The study is concerned with the topic of nuclear liability. One might think this is a topic of the last century, but it is not. In the last few years the demand and development of nuclear power plants were enhanced due to several reasons. Especially in South Africa, the further development of nuclear power plants is planned by the government. However, nuclear energy is an ultra-hazardous energy resource which could cause huge damage to people, their property and the environment. Therefore, a comprehensive legal framework for cases of nuclear damage is needed to balance the interests of victims and the nuclear industry. A legal framework regulating the case of nuclear damage can be found in international law, as well as in most domestic legal systems of countries producing nuclear energy. Due to the fact that South Africa wants to develop its nuclear energy programme, it is interesting to examine its nuclear liability provisions closer. The study assesses the South African nuclear liability regime by comparing it with the international legal framework for nuclear liability and the German nuclear liability regime. Therefore, the study will firstly outline principles of nuclear liability, secondly analyse the most important international conventions and finally examine the crucial nuclear liability provisions in the domestic legal systems of Germany and South Africa.

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O homem é o maior predador da natureza e de si mesmo. A gravidade dos problemas gerados por essa atitude predatória, com o passar do tempo, despertou para a necessidade de uma consciência ecológica, voltada à preservação do meio em que prolifera a vida. O conceito de meio ambiente é incerto. A Constituição Federal de 1988, contudo, inovando em matéria de bem público, definiu meio ambiente como bem de uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida , criando uma terceira categoria de bens, formada por bens que não são públicos nem particulares, mas de interesse público. Como conseqüência desse novo conceito, a Carta Constitucional estabeleceu limites à utilização do bem ambiental limites imanentes , na medida necessária para garantir uma vida saudável. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T19:36:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Noerci da Silva Melo.pdf: 480912 bytes, checksum: 5a8a84fa0f3e00ff6da7682930f67808 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T19:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Noerci da Silva Melo.pdf: 480912 bytes, checksum: 5a8a84fa0f3e00ff6da7682930f67808 (MD5) / The human being is the biggest predator of himself and the surrounding environment. The magnitude and the gravity of the problems created by this predatory behavior, as time goes by, made people conscious of the need of a new ecological awareness, with a focus on the environment and its preservation as a way to protect wildlife. The concept of environment is uncertain. In 1988 the Federal Constitution, however, innovating in terms of well-being, defined environment as a public property to be used by the people which is essential for a healthy life , this way creating a new category of public properties, formed by properties which are neither public nor private, but of general interest. As a consequence of this new concept, the Constitution established limits for the use of the environment immanent limits, in the right amount to guarantee a healthy way of life.

O homem é o maior predador da natureza e de si mesmo. A gravidade dos problemas gerados por essa atitude predatória, com o passar do tempo, despertou para a necessidade de uma consciência ecológica, voltada à preservação do meio em que prolifera a vida. O conceito de meio ambiente é incerto. A Constituição Federal de 1988, contudo, inovando em matéria de bem público, definiu meio ambiente como bem de uso comum do povo e essencial à sadia qualidade de vida , criando uma terceira categoria de bens, formada por bens que não são públicos nem particulares, mas de interesse público. Como conseqüência desse novo conceito, a Carta Constitucional estabeleceu limites à utilização do bem ambiental limites imanentes , na medida necessária para garantir uma vida saudável. / The human being is the biggest predator of himself and the surrounding environment. The magnitude and the gravity of the problems created by this predatory behavior, as time goes by, made people conscious of the need of a new ecological awareness, with a focus on the environment and its preservation as a way to protect wildlife. The concept of environment is uncertain. In 1988 the Federal Constitution, however, innovating in terms of well-being, defined environment as a public property to be used by the people which is essential for a healthy life , this way creating a new category of public properties, formed by properties which are neither public nor private, but of general interest. As a consequence of this new concept, the Constitution established limits for the use of the environment immanent limits, in the right amount to guarantee a healthy way of life.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:20:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho analisa a crise ambiental a partir da relação estabelecida entre o homem e a natureza ao longo da História e, como os movimentos ambientais influenciaram e ainda atuam para a formação de um sujeito ecológico, com modos próprios de pensar a si mesmo e as relações com os outros neste mundo. Contextualiza-se a sociedade contemporânea mediante a idéia de sociedade de risco proposta por Urich Beck, ao passo que os problemas ambientais tomaram proporções globais, gerando insegurança e incerteza de futuro. Percebe-se a existência de consciência dos riscos, todavia estas não são acompanhadas de políticas de gestão, fenômeno denominado irresponsabilidade organizada, sendo que a capacidade e eficácia regulatória do Direito Ambiental convive cotidianamente com a difícil tarefa de modificar, adequar e compatibilizar as próprias condições jurídicas perante a necessidade de conciliar e garantir a proteção do desenvolvimento econômico e da capacidade de inovação tecnológica, com a obrigação de protege / The present work analyzes the ambient crisis from the relation established between the Man and nature throughout history and, as the ambient movements had influenced and still they act for the formation of an ecological citizen, with proper ways to exactly think itself and the relations with the others about this world. The Society contemporary is based on the risk society proposal for Urich Beck, to the step that the ambient problems had taken ratio global, generating unreliability and uncertainty of future. It is perceived existence of conscience of the risks, however, these is not folloied of management politics, called phenomenon organized irresponsibility, having been that the capacity and regulatória effectiveness of the Enviromental law daily coexist the difficult task to modify, to adjust and to modify, to adjust and to make compatible the proper legal conditions before the necessity to conciliate and to guarantee the protection of the economic development and the capacity of technological innovati

The present written work carries through a critical boarding to the design of etymological geography, and its object of study. So interdisciplinary, focus on the right environmental space, from the modern conception of geography resolute science of the applied social conflicts. May there be sight, considering the standard values come from the threedimensional theory to the detriment of the standard positivist, searching a development sustainable, and the had application of the ambient legislation, what should be implanted in favour of the construction of an exclusive ambient conscience. Still, we are attentive to the importance of the exercise of the participatory citizenship, in order to consolidate the democratic system of Right, in the moving one to the guardianship of the environment. Concluding the work from a case study, the importance of the worked theoretical content is noticed it, explaining how the application of the legal precept sometimes used, at the expense of proper regulatory supervision, applied to the Environment. / O presente trabalho dissertativo realiza uma abordagem crítica à concepção etimológica da geografia e de seu objeto de estudo. De forma interdisciplinar, foca o direito ambiental espacial normativo, a partir da concepção moderna de geografia, como ciência resolutiva dos conflitos sociais aplicados. Considerando-se a norma valorativa oriunda da teoria tridimensional, em detrimento da norma positivista, busca-se um desenvolvimento sustentável e a devida aplicação da legislação ambiental, que deve ser implantada em prol da construção de uma consciência ambiental personalíssima. Ainda, atentamos para a importância do exercício da cidadania participativa, a fim de consolidar o regime democrático de Direito, no tocante à tutela do meio ambiente. Concluindo o trabalho, com um estudo de caso, nota-se a importância do conteúdo teórico trabalhado, explicitando-se como é a aplicação do preceito legal ora utilizado, em detrimento da devida tutela normativa, aplicada ao Meio Ambiente. / Mestre em Geografia

O presente estudo trata da questão da sustentabilidade dos municípios dando um enfoque através das áreas de preservação permanentes. Traz à tona, por meio do método analítico e da revisão bibliográfica, as dinâmicas dos ambientes naturais, as interferências causadas pelo homem ao longo dos anos e algumas conseqüências decorrentes das suas práticas predatórias, com relação a implantação das cidades, ou seja, dos ambientes artificiais. Procura também verificar os mecanismos legais que possibilitem a garantia de um meio ambiente equilibrado através do papel dos municípios para tal implementação, além de apresentar algumas contradições em relação à falsa dicotomia entre os temas desenvolvimento e preservação ambiental. Analisa por fim a legislação referente às áreas de preservação permanente inferindo sobre a importância do uso adequado das mesmas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T16:54:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Henrique Meyer.pdf: 545359 bytes, checksum: 833a7e9799dd5638cdcf0163a4333eb5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T16:54:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Henrique Meyer.pdf: 545359 bytes, checksum: 833a7e9799dd5638cdcf0163a4333eb5 (MD5) / The present study referes upon the cities supportability pointing out through permanent preventions areas. Which brings out by analytic method and bibliographic revision the dinamic of environments. The interferences caused by men through years, and some consequences taking of their spoiled practice in relation of the placing cities or else artificial environments. It searches also verify legal systems which would make possible the warranty of a balanced environment taken by cities. Besides it presents some contradictions related to the false division between the subjects development and environmental preservation. It analyses the current Law refering to permanent prevention areas infering upon the importance of the proper use of them.

O presente estudo trata da questão da sustentabilidade dos municípios dando um enfoque através das áreas de preservação permanentes. Traz à tona, por meio do método analítico e da revisão bibliográfica, as dinâmicas dos ambientes naturais, as interferências causadas pelo homem ao longo dos anos e algumas conseqüências decorrentes das suas práticas predatórias, com relação a implantação das cidades, ou seja, dos ambientes artificiais. Procura também verificar os mecanismos legais que possibilitem a garantia de um meio ambiente equilibrado através do papel dos municípios para tal implementação, além de apresentar algumas contradições em relação à falsa dicotomia entre os temas desenvolvimento e preservação ambiental. Analisa por fim a legislação referente às áreas de preservação permanente inferindo sobre a importância do uso adequado das mesmas. / The present study referes upon the cities supportability pointing out through permanent preventions areas. Which brings out by analytic method and bibliographic revision the dinamic of environments. The interferences caused by men through years, and some consequences taking of their spoiled practice in relation of the placing cities or else artificial environments. It searches also verify legal systems which would make possible the warranty of a balanced environment taken by cities. Besides it presents some contradictions related to the false division between the subjects development and environmental preservation. It analyses the current Law refering to permanent prevention areas infering upon the importance of the proper use of them.

I nästan 20 år har mega projektet med Nya Karolinska Solna pågått. Upphandlingen har blivit en av de största i Sveriges historia och fått stor medial uppmärksamhet, inte bara nationellt men även internationellt. Rapporten syftar på att analysera samtliga planerings- och beslutsprocesser för byggnationen av Nya Karolinska Solna för att sedan undersöka om det finns några kopplingar baserat på beslutsteorier och hur dessa kan ha påverkat det slutliga resultatet. En litteraturstudie och intervjustudie har genomförts under arbetets gång. Rapporten behandlar olika beslutsteorier som rationella beslutsteorin och narrativa beslutsteorin. Vidare presenteras hur komplexa beslutsprocesser har kopplingar till olika teorier. Under byggprojektets gång har en rad olika aktörer varit involverade och dessa presenteras under avsnittet aktörer. Byggherren för projektet har varit Stockholms Läns Landsting, entreprenören har varit projektbolaget Swedish Hospital Partners (SHP) med dess två underleverantörer, Skanska Healthcare AB (SHC) och Coor Service Management AB (Coor). NKS förvaltningen var en organisation som inrättades för att ha ett organ som arbetade med hela organisationen. Gällande beslut om all byggnation, upphandlingen och organiseringen av vården hade förvaltningen exekutiv makt. Vidare tar rapporten upp de lagrum som varit aktuella i beslutsprocesserna under avsnittet gällande rätt. De mest centrala lagarna har varit Plan- och bygglagen (2010:900), Miljöbalken (1998:808), Myndighetsförordning (2007:515) och Förvaltningslagen (2017:900). Därefter redovisas alla utredningar och planprocesser som skett i ett tidigt skede och vilka beslut som tagits. Rapporten beskriver den slutgiltiga byggnationen som fått stor kritik för brister i utformningen. Efter intervjuer med aktörer från Skanska, Solna stad och NKS ger rapporten läsaren en bättre inblick i de olika beslutsprocesserna. Avslutningsvis analyseras intervjuerna utifrån de narrativa-, rationella och komplexa beslutsteorierna av Kerstin-Sahlin Andersson. Av analyserna framgår hur konsulter utgetts för experter och visat sig vara ett praktexempel på hur förvaltningar kan användas för att formulera berättelsen och därmed kontrollera premisserna för en beslutsprocess. När förvaltningen senare avsattes, för att ersättas med ett team från KS, förändrades hela strukturen och därmed utgången. Att involvera kompetenta medarbetare i arbetet kring och utformningen av sjukhuset kom att leda till positiva utfall. Det styrker även belägget om att inhämtning bruksinformation är en av de viktigaste delarna inom beslutsteorin för ett projekt av den karaktär Nya Karolinska Solna bär. / For almost 20 years, the mega-project with Nya Karolinska Solna has been ongoing. The procurement has become one of the largest in Sweden's history and received a lot of attention in the media, not only nationally but also internationally. The report aims to analyze all planning and decision-making processes for the construction of Nya Karolinska Solna and then investigate whether there are any connections based on decision theories and how these may have influenced the final result. A literature study and interview study have been made during the course of the report. The report deals with different decision theories such as the rational decision theory and the narrative decision theory. Furthermore, it is presented how complex decision-making processes have connections to different theories. During the course of the construction project, a number of different actors have been involved and these are presented in the actor section. The client for the project has been Stockholm County Council, the contractor has been the project company Swedish Hospital Partners (SHP) with its two subcontractors, Skanska Healthcare AB (SHC) and Coor Service Management AB (Coor). The NKS administration was an organization that was formed to have a unit that worked with the entire organization. Regarding decisions about all construction, procurement and the organization of care, the administration had executive power. Furthermore, the report covers the areas of legislation that were relevant in the decision- making processes according to the section of the law. The most central laws have been the Planning and Building Law (2010:900), the Environmental Law (1998:808), the Authority Ordinance (2007:515) and the Administration Law (2017:900). Afterwards, all investigations and planning processes that took place at an early stage and what decisions were taken are reported. The report describes the final construction, which received much criticism for building flaws. After interviews with actors from Skanska, Solna city and NKS, the report gives the reader a better insight into the various decision-making processes. Finally, the interviews are analyzed based on Kerstin-Sahlin Andersson's narrative, rational and complex decision theories. The analyzes show how consultants were passed off as experts and proved to be a prime example of how administrations can be used to formulate the story and thereby control the premises for a decision-making process. When the administration was later removed, to be replaced by a team from KS, the entire structure changed and thus the outcome. Involving competent employees in the work around and designing the hospital led to positive results. It also confirms the evidence that gathering usage information is one of the most important parts of decision theory for a project of the nature of Nya Karolinska Solna.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renzo Gama Soares.pdf: 711346 bytes, checksum: facf3483b7543905f15fd5e5726fd4db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / Strict liability, the one that doesn t need a negligent act to impose the damage doer the obligation to pay the victim for the damages caused, is getting more and more important in the judiciary system, since the end of he 19th century. Especially after the Civil Code of 2002, the analysis of this kind of torts became even more relevant for the Brazilian Law system because of the several cases in which it is applied, including especially the adoption of this system as a general clause statement. Because of this necessity, the present work intends to study the strict liability, especially concerning its axiological foundations, that for long are beyond the original idea of risk, and some microsystems where this kind of liability is applied. To accomplish this result, the paper was divided in two parts: the first one is used to study the fundaments of torts, since the private vengeance until the strict liability as we know nowadays; the second part is about some of the Microsystems that are not based on a negligent act to impose the damage doer the obligation to pay the victim for the damages caused in the Brazilian legal system. The study is done, as much as possible, in a comparative form with other foreign legislation. Some of them influenced the Brazilian legislator on the text of the 2002 Civil Code, but others just have a similar regulation on the matter, even if there is not any influence on Brazilian Civil Code. These comparative studies are done, as much as possible, based on foreign books that study local statutes, so we tried to avoid an interpretation of foreign legislation out of the country s cultural and social context / A responsabilidade civil objetiva, aquela que prescinde da culpa para sua análise e conseqüente imputação de obrigação de indenizar ao causador do dano, vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço no mundo jurídico, desde o final do século XIX. Especialmente com o advento do Código Civil de 2002, a análise desta espécie de responsabilidade passou a ser ainda mais relevante para o Direito brasileiro, em razão das inúmeras previsões deste tipo de responsabilização neste corpo legislativo, inclusive e especialmente com a adoção deste sistema por meio de uma cláusula geral. Em razão desta necessidade, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a responsabilidade civil objetiva, especialmente no tocante aos seus fundamentos axiológicos, que ultrapassam a originária hipótese de risco, e alguns microssistemas jurídicos em que tal espécie de responsabilidade é aplicada. Para tanto o trabalho foi dividido em duas partes: a primeira cuida da análise dos fundamentos da responsabilidade civil, desde a vingança privada até a responsabilidade objetiva dos tempos atuais; a segunda parte diz respeito especificamente a alguns microssistemas jurídicos que dispensam a culpa para a imputação civil dos danos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A análise, sempre que possível, é feita de forma comparativa com outros ordenamentos jurídicos que influenciaram o legislador de 2002, ou apenas possuem regramento parecido, mesmo que não haja uma relação de influência na legislação brasileira. Tais análises comparadas são feitas, sempre que possível, com base em doutrinas estrangeiras que analisam os textos legais dos respectivos países, de forma a se evitar interpretação do texto legal estrangeiro fora do contexto cultural e social daquele país