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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

L’imaginaire évolutionniste dans les Mémoires de la Société royale du Canada (1882-1894)

Cadieux, David 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
22

Religião Popular : o que a escola pública tem a ver com isso? Pistas para repensar o ensino de ciências / Popular Religion: what does public school has to do with this? Tips to rethink the science teaching

Lana Claudia de Souza Fonseca 21 June 2005 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O conhecimento científico constituiu-se como hegemônico na história da humanidade, excluindo dos círculos da validade outras formas de conhecimento. Entendendo a religião como uma expressão da cultura popular, representativa do conhecimento das classes populares, questiono a Teoria da Secularização da sociedade moderna, a partir da análise do fenômeno evangélico pelo qual passa o Brasil atualmente. Através destes conhecimentos, utilizando como recorte o ensino de ciências e de forma específica, a tensão entre o ensino do criacionismo e do evolucionismo, estabeleço as possibilidades de superação do preconceito de saberes existente na escola pública e apresento as possibilidades da mesma tornar-se o espaço de um conflito saudável de saberes que, através da dialogicidade, da circularidade de saberes e da dupla ruptura epistemológica, permita um deslocamento do paradigma cartesiano para um paradigma pautado no pensamento complexo, que resulte na construção compartilhada de conhecimentos na escola pública. / The scientific knowledge constitutes itself as hegemonic in the human history excluding from the validity circles other ways of knowledge. Understanding the religion as a expression of popular culture, representative of popular groups knowledge, I question the Secularization Theory of modern society, from analyzing the evangelic phenomenon that Brazil is passing through today. From this knowledge on, using the science teaching as a cutting, and in specific way the tension between the creationism and the evolutionism teaching, I set up the possibilities of overcoming the knowledge prejudice that exists at public schools and show up the possibilities that these schools become a place for a wholesome conflict of knowledge that, through dialogue, knowledge circularity and the epistemological double rupture, allow a movement from the Cartesian paradigm to a paradigm based on a complex thought, resulting into the shared building of knowledge in the public school.
23

Formulações de C. S. Peirce para conceitos-chave do século XIX: o instante e a evolução

Schettini, Mônica Bernardo 03 June 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Bernardo Schettini.pdf: 914993 bytes, checksum: afd8e0ac16f34a69e9b3289fedc8334b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the nineteenth century the industrial uprising and demographic blowing were born, also bearing the first technical means of communication, like the telegraph and photography. Allied to the first printer machines, these means of communication were responsible for the rush in of journalism as also the appearing of the mass medium. At the same time, a revolution arose in the means of transport, that resulted from arose of the steam engine. Meanwhile, great breakages appeared in the artistic and literary world, changing abruptly the old inherited rules from the past. After all, it s a century plenty in great transformations, certainly done in order to follow the conceptual ones. What are the most paradigmatic concepts of these transformations? How Charles Sanders Peirce, certainly the best American thinker by that time, has reacted to them, while creating his own general signs theory, in a remarkable foreseeing the growing proliferation of the signs that would be the twentieth century landmark. These are the central questions of this research. The preliminary studies about history of the ideas during the twentieth century, bring us to the hypothesis that two of the main conceptual tendencies uprising in this century, to increase the value of the instant as a new moment of the time and the theory of evolutionism, have found in Pierces philosophy innovative formulations, whose can supply us the assistance for reading the cultural structures the means of mass communication put on the surface. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to bring the reflection about the likeliness between the Peirce s concept of firstness and the instant concept, as so to make an analysis of the dialog developed between Peirce and the evolutionist thinking, which doesn t remains to the limits of biology, but reach far into in all social extensions: the economics, politics and also the cultural ones. Concerning the fact this is an imminent theoretical search, the method adopted by us was based upon in bibliography research, in the methodological conceptual arrangements and argumentation techniques proper to use in this kind of search. In respect to the subject about instant in the nineteenth century, was assumed as a starting point the Leo Charney s study - Into an Instant: the cinema and the modernity philosophy . This paper brings us an adequate knowledge in respect to prize the instant that emerges in an esthetical field of activity in that period, as a way to rescue a possibility sensorial reply face the transitory and the excess stimuli that appears from modern environment. The conception of firstness developed by Peirce was submitted to an analysis, based upon author s written itself and from contributions based on some commentators, mainly Santaella and Rosensohn. The comparative study between primarily and instant, has show to us both may be known as ruptures to an excess of stimulus provided by modernity, the overwhelming population increase and by modifications of the communication environment, due to the uprising of new means of mass communication and the increase of the subsisted ones. The exam of the aforementioned correspondence was followed by the analysis and interpretation regarding to the Peirce s reflections about evolutionism, in great expansion during the nineteenth century, owing to implications from Darwinism. We have examined the theories established by Peirce, in order to explain the evolutive process, which itself, into the Peirce s perspective not only the live beings but also the nations, institutions and ideas were submitted. The author s writes and those from some of the contemporary ones like Ernest Mayr and Stephen Jay Gould, were the main theory sources from this part of this study / O século XIX viu nascer a produção industrial de bens materiais e a explosão demográfica. Trouxe também à luz os primeiros meios técnicos de comunicação, o telégrafo e a fotografia. Aliados às máquinas impressoras, esses meios foram responsáveis pela explosão do jornal e pelo advento da comunicação de massa. Ao mesmo tempo, revolucionaram-se os meios de transporte acionados pela máquina a vapor. Enquanto isso, surgiam grandes rupturas no mundo da arte e da literatura, subvertendo as regras de representação herdadas do passado. Enfim, trata-se de um século de grandes transformações que se fizeram certamente acompanhar por transformações conceituais. Quais os conceitos mais paradigmáticos dessas transformações? Como Charles Sanders Peirce, sem dúvida, o maior pensador norte-americano do período, reagiu a elas, enquanto criava a sua teoria geral dos signos, numa remarcável antecipação da proliferação crescente de signos que seria a tônica do século XX? Essas são as perguntas centrais propostas por esta pesquisa. Os estudos preliminares sobre a história das idéias do século XIX nos levaram à hipótese de que duas das principais correntes conceituais que emergiram nesse século, a valorização do instante como nova instância do tempo e o evolucionismo encontraram na filosofia de Peirce formulações inovadoras que podem nos fornecer subsídios para a leitura das formações culturais que os meios de comunicação de massa trouxeram à tona. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi trazer à reflexão a semelhança entre a concepção peirceana de primeiridade e o conceito de instante, assim como analisar o diálogo que Peirce desenvolve com o pensamento evolucionista que não se circunscreve aos limites da biologia, mas penetra também em todas as dimensões do social: o econômico, o político e o cultural. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa eminentemente teórica, a metodologia adotada respaldou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica, na sistematização dos conceitos e nas técnicas de argumentação que cabem a esse tipo de pesquisa. Para o tema do instante no século XIX foi tomado como ponto de partida o estudo de Leo Charney - Num instante: o cinema e a filosofia da modernidade . Este trabalho nos fez compreender a valorização do instante que emerge no campo da estética no período oitocentista como uma forma de resgatar a possibilidade de resposta sensorial diante da transitoriedade e do excesso de estímulos do ambiente moderno. A concepção de primeiridade desenvolvida por Peirce foi analisada, a partir dos escritos do próprio autor e das contribuições de alguns de seus comentaristas, principalmente Santaella e Rosensohn. O estudo comparativo entre a primeiridade e o instante revelou-nos que ambos podem ser interpretados como rupturas ao excesso de estímulos da modernidade, engendrados pela explosão demográfica e pela transformação do ambiente comunicacional em função do surgimento de novos meios de comunicação de massa e da expansão dos já existentes. O exame do paralelismo acima exposto foi seguido pela análise e interpretação das reflexões de Peirce sobre o evolucionismo em franca expansão no século XIX, devido às implicações advindas da teoria Darwiniana. Examinamos as teorizações que Peirce estabelece para explicar o processo evolutivo, ao qual, em sua perspectiva, não somente os seres vivos, mas também os Estados, instituições, linguagens e idéias estariam submetidos. Os escritos do autor e de alguns dos principais evolucionistas contemporâneos, especialmente Ernest Mayr e Stephen Jay Gould, foram as principais fontes teóricas desta parte da tese
24

Le corps agrandi : enjeux anthropologiques de la philosophie biologique française de la technique / Extended body : anthropological points of a French biological philosophy of technology

Cazes, Denis Raymond Robert 08 December 2014 (has links)
La philosophie biologique de la technique s'est progressivement constituée depuis un débat d'idées à la fois tributaire des questions du XIXe siècle et d'un fonds philosophique antique. Il en émerge une thèse sur l'action qui fait l'homme civilisé ainsi que sur les sources et attributs de sa mainmise sur le monde à travers les progrès de la technique et l'effet d'agrandissement qui peut en résulter pour le corps individuel et collectif. C'était un programme revendicatif, car il défendait le principe d'une nouvelle pratique de la philosophie et s'installait en position de juge et de substitut de la religion. Contre de tels enjeux, où se croisent originairement des influences allemandes, anglaises et françaises, la philosophie de la technique est entrée en résistance, au risque de perdre de vue plusieurs choses : le sens de sa légitimité philosophique naturelle ; celui de sa vocation à l'interdisciplinarité ; l'accès à un objet latent en elle, le champ définitionnel de l'homme et la question de l'image. reconnaître ce qu'elle est à partir de ce qu'elle fut, demande à la philosophie de la technique : un effort de remise à plat de l'étude des sources dont elle s'est officiellement dotée ; l'élargissement du cercle des autorités ; de se détourner du concordisme ; de résister par l'analyse au préjugé défavorable dont l'accable la critique du naturalisme. C'est à ce prix qu'elle pourra restaurer en elle le sens d'une transition qui devait l'éloigner sans rupture d'un évolutionnisme trop prégnant, tout en préservant son intérêt pour la question de l'homme. En France, une telle mutation se dessine à travers le triangle d'auteurs Bergson, Simondon, Leroi-Gourhan. / Biological philosophy of technics progressively developped rom a debate of ideas depending both on the 19th century's issues and on antique philosophical information holdings. What emerges is a thesis about actions that make a civilized man and about the origins and attributes of his control over the world through technical progress and the magnifying effect that arises as a result for individual or collective systems. it was a ground-breaking program as it was in favour of the principle of a new practice of philosophy and it portayed itself as a judge and a substitute for religion. The philosophy of technics started resisting such challenges which, originally were under German, English and French influence. By doing so it risked losing sight of several aspects : the meaning of its natural philosophical legitimity, that of its vocation for interdisciplinarity, the access to a latent potential inside it, Man's definitional field and the subject of image. Recognizing what the philosophy of technics is from what it used to be requires some conditions : an effort to clarify the study of its official sources, an enlargement of the circle of competent authorities, turning away from concordism, resisting, through analysis, the negative bias poured out over it by the criticism of naturalism. This is the cost at which the philosophy of technics will be able to retsore, in its bosom, a sense of a transition that should move it away, but not cut it from, a too prevalent evolutionism, as well as it should keep its interest for the subject of Man. In France, such a mutation can be observed in a trio of authors : Bergson, Simondon and Leroi-Gourhan.
25

"O avunculado na Antropologia Evolutiva: uma abordagem intercultural" / "The avunculate in the evolutionary anthropology: a cross cultural survey"

Maia, Antonio Carlos do Amaral 28 February 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho se propõe a compreender a variabilidade cultural humana em relação à organização da família por meio das teorias darwinianas da seleção natural e da seleção sexual, e se encontra baseado em evidências vindas da comparação de dados etnográficos. Pretende-se demonstrar que existe uma alteração marcante no comportamento de todos os envolvidos nas relações familiares quando mudam as regras de herança. Essas alterações assim ocorrem porque as regras de herança direcionam o Investimento Parental Masculino (MPI), ora ao sobrinho, ora ao filho. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a variação do MPI modifica de maneira compreensível e previsível as relações familiares em organizações matrilineares e patrilineares. A prova da hipótese será feita por meio da aplicação do método intercultural com pesquisa etnográfica nos bancos de dados do HRAF, e utilizando-se da amostra PSF. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicarão que em sociedades em que o tio tem uma relação afetuosa com seu sobrinho, o marido espanca a mulher; e quando o pai se relaciona de maneira indulgente e amigável com seu filho, irmãos e irmãs se evitam, alinhando esses fatos de maneira que possam ser coerentemente entendidos com a teoria sociobiológica. A riqueza cultural, o sem número de costumes, as tradições, os tabus, as normas explícitas ou ocultas, os aparatos de coerção de toda sorte, as regras sobre herança, casamento, dote, preço da noiva, divisão de trabalho, enfim, todas as regras observadas em todos os agrupamentos humanos podem ser explicadas à luz das seguintes teorias: a) da “seleção de consangüíneos" (Hamilton, 1963), b) do “altruísmo recíproco" (Trivers, 1971), c) do “investimento parental e seleção sexual" (Trivers, 1972), e d) do “conflito entre prole e parentais" (Trivers, 1974). / The present work proposes to account for cultural variability in connection to human family organization, through Darwin’s theories of natural selection and sexual selection. It is also founded on evidence based on the comparison of ethnographic data of diverse human societies. It intends to demonstrate that there is a significant alteration in the behavior of family members when the rules of inheritance of wealth change. These alterations are triggered because the rules of inheritance dictate the MPI – Male Parental Investment – sometimes in the nephew and sometimes in the son. The hypothesis is that this variation in MPI (male investment in either the nephew or the son) modifies family relations in matrilineal and patrilineal organizations in a predictable manner. The role played by MPI in determining family tensions will be shown by applying cross cultural analysis to the data obtained from HRAF (Human Relations Area Files), using PSF (Probability Sample Files). The results of the present work show that societies in which the uncle’s relation with his nephew is affectionate, the husband beats the wife; on the other hand, when the father’s relation with his son is indulgent and friendly, brother and sister avoid each other. This variability of behavior can be coherently explained by sociobiological theory. Cultural wealth: the innumerable customs, the traditions, the taboos, the manifest and hidden norms, the apparatus of coercion, the rules of inheritance, marriage, dowry, bride price, the division of labor, in short, all the rules observed in all human groups can be explained in the light of the following theories: a) ‘kinship selection’ (Hamilton, 1963); b) ‘reciprocal altruism’ (Trivers, 1971; Axelrod, 1981); c) ‘parental investment and sexual selection’ (Trivers, 1972); and d) ‘parentoffspring conflict’ (Trivers, 1974).
26

L'oeuvre de Bertha von Suttner de 1880 à 1897 : une aristocrate autrichienne en rupture avec la tradition / Bertha von Suttner's work beetwen 1880 and 1897 : an austrian aristocrat breaking with the tradition

Marteil, Marie Antoinette 15 June 2012 (has links)
Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) reste connue pour son engagement pacifiste. Son ouvrage Bas les Armes! (1889) lui a valu une grande notoriété mondiale, avant la première guerre mondiale. Son engagement dans le mouvement de la paix qu’elle a contribué à organiser lui a valu le prix Nobel de la paix en 1905. Engagée dans multiples combats, elle est encore méconnue. Où la situer ? Comment caractériser sa lutte pour la paix, l’émancipation des femmes ou la sécularisation de la société, alors qu’émerge en Europe un discours pacifiste et libérateur ? Il importait de mettre en évidence sa rupture face à la tradition et sa position spécifique politiquement non révolutionnaire. Voilà à quoi s’attache la présente thèse, qui s’appuie sur l’analyse inédite des romans et nouvelles à tonalité autobiographique, et qui s’emploie à jeter un éclairage sur l’influence persistante de la philosophie populaire des Lumières allemandes à la fin du XIXe siècle. Ainsi se trouve montrée l’actualité des positions de cette aristocrate novatrice / Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) is well known for her commitment to peace. Her book Lay down your arms! (1889) made her famous before World War First. She becam one of main advocates of the idea of universal peace through the creation of a European suprantional identity. She owes the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to her international fame. But beyond this fight she was committed to the defence of women or against the dogmatism of society and the church. How to define the consistency of her many fights at the very time when a pacifist and emancipating discourse was emerging ? the present thesis, based on a original analysis of the author's novels and short stories with an autobiographical undertone, is driving to light her breaking away from tradition but on a politically not revolutionary way, with the persitent influence of the popular philosophy of the German Enlightenment Age at the end of the XIXth century. The thesis shows the topicality of this innovative aristocrat's positions
27

"O avunculado na Antropologia Evolutiva: uma abordagem intercultural" / "The avunculate in the evolutionary anthropology: a cross cultural survey"

Antonio Carlos do Amaral Maia 28 February 2007 (has links)
O presente trabalho se propõe a compreender a variabilidade cultural humana em relação à organização da família por meio das teorias darwinianas da seleção natural e da seleção sexual, e se encontra baseado em evidências vindas da comparação de dados etnográficos. Pretende-se demonstrar que existe uma alteração marcante no comportamento de todos os envolvidos nas relações familiares quando mudam as regras de herança. Essas alterações assim ocorrem porque as regras de herança direcionam o Investimento Parental Masculino (MPI), ora ao sobrinho, ora ao filho. A hipótese apresentada é a de que a variação do MPI modifica de maneira compreensível e previsível as relações familiares em organizações matrilineares e patrilineares. A prova da hipótese será feita por meio da aplicação do método intercultural com pesquisa etnográfica nos bancos de dados do HRAF, e utilizando-se da amostra PSF. Os resultados do presente trabalho indicarão que em sociedades em que o tio tem uma relação afetuosa com seu sobrinho, o marido espanca a mulher; e quando o pai se relaciona de maneira indulgente e amigável com seu filho, irmãos e irmãs se evitam, alinhando esses fatos de maneira que possam ser coerentemente entendidos com a teoria sociobiológica. A riqueza cultural, o sem número de costumes, as tradições, os tabus, as normas explícitas ou ocultas, os aparatos de coerção de toda sorte, as regras sobre herança, casamento, dote, preço da noiva, divisão de trabalho, enfim, todas as regras observadas em todos os agrupamentos humanos podem ser explicadas à luz das seguintes teorias: a) da “seleção de consangüíneos” (Hamilton, 1963), b) do “altruísmo recíproco” (Trivers, 1971), c) do “investimento parental e seleção sexual” (Trivers, 1972), e d) do “conflito entre prole e parentais” (Trivers, 1974). / The present work proposes to account for cultural variability in connection to human family organization, through Darwin’s theories of natural selection and sexual selection. It is also founded on evidence based on the comparison of ethnographic data of diverse human societies. It intends to demonstrate that there is a significant alteration in the behavior of family members when the rules of inheritance of wealth change. These alterations are triggered because the rules of inheritance dictate the MPI – Male Parental Investment – sometimes in the nephew and sometimes in the son. The hypothesis is that this variation in MPI (male investment in either the nephew or the son) modifies family relations in matrilineal and patrilineal organizations in a predictable manner. The role played by MPI in determining family tensions will be shown by applying cross cultural analysis to the data obtained from HRAF (Human Relations Area Files), using PSF (Probability Sample Files). The results of the present work show that societies in which the uncle’s relation with his nephew is affectionate, the husband beats the wife; on the other hand, when the father’s relation with his son is indulgent and friendly, brother and sister avoid each other. This variability of behavior can be coherently explained by sociobiological theory. Cultural wealth: the innumerable customs, the traditions, the taboos, the manifest and hidden norms, the apparatus of coercion, the rules of inheritance, marriage, dowry, bride price, the division of labor, in short, all the rules observed in all human groups can be explained in the light of the following theories: a) ‘kinship selection’ (Hamilton, 1963); b) ‘reciprocal altruism’ (Trivers, 1971; Axelrod, 1981); c) ‘parental investment and sexual selection’ (Trivers, 1972); and d) ‘parentoffspring conflict’ (Trivers, 1974).
28

The Teaching Heart of J.A. Zahm, C.S.C.

Griggs, Rachael Kimberly January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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