Ecosystem services, capturing the benefits and values of functioning ecosystems for human well-being, is a concept receiving increasing attention both in science and policy. This study investigates the utility of considering ecosystem service in the ecological restoration of a river affected by small-scale hydropower. While hydropower is a renewable energy source, it has impacts on the ecological status in water sheds and generates issues addressed e.g. by the EU Water Directive. To mitigate ecological impacts, and maintain hydroelectricity production that better correspond to the Water Directive, several restoration measures are carried out in river Billstaån, County of Jämtland, Sweden.   This study presents an ecosystem service perspective of the restoration process in river Billstaån linked to recommendations in terms of further interpretation, monitoring and communication of the assessment results. By applying evaluation of ecosystem services to the case of river Billstaån, it is examined to what extent ecosystem service descriptions can give support in monitoring and communication of the results of the ecological restoration efforts.   Ecosystem services were assessed for the restoration outcomes in river Billstaån using the two frameworks Corporate Ecosystem Service Review (ESR) and Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Assessment (TESSA), respectively. The ecosystem services deemed most important partly differed between the two frameworks due to different assessment perspectives. However, both ESR and TESSA pointed out ecosystem services connected to recreation and tourism as important, indicating a potential regarding recreational use of the area. Such socio-economic impacts of the restoration project was not included in the planning of the restoration, but if identified and utilized such “added benefits” might give opportunities for local rural development beyond the restoration work itself.   Contrasting the results from the ecosystem service assessment of river Billstaån towards the Swedish Environmental Objectives identified two direct and seven indirect connections. Through these connections the restoration project can be presented in relation to national goals. Indicating such connections can help in communicating the ecosystem service perspective. For future monitoring of project outcomes in river Billstaån, a set of potential indicators were identified using an ecosystem service approach, that can complement the planned monitoring of ecosystem functions. For future monitoring of ecosystem service development it is advisable to use a combination of indicators that reflect both the ecosystem function availability and the ecosystem service use. Three types of illustrations that can support different perspectives in future communication regarding ecosystem services in river Billstaån were identified in this study and termed system, overview and single service perspective. Example illustrations include a Causal Loop Diagram, a hot-spot map and a range of photos, respectively. The illustrations are deemed to present the assessment results in a more accessible way and can be adapted to a diversity of future communication settings. / <p>Betyg 2017-06-14</p>

Parler de l’environnement dans un pays comme le Liban semble, à première vue et pour la plupart des Libanais, un peu étrange. En effet, les épisodes continus de guerre et par conséquent l’instabilité politique et économique que connaît le pays entravent l’introduction de l’écologie dans le catalogue des préoccupations des citoyens. Néanmoins, les causes de la crise environnementale libanaise ne peuvent pas être réduites simplement aux résultats de la guerre. Elles s’inscrivent dans un schéma plus complexe englobant la gestion politique, la conscience citoyenne ainsi que la couverture médiatique. La protection des ressources naturelles commence par une métamorphose intellectuelle. Une communication environnementale s’impose alors. L’installation de la question environnementale dans l’espace public peut emprunter différentes voies parmi lesquelles les médias ont toute leur place. Cette recherche en Sciences de L’Information et de la Communication interroge les représentations de l’environnement dans le discours de trois quotidiens libanais importants (Annahar, Assafir et L’Orient Le Jour). Comment s’y fait la médiatisation de cette thématique ? Quelle est la nature des enjeux écologiques véhiculés ? Jusqu’à quel point la presse arrive-t-elle à susciter dans l’opinion publique la conscience du danger qui l’entoure ? Les représentations sociales de l’environnement transforment-t-elles le choix et le traitement des événements ? Pour apporter des éléments de réponse, nous procédons à une analyse quantitative et qualitative des articles de presse sur deux périodes : une ordinaire et une autre troublée.Cette rencontre entre deux champs disciplinaires (médias et environnement) nous amène à une double réflexion. D’une part, elle nous permet d’interroger le rôle actuel de la presse écrite au Liban. D’autre part, elle constitue une occasion pour comprendre les modes de fonctionnement d’un journal et les lois qui définissent le choix et la construction de l’information en tenant compte du caractère polysémique de la notion d’environnement. / To speak of the environment in a country as Lebanon seems, at first sight for most Lebanese, a bit strange. Indeed, the continuous episode of war and consequently political and economic instability in the country hinders the introduction of ecology among the citizens’ preoccupations. Nevertheless, the reasons of the Lebanese environmental crisis cannot be reduced to the war consequences. They are more complex including political management, citizen’s conscience as well as media coverage. The protection of the natural resources starts with an intellectual metamorphosis. The environmental communication imposes itself then in various ways in the public space. This research in information Sciences and Communication questions the environment representation in three important Lebanese newspapers (Annahar, Assafir and L’Orient Le Jour). How is done the mediatization of this theme ? What is the nature of the ecological stakes ? To which point does the press manage to raise in the public opinion the awareness of the danger that surrounds it ? Do the social representations of the environment transform the choice and the events treatment ? To answer this, we conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the press articles in two times: one ordinary and another troubled. Joining two disciplinary fields (Medias and environment) brings us to a double reflection. On one hand, it allows us to question the present written press role in Lebanon, and on the other, it constitutes an opportunity to understand how a newspaper works and the laws defining the information choice and construction while taking into account the polemic character of the environment.

The aim of this case study was to explain how voluntary climate initiatives are communicated to employees, and the role of employee involvement as an antecedent for more strategic environmental sustainability work. More specifically, the project explored enabling factors for stakeholder involvement from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) communication perspective. A flexible research design was structured through qualitative methods and an inductive approach. Semi-structured interviews and corporate sustainability documents from two knowledge-intensive IT businesses were analyzed to understand the internal CSR landscape related to voluntary climate initiatives, like carbon offsetting actions and reduce-reuse-recycle efforts. The theoretical framework used concepts from CSR communication, environmental marketing and stakeholder management. Case study findings indicate that voluntary carbon offsetting initiatives may have a notable impact on building a more distinct company-wide climate change agenda. Furthermore, the study confirmed that employees are important drivers in environmental initiatives and may act as informal sustainability ambassadors by supporting the organizational climate impact work internally (and later externally) – by building credibility from the inside-out.

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Rock climbing has become a popular adventure activity, yet it poses a threat to the environment, particularly to the rare species that inhabit the lower vegetation density of rock faces. To address this concern, effective evironmental communication is necessary to provoke environmentally responsible behavior among climbers. This study explores what the most effective form of environmental communication is, that elicits a positive response from rock climbers. Regulatory Focus Theory as well as the nature values distinction (intrinsic, instrumental, and relational) are employed to assess the effect of value-based messages on rock climbers' environmental behavior. Moreover, this research investigates how personal values of rock climbers (biospheric, altruistic, and egoistic) impact their response to messages that highlight different nature values. Environmental messaging that resonates with the personal values of rock climbers can influence their response positively. Thus, crafting messages that are aligned with the target audience's environmental dispositions is essential for effective environmental communication. While the findings did not yield definitive results, the study indicates that messages emphasizing the instrinsic value of nature coupled with prevention-oriented foucus may be more effective for rock climbers. Moreover, altruistic and biospheric values significantly moderated climbers' response to environmental messages framed with nature values. Regulatory focus was not found to significantly influence rock climbers' environmental behavior. The study also shows that demographic characteristics such as age and gender can influence the environmental behavior of rock climbers. The study's insights provide a baseline for future research in persuasive messaging for adventure tourists. The research opens up new directions in tourism studies and identifies environmental values most relevant to the rock climbing community, providing guidance to climbing area managers and other stakeholders invested in safeguarding natural habitats. By shedding light on possible environmental communication strategies for the promotion of pro-environmental behavior among rock climbers, this research offers an important contribution to the protection of vulnerable ecosystems and the preservation of natural habitats.

Hur bidrar reklamfilmer till att producera och reproducera klimatdiskurser i samhället? Genom att undersöka tre svenska reklamfilmer som marknadsför elbilar syftar studien till att öka förståelsen för hur reklam samspelar med allmänhetens åsikter om miljöfrågor. De aktuella bilmärkena är Kia, Volkswagen och Volvo. Utifrån teoretiska perspektiv om grön kapitalism, gröna utopier och industriell fatalism strävar studien efter att avslöja de diskurser som är aktuella i reklamfilmerna, samt att avslöja de strategier som fordonsindustrin använder för att positionera elbilar som lösning på klimatkrisen. Studien använder en kritisk multimodal diskursanalys för att analysera reklamfilmernas visuella, auditiva och textuella element. Resultaten erbjuder värdefulla insikter för marknadsförare, beslutsfattare och forskare som är intresserade av samspelet mellan reklam och hållbara diskurser, samt bidrar till fältet för miljökommunikation. / How do commercials contribute to producing and reproducing climate discourses in society? By examining three Swedish commercials that market electric cars, the study aims to increase the understanding of how advertising interacts with the public's views on environmental issues. The car brands are Kia, Volkswagen and Volvo. Based on theoretical perspectives on green capitalism, green utopias and industrial fatalism, the study aims to reveal the discourses that are embedded in the commercials, as well as to reveal the strategies that the automotive industry uses to position electric cars as a solution to the climate crisis. The study uses a critical multimodal discourse analysis to analyze the commercials' visual, auditory and textual elements. The results offer valuable insights for marketers, policy makers and researchers interested in the interplay between advertising and sustainability discourses, as well as contributing to the field of environmental communication.

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Ekofeminism figurerar i både politiska och filosofiska sammanhang och är en ideologi som kombinerar feminism med miljöpolitik. Den bygger sin ideologi på att motarbeta ett patriarkalt förtryck mot både kvinnor och natur och säger att detta förtryck härrör från en historisk föreställning om kvinnan som stående närmare naturen. Den vita mannens självupphöjande till Gud under industrialismen använde denna historiska föreställning i ett rättfärdigande av ett maktutövande gentemot både kvinnor och natur som sägs leva kvar i allra största grad än idag. Genom att betrakta hur svensk tryckt press framställt ekofeminism mellan åren 1995-2016 har denna uppsats ämnat utröna om detta maktförhållande lever kvar och hur det tar sig uttryck. Uppsatsen undersöker även om det medieras en diskurs om ekofeminism i svensk tryckt press. Centrala frågeställningar: Hur framställs ekofeminism i svensk tryckt press mellan åren 1995-2016 ? Vilka maktstrukturer framträder runt ekofeminism och vilka personer kommer till tals? Varför skrevs inget alls om ekofeminism under 5 av de 11 undersökta åren ? Metoder: För att ta reda på detta har denna uppsats använt sig av triangulering som övergripande metod innehållande en kvantitativ analys, innehållsanalys och analys av visuell kommunikation. Slutsatser: Denna uppsats kommer fram till att förtrycket lever kvar och visar sig tydligt i relationen mellan svensk tryckt press och ekofeminism. Ekofeminismen framställs som svårbegriplig för allmänheten och blandas ofta ihop med särartsfeminism i vad som tycks vara ett strategiskt syfte att genom desinformation utöva förtryck. / The silent years: ecofeminism in Swedish printed press 1995-2016 Ecofeminism figures in both political and philosophical contexts and is an ideology that combines feminism with environmental policy. It builds its ideology to counteract a patriarchal oppression against both women and nature, saying that this oppression stems from a historical perception of the woman standing closer to nature. The self-elevation of the white man to God during the industrialism era used this historical image in the justification to exercise power towards both women and nature, which is said to be ongoing to the greatest extent today. By considering how Swedish printed press depict ecofeminism between the years 1995-2016, this paper has been designed to determine if this relationship of power remains and define how it is expressed. The essay also investigates whether a discourse on ecofeminism is mediated in Swedish press. Central Issues: How is ecofeminism produced in Swedish printed press between 1995 and 2016? What power structures appear around ecofeminism and who get their voices heard? Why was nothing written about ecofeminism for 5 of the 11 investigated years? Methods: To find this out, this essay has used triangulation as an overarching method containing quantitative analysis, content analysis and analysis of visual communication. Conclusions: This essay indicate that the repression remains and becomes evident in the relationship between Swedish press and ecofeminism. Ecofeminism is expressed as difficult for the public and is often confused with specificity feminism in what appears to be a strategic goal of repression by means of disinformation. / <p>Betygssättande lärare: Per Vesterlund. Formell examinator för kursen: Eva Åsén Ekstrand.</p>

Omniprésent au coeur de la stratégie globale des entreprises, l’enjeu environnemental est un moteur distinctif du secteur de fabrication. S’inscrivant dans une tendance qui entraîne un fort niveau d’enthousiasme, la fabrication de produits environnementaux connaît depuis peu une ascension importante. S’appuyant sur l’idéologie du développement durable et du fondement de l’écoconception, les entreprises mettent de l’avant leur performance environnementale en tant qu’argument de vente principal. Pour revendiquer cette plus-value, la communication environnementale se déploie à travers la publicité, notamment grâce à l’écomarketing. L’autodéclaration fait partie des outils de communication. L’autodéclaration, étant l’outil de communication le plus permissif, autorise une grande liberté pour les industriels qui s’engagent dans cette démarche. Ce faisant, en raison même de cette latitude, elle est pauvre en directives; le résultat de la communication peut-être ainsi altéré et la véracité des propos avancés mise en doute. La non-justesse des arguments peut résulter d’une mauvaise volonté de l’industriel ou d’une bonne volonté qui comporte des lacunes lors de la compréhension et de l’exécution de la norme. L’opinion des parties prenantes est ainsi partagée et la réputation de l’autodéclaration se retrouve sous les projecteurs. Cependant, en comparaison avec les autres outils, l’autodéclaration semble moins exigeante en temps, en argent et en facteurs de complexité. C’est pourquoi elle est fortement utilisée dans le secteur de fabrication. Représentant 98 % des entreprises au Québec (BDC, 2011:1), les petites et moyennes entreprises disposent de ressources limitées; c’est d’ailleurs pour cette raison qu’elles sont prédisposées à favoriser l’autodéclaration. L’engouement pour le respect environnemental a suscité l’intérêt du consommateur pour les produits verts. Toutefois, cet intérêt éveille une certaine controverse qui est à l’origine d’une attitude de prudence, voire de méfiance, pouvant laisser présager une ruse marketing. Ce doute est susceptible d’extrapoler et de généraliser la perception négative des consommateurs quant au segment des produits verts. L’usage de cet outil peut remettre en question les principes éthiques de l’entreprise. Le manque de justesse des arguments avancés peut être dû aux directives insuffisantes de l’outil et il peut s’avérer ardu pour les industriels de justifier leurs arguments. Cette recherche qualitative aspire à mettre en lumière les procédures d’autodéclaration environnementale. Cet étude de cas multiples souhaite documenter le cheminement des petites et moyennes entreprises du Québec intéressées par ce type de label; pour ce faire, tant les responsables d’entreprises que les conseillers de l’Institut de Développement de Produit sont conviés à des entrevues semi-dirigées. L’analyse des données présente les bénéfices de l’usage de « la double labellisation ». Cette stratégie jumelle les avantages de la certification à ceux de l’autodéclaration. Afin de redorer la réputation de l’autodéclaration, une des solutions proposées est la stratégie de « double labellisation » et ce, ultimement dans l’intention de lui reconnaitre les mérites qui lui reviennent. Parallèlement, la recherche invite le designer industriel à s’impliquer davantage à l’élaboration de la communication, compte tenu de ses compétences et connaissances. / Ubiquitous in the business management’s strategy, environmental issues are a distinctive factor in what drives the manufacturing sector. Taking part in a trend that requires a high level of enthusiasm, environmental concerns of manufactured products are on the rise as of recent. Based on the ideology of sustainable development and on eco-design statements, companies tend to take advantage of environmental properties by using it as a main sales argument. As a result, environmental communication is gaining more and more importance through advertising so-called green marketing. Self-declaration is among these communications tools. Self-declaration is the most permissive tool and allows great freedom to manufacturers. In regard to its flexibility, it lacks guidelines. Therefore, it often results in a miscommunication and a misunderstanding where veracity can be questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument can be the result of the industry’s unwillingness or a good will with pitfalls concerning the comprehension and use of the norm’s guidelines. The opinion of stakeholders is thus divided. Therefore, the reputation of self-declaration has been under the spotlight for sometime. Although being the simplest, cheapest and less time-consuming of all environmental tools, self-declaration is still highly used in the manufacturing industry. As 98 % of Québec’s industry is represented by small businesses (BDC, 2011:1), their reality of having limited resources makes it appropriate to use self-declaration. The popularity of the environmental compliance attracts consumers interest towards green products. However, the global controversy about those tends to impair consumers’ craze. In some cases, it may favor a cautious attitude and suggest a marketing skeems. This is likely to extrapolate and generalize consumers’ negative perceptions towards the entire green products market segment. The companies’ ethical principles are being questioned. The lack of accuracy of the argument due to the tool’s insufficient directives makes it hard to defend their arguments. This qualitative research aims to highlight the self-declaration procedures. This multiples case study document the path of small and medium businesses in Québec concerned with self-declared environmental approaches; both business managers and advisors of the Institute of Product Development are invited to semi-directed interviews. The data analysis presents the benefits of the use of “double labeling”. This strategy combines the benefits of certification and self-declaration. In the process of strategically enhancing the standing of self-declaration, ‘double labelling’ would be an option to adopt, the ultimate goal being a well deserved recognition of its merits. This research invites industrial designers to get more involved in the development of communication, due to their skills and knowledge.