation, particularly for vulnerable victims of serious offences, and ought to be introduced in English law. The thesis also evaluates the position of socially unequal victims, namely women victims of gender-based violence, minority ethnic victims of racially and religiously motivated crime, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ("LGBT") victims of homophobic and transphobic crime, and victims of elder abuse. It locates these victims within the framework of international and European human rights law, and recommends reforms to English law that would facilitate and enhance their exercise of the victims' rights that it advocates. The thesis concludes by delineating the contours of a victims' rights' model, which encompasses the recognition of victims' rights as enforceable human rights, the correlation of these rights with the right to freedom from discrimination, and the introduction of active procedural rights in the pre-trial and trial processes. Enforceable rights Victims' rights Victims of crimes
2	Getting to zero - or just empty promises : A study of Kenya's AIDS Strategic Framework from a Human Rights perspective Skatka, Lisa January 2016 (has links) This bachelor thesis has been conducted after having personally observed and becoming interested in the HIV response in Kenya. The aim of the study is to assess the capability of Kenya’s AIDS Strategic Framework (KASF) based on Susan James perspective on rights as enforceable claims. It will do so by answering the question; ”what understanding of humans right to highest attainable standard of health is expressed in KASF? In order to do so, James’ conditions and circumstances have served as the foundation to an abductive study which seek to assess KASF from a different perspective. ! The study is primarily based on Kenya’s AIDS Strategic Framework (KASF) and Susan James’ (2003) article “Rights as enforceable claims”. The results and conclusions are reinforced by the use of other supporting documents to KASF and official reports and surveys. ! The results presented in this qualitative study of KASF concludes that some community groups are portrayed as stronger claim-holders than others, with some groups almost being excluded. Furthermore, this thesis establishes that the access to the highest attainable health is hindered by obligation-holders own emotional dispositions as well as institutional limitations. Kenya HIV Aids strategic framework human rights enforceable claims
3	L'analyse critique de l'effectivité du droit OHADA du recouvrement des créances / The critical analysis of the effectiveness of OHADA law on debt recovery Zerbo, Alain Gnankolawala 24 January 2019 (has links) La sécurité juridique recherchée par le droit OHADA à travers les actes uniformes est mise à rude épreuve. Dans le recouvrement des créances, matière qui fait partie du droit des affaires tel que défini par le Traité de Port Louis, la protection des personnes garantes et l’imparfaite adéquation des sûretés réelles, n’assurent pas aux créanciers une situation confortable dans la prévention de l’impayé. En outre, les défauts substantiels du droit et la grande considération de la personne du débiteur soit par des mesures compassionnelles, soit par des considérations tirées de l’intérêt général, s’ajoutent aux obstacles matériels pour conduire les procédures individuelles d’exécution sur les voies de l’ineffectivité. Par ailleurs, et alors qu’elles ont fait l’objet d’une récente réforme saluée par les praticiens, les procédures collectives restent handicapées par une inconséquente gestion du temps. Toutefois, en repensant la théorie des garanties personnelles et en prenant en compte la situation des créanciers modestes d’une part, et en réduisant les obstacles juridiques tout en opérant une meilleure intégration du titre exécutoire d’autre part, le droit OHADA du recouvrement des créances pourrait entrevoir des lendemains meilleurs. C’est tout l’objet de la présente étude qui appelle à une refonte d’envergure de la doctrine de la protection de la personne du débiteur. / The OHADA law on juridical security through uniform acts has seriously been tested. Notably in the matter of debts recovery, which is part of the business law as defined by the Port Louis Treaty. The guarantors’ protection as well as the imperfect adequacy of the real securities, do not guarantee the creditors a comfortable position in regards to liabilities. Moreover, the numerous deficiencies of the law and the interest shown to the borrower through compassionate measures or by considerations of each party’s general interest, are also issues that are added to the already existing material obstacles that are hindering the execution of individual enforcement proceedings. Moreover, and while they have been the subject of a recent reform praised by practitioners, collective procedures remain ineffective due to an inconsistent time management. However, by reorganizing the theory of personal guarantees and taking into account the situation of small creditors on the one hand, and the reduction of legal obstacles and a better integration of the enforcement order on the other hand, the OHADA law on debt recovery could know a better future. This is the focus of this study which calls for a major overhaul of the debtor's protection doctrine. Garantie Créance Titre exécutoire Saisie Immunité Guarantee Enforceable title Seizure Immunity Debt 340
4	Comments on the evolution of social, economic and cultural rights in Peru and the scope of its judiciability / Apuntes sobre la evolución de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales en el Perú y los alcances de su judiciabilidad Espinosa-Saldaña Barrera, Eloy, Cruces Burga, Alberto 25 September 2017 (has links) Are social, economic and cultural rights really enforceable rights? Is their nature different from those of the civil and political rights? What does our Constitution state on the matter? What is the posture that national and international jurisprudence have adopted regarding the issue?In the article at hand, the authors challenge the common conception about those rights, and analyze the work done by the Peruvian Constitutional Court on the matter. / ¿Son los derechos económicos, sociales y culturalesexigibles realmente? ¿Su naturaleza es distinta a lade los derechos civiles y políticos? ¿Qué establece nuestra Constitución al respecto? ¿Cuál ha sido lapostura de la jurisprudencia nacional e internacional sobre la materia?En el presente artículo, los autores cuestionan la concepción que normalmente se tiene de dichos derechos, y analizan la labor que ha desarrollado el Tribunal Constitucional peruano al respecto. Law Social Economic And Cultural Rights Peruvian Constitutional Court Programmatic Rules Enforceable Rights Derechos Económicos Sociales Y Culturales Tribunal Constitucional Peruano Normas Programáticas Derechos Exigibles
5	Da sentença que reconhece a existência de obrigação como título executivo (CPC, Art.475 N, I) Iglesias, André de Freitas 31 October 2007 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre de Freitas Iglesias.pdf: 686024 bytes, checksum: 05148ba14e09b2f7bdd9651effe6e815 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-31 / The present study is destined to analyze the meaning of the new content of interpolated proposition I of the article 475-N of the Civil Procedure Code. Due to the generic terms that have been used, the article has caused unreliability, because it seems there is no longer clear criteria to identify a sentence that allows enforcement. The objective is, therefore, to clarify the nature of the sentence mentioned in the related article. Firstly it is made an analysis of the concepts of conviction and declaratory judgements based on their contents. Later it is analyzed the constitutionality of the legislative alteration, the inconveniences that would be caused by the adoption of the declaratory judgement as enforceable judgement and the meaning of a sentence that denies a negative declaratory claim. In conclusion, the sentence that allows enforcement continues to be the conviction judgement / O presente estudo destina-se a analisar o significado do novo conteúdo do inciso I do artigo 475-N do Código de Processo Civil. Em razão dos termos genéricos que foram utilizados, o artigo tem causado insegurança, pois parece não haver mais critérios claros para identificar uma sentença que enseja execução. O objetivo é, portanto, esclarecer a natureza da sentença mencionada no referido artigo. Em primeiro lugar é feita uma análise dos conceitos de sentença condenatória e sentença declaratória com base em seus conteúdos. Depois analisa-se a constitucionalidade da alteração legislativa, os inconvenientes que surgiriam da adoção da sentença declaratória como título executivo e o significado de uma sentença de improcedência de demanda declaratória negativa. Conclui-se, enfim, que a sentença que permite execução continua sendo a sentença condenatória Sentença condenatória Sentença declaratória Título executivo judicial Obrigacoes (Direito) -- Brasil Conviction judgement Declaratory judgement Enforceable judgement
6	The role of social capital in undocumented migration : the case of undocumented Zimbabwean migrants in Botswana Mutsindikwa, Canisio 15 May 2013 (has links) This dissertation was carried out to try to understand the role of social capital in the migration of Zimbabwean migrants to Botswana. It describes elements and types of social capital Zimbabwean undocumented migrants used to come to Botswana. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to obtain data from respondents. Though the influence of macro factors initially pushed migrants to migrate, there was evidence of the existence of social networks. Findings showed the use of social networks by Zimbabwean undocumented migrants. Though kinship networks were dominant in the initial migration stages there was a wane in the destination as migrants reverted to friendship networks for flexibility. Linking existed at both the place of origin and destination. Social control, channelling and negative social capital were discovered among migrants. Migrants developed mechanisms to counter the Botswana’s enforcement policy. / Sociology Social capital Undocumented migration Bridging Bonding Linking Instrumental social capital Value introjection Social control Reciprocal exchange Enforceable trust 304.8689106883 Illegal aliens -- Botswana Refugees -- Botswana Refugees -- Zimbabwe Social networks -- Botswana Social networks -- Zimbabwe Social capital (Sociology) -- Botswana Human smuggling -- Botswana Botswana -- Emigration and immigration Zimbabwe -- Emigration and immigration Botswana -- Social aspects Botswana -- Economic aspects
7	The role of social capital in undocumented migration : the case of undocumented Zimbabwean migrants in Botswana Mutsindikwa, Canisio 15 May 2013 (has links) This dissertation was carried out to try to understand the role of social capital in the migration of Zimbabwean migrants to Botswana. It describes elements and types of social capital Zimbabwean undocumented migrants used to come to Botswana. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to obtain data from respondents. Though the influence of macro factors initially pushed migrants to migrate, there was evidence of the existence of social networks. Findings showed the use of social networks by Zimbabwean undocumented migrants. Though kinship networks were dominant in the initial migration stages there was a wane in the destination as migrants reverted to friendship networks for flexibility. Linking existed at both the place of origin and destination. Social control, channelling and negative social capital were discovered among migrants. Migrants developed mechanisms to counter the Botswana’s enforcement policy. / Sociology Social capital Undocumented migration Bridging Bonding Linking Instrumental social capital Value introjection Social control Reciprocal exchange Enforceable trust 304.8689106883 Illegal aliens -- Botswana Refugees -- Botswana Refugees -- Zimbabwe Social networks -- Botswana Social networks -- Zimbabwe Social capital (Sociology) -- Botswana Human smuggling -- Botswana Botswana -- Emigration and immigration Zimbabwe -- Emigration and immigration Botswana -- Social aspects Botswana -- Economic aspects
8	Le rôle des juridictions supranationales de la CEMAC et de l'OHADA dans l'intégration des droits communautaires par les Etats membres / The role of supranational jurisdictions of CEMAC and OHADA in the integration of community Law by member States Fipa Nguepjo, Jacques 04 July 2011 (has links) La Cour de Justice Communautaire (CJC), la Cour des Comptes Communautaire (CCC) et la Cour Commune de Justice et d’Arbitrage (CCJA) sont les trois juridictions supranationales créées respectivement par les traités de la CEMAC et de l’OHADA pour renforcer les nouveaux processus d’intégration économique et juridique des Etats membres. Dans la mesure où ces juridictions exercent un contrôle juridictionnel déterminant de la norme communautaire, le premier contrôle étant effectué par les juridictions nationales des Etats parties, la conception, l’organisation, le fonctionnement, les caractéristiques, les rôles ou compétences de ces juridictions nouvelles ainsi que la destinée des décisions qu’elles rendent dans leurs fonctions strictement judiciaires ou dans celles accessoires d’appui à la procédure arbitrale, présentent un intérêt digne d’une recherche doctorale. S’il est apparu que des jalons supplémentaires d’efficacité des nouveaux processus d’intégration ont été plantés par la création desdites juridictions, il a également été constaté que des pesanteurs d’ordre juridictionnel, structurel ou fonctionnel continuent d’en retarder la vitesse de croisière. Les solutions que nous avons proposées pour surmonter ces difficultés se regroupent en une réorganisation des juridictions communautaires, une répartition claire des compétences entre elles, un renforcement de la procédure de contrôle du droit communautaire, une vulgarisation permanente du droit de l’intégration, une revalorisation des titres exécutoires, une clarification des fonctions du juge d’exécution, une restriction du domaine de l’immunité d’exécution, un réaménagement des procédures de recouvrement, une formation continue des acteurs de la justice, une amélioration de leur condition de travail et de vie, une résurgence de l’éthique morale, une réelle indépendance de la justice… C’est dire que l’étude met un accent sur les obstacles qui entravent les nouveaux processus d’intégration et propose des solutions pour parfaire les textes législatifs et leurs interprétations jurisprudentielles, dans la perspective d’accélérer le développement économique des Etats concernés en particulier, pour une meilleure prospérité globale des économies mondiales. / The Communautary Court of Justice (CCJ), the Communautary Court of Account (CCA) and the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration (CCJA) are the three supranational jurisdictions respectively created by EMCAC and OHBLA treaties to reinforce the new processes of economical and judicial integration for their member States. In the measure where these jurisdictions are competent to exercise a juridictional control, by determining the communautary norms, the first control being carried out by the national juridictions, the conception, the organisation, the functioning, the characteristics, the roles or competences of these new jurisdictions and also the destiny of the decisions they rend in their strictly judiciary functions or in their accessory functions of supporting the arbitral procedure, present an interest worthy of a doctorate research. If it appears that the supplementary Milestones of efficiency of the new processes of integration had been installed by the creation of the said jurisdictions, it had also been observed that the gravities of jurisdictional, structural or functional order continue to delay the speed of cruise. The solutions that we have proposed to overcome these difficulties involves the reorganization of communautary jurisdictions, the clearly distribution of competences between them, the reinforcement of the communautarian law control procedure, a permanent vulgarisation of integration law, a revalorisation of executary titles, a clarification of immunity of execution domain, a development of the recovery procedures, a continual training of judicial actors, and improvement of their working and living conditions, a resurgence of moral ethic, a real independence of the Justice… This means that the study put a stress on the obstacles which hold up the new processes of integration and propose solutions to perfect the legislative texts and their jurisprudential interpretations, in the perspective of accelerating the economic development of the concerned States, for the best global prosperity of the world’s economies. Arbitrage Avis consultatif CEMAC Compétences Conflit Cour des comptes communautaire Cour de justice communautaire (CJC) Corruption Efficacité Exécution provisoire Exequatur Harmonisation Immunité d'exécution Insaisissabilité Intégration Juge communautaire Juge national OHADA Réformes Régulation Renvoi préjudiciel Rôle Sentence arbitrale Supranationalité Traité Titre exécutoire UEAC UMAC Afrique Afrique centrale Advisory opinion Arbitral sentence Arbitration CCJA Communautary court of justice Communautary judge Conflicts Court of account Corruption Enforceable provisional execution Enforcement EMCAC Executory title Exequatur Immunity of execution Imperceptibility Integration National court OHBLA Preliminary ruling Provisional execution Reforms Regulation Supranationality Treaty UEAC UMAC Africa -- Economic integration Law -- International unification Jurisdiction Competent authority

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