The chondrichthyan (shark, batoid and holocephalan) bycatch of the Queensland East Coast Trawl Fishery (ECTF) was examined through a series of fishery-independent trawl surveys, together with fishery-dependent (opportunistic) sampling. Project aims were to document the chondrichthyan bycatch composition in order to test the effectiveness of turtle exclusion devices (TEDs) and bycatch reduction devices (BRDs), to examine biological aspects of bycatch species, and to combine data collected through these parts to assess the conservation status and sustainability of bycatch species. A total of 37 chondrichthyan species (one holocephalan, 19 batoids and 17 sharks) from 18 families were recorded in the bycatch of the fishery. The most speciose families recorded were the stingrays (Dasyatidae; 7 species), the requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae; 5 species), the catsharks (Scyliorhinidae; 4 species) and the stingarees (Urolophidae; 3 species). Chondrichthyan bycatch was highly variable between fishery sectors; catch rates were low in the tiger/Endeavour prawn sector (north Queensland; 0.02–0.12 individuals ha-1 trawled) and in the eastern king prawn (deepwater) sector (southern Queensland; 0.08 individuals ha-1 trawled), intermediate in Hervey Bay (southern Queensland; 0.25 individuals ha-1 trawled) and in the scallop sector (central Queensland coast; 0.31 individuals ha-1 trawled) and highest in the eastern king prawn (shallow water) sector (southern Queensland; 0.96 individuals ha-1 trawled). Chondrichthyan bycatch in the eastern king prawn (shallow water) sector was dominated by the three batoids Aptychotrema rostrata, Trygonoptera testacea and Urolophus kapalensis (~92% of the chondrichthyan bycatch by number), in the eastern king prawn (deepwater) sector by the skate Dipturus polyommata and the two catsharks Asymbolus rubiginosus and Figaro boardmani (~83% of the chondrichthyan bycatch by number), in the scallop sector by the three batoids A. rostrata, Neotrygon kuhlii and Neotrygon picta (~91% of the chondrichthyan bycatch by number), and in the tiger/Endeavour prawn sector by the two batoids Himantura astra and Gymnura australis and the two sharks Chiloscyllium punctatum and Hemigaleus australiensis (~67% of the chondrichthyan bycatch by number). The testing of TEDs and BRDs, which are mandatory throughout the fishery, demonstrated only a limited ability to reduce chondrichthyan bycatch in the ECTF, which is comprised mainly of relatively small species. The shorter trawl durations of the surveys compared with normal commercial activities may have under-represented larger species. No significant reductions in chondrichthyan bycatch were found using a TED and a radial escape section BRD in the eastern king prawn (shallow water) sector, using a TED and a square-mesh codend BRD in the eastern king prawn (deepwater) sector, or using a TED and a fisheye BRD in Hervey Bay. There was however, a significant difference in the probability of capturing the group ‘sharks and guitarfishes’ (comprised largely of A. rostrata) between codend types in the scallop sector, with the lowest probability of capture in nets fitted with both a TED and a square-mesh codend BRD (the difference was largely attributed to the effects of the TED). In the tiger/Endeavour prawn sector, in which three different BRDs were trialed (fisheye, square-mesh codend, square-mesh panel), the probability of capturing chondrichthyans was significantly lower in nets fitted with a fisheye BRD than in the standard (control) net, and the probability of capturing batoids was significantly lower in nets fitted with a fisheye BRD or with a square-mesh codend BRD than in the standard (control) net. The small sample size of chondrichthyan catches in some sectors may have reduced to power to detect bycatch reduction. The biology of several bycatch species from the families Rajidae, Rhinobatidae, Urolophidae and Scyliorhinidae was examined. For D. polyommata, size at birth was estimated at ~100–110 mm total length (LT), size at first feeding at ~105–110mm LT, size at 50% maturity (LT50 and 95% CI) at 321 (305–332) mm LT for females and 300 (285–306) mm LT for males. Diet (described by the index of relative importance as a percentage) was predominantly crustacean based, with carid shrimps (53.6%) and penaeoid prawns (23.3%) being the most significant prey groups. For A. rostrata, size at birth was estimated at <170 mm LT, size at 50% maturity (LT50 and 95% CI) at 640 (618–663) mm LT for females and 597 (551–649) mm LT for males, and litter size was 9–20 (n = 9; mean ± S.E. = 15.1 ± 1.2). For T. testacea, size at birth was estimated at 77–100 mm disc width (WD), size at 50% maturity (WD50 and 95% CI) at 163 (156–169) mm WD for females and 146 (140–150) mm WD for males, and litter size was always one (n = 6). For U. kapalensis, size at birth was estimated at 75–100 mm WD, size at 50% maturity (WD50 and 95% CI) at 154 (145–160) mm WD for females and 155 (149–159) mm WD for males, and litter size was always one (n = 16). The catsharks A. analis, A. rubiginosus and F. boardmani were all confirmed as single oviparous species (carrying only one egg case in each uterus at one time). Ovarian fecundity (the number of vitellogenic follicles) averaged 13.6 (range 13–20) in A. analis, 13.5 (range 5–23) in A. rubiginosus and 10.4 (range 9–13) in F. boardmani. While only limited data were available from southern Queensland, several indicators suggest that Asymbolus catsharks are reproductively active year-round. A general lack of small-sized or immature catsharks captured during the study made assessments of size at maturity difficult for these species. The conservation status of ECTF bycatch species was examined through the application of the IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM Categories and Criteria, which considers extinction risk at the global level. Of the 24 ECTF chondrichthyan bycatch species evaluated against the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, four have been assessed globally as Vulnerable (a threatened category indicating that a species is ‘facing a high risk of extinction in the wild’), seven as Near Threatened, 11 as Least Concern and two as Data Deficient. While the four globally threatened species (A. nichofii, Heteroscyllium colcloughi, Rhynchobatus australiae and Urolophus sufflavus) were only minor components of the ECTF bycatch, their global conservation status warrants that fisheries management and industry should act to ensure minimal impacts on these species. An ecological risk assessment method (Susceptibility-Recovery Analysis) was used to assess the relative sustainability or risk of individual species to the fishing activities of the ECTF. Two separate approaches were taken to the technique, which considers sustainability to be dependent on the susceptibility of a species to the fishery and the recovery potential of a species after depletion by fishing activities. The first approach applied the precautionary principal when data were lacking for the calculation of recovery attributes, while the second used biological data from similar species when species-specific data were lacking. The precautionary approach tended to overestimate risk to poorly known oviparous species. The biological approach suggested that A. nichofii, F. boardmani, Rhizoprionodon acutus, Rhizoprionodon taylori and Rhynchobatus palpebratus face the least risk (i.e. were the most sustainable) while several medium-large batoids and the sharks Loxodon macrorhinus and Heteroscyllium colcloughi were the species most at risk (i.e. least sustainable). Demonstrating ecological sustainability of the ECTF will need to be a continued management objective into the future. To further improve the ecological sustainability of the fishery in relation to sharks, batoids and holocephalans, a number of management recommendations are proposed: (1) give warranted conservation consideration to listed threatened species as well as species identified as being at risk; (2) expand required logbook information on chondrichthyan species to include recording of catches of these species; (3) encourage safe release practices for all chondrichthyans to maximise survivorship of discards; (4) initiate research into the survivorship of discards; (5) ensure long-term observer coverage on commercial vessels to monitor bycatch levels; and, (6) test and quantify reduced TED bar spacings (presently 120 mm) in fishery sectors which show the highest chondrichthyan bycatch levels, that is, the eastern king prawn (shallow water) and scallop sectors.

Thèses (M.A.)--Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2004. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 20 juin 2006). Publié aussi en version papier.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, School of Physics, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-174)

No description available.

On January 7th, 2015, two gunmen attacked the Paris offices of French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. Later identified as two French brothers of Algerian descent linked to Al-Qaeda, the shooting was perceived as a targeted and deliberate attack on the freedom of speech. Millions throughout the world declared "Je suis Charlie," in solidarity with the victims and in defense of free speech. Critics argued back and forth over whether Charlie Hebdo's right to free speech is in fact absolute, or if it's content could be considered hate speech. This thesis offers an alternative angle to this discourse, and that is a discussion on the narratives of French identity at play within the Je suis Charlie movement. What did it mean to declare oneself Charlie? Who was not Charlie, and why? These are the questions I seek to answer in my thesis by placing the event within the historical context of French Enlightenment, Revolution, and colonialism.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze teachers approach to multilingual children's behavior in certain situations. I will also explore the educator’s attitude and approach toward the situation where children who are excluded by other peers, because of the peers use of divergent language. I choose qualitative interview as method, interviewing seven teachers working at pre-schools, with chosen choice I expect to gain insight into the teacher's reasoning behind their approach and strategy towards situations where children use other language than Swedish. The results shed light on several interesting factors that determined how the educator responded to the forth mentioned situation. The general perception at pre-schools is that multilingual children should be given space to use their native tongue, as this flourishes their language developments. We can also find basis for this when reading the official pre-school steering documents, the Swedish curriculum, Läroplanen. What this document lack though is presenting solutions how the educators can work constructively with the children. It's rather encouraged for each school to discuss their own methods and approaches as a team. My conclusion is that there is no blue print to follow for solving these situations, the educator's conduct and strategy is based on individual experience and situational. But a common thread that emerged in my research is that all educators expressed the importance to acknowledge all children and involve them in the activities regardless of language, it is the teacher’s duty to support and to be present as the children will need pedagogical support in this matter. Not to forget though, that teachers are frequently faced with situations where they have to decide whose rights to prioritize; the single child who ends up alone outside the peers group and lose his/her entitlement based on the norm "everyone should be involved" or the playing children who is doing nothing but employing their rights to speak in their mother language?

The purpose of this essay is to contribute with further knowledge to why woman have a hard time making a career to a top postition. Our main focus is to examine and explain how inclusion and exclusion of individuals are present at an organizational level and within in the relationships among people within and between organisations. By studying inclusion and exclusion we hope to understand how these can work as difficulties and how they’re present when woman proceed to a top position within organizations. Our results helps us understand that exclusion at the organizational level is due to the fact that there is someone else who has the authority to promote you. We also found a tendency that networking within and between organizations can make it difficult for women due to the fact that most of our woman must develop relationsships to men who are more likely to be in a top position. Within the relationship aspect we find tendencies that show that there has been a great deal of men with the power to promote others and men are more likely to choose other men in to leading positions.

Denna uppsats belyser oavsiktliga konsekvenser som kan uppstå när skolpersonal rekommenderar läsvänliga böcker som skildrar utanförskap. Uppsatsen ämnar söka svar på om skolans pedagogiska åtgärd att rekommendera läsvänliga böcker kan ses som en oavsiktlig symbolisk våldföring samt undersöka vilka etiska dilemman som kan uppstå på grund av att böckerna skildrar utanförskap. Pierre Bourdieu och Jean-Claude Passerons teori om symboliskt våld och Donald Broadys teori om ”Den dolda läroplanen” visar att det finns en maktutövning mellan elever och lärare. Robert K. Mertons teori om oavsiktliga konsekvenser visar vilka konsekvenser som kan uppstå till följd av målmedvetna sociala handlingar. Den tidigare forskning som presenteras i uppsatsen pekar bland annat på att ungdomar ser ett samband mellan skolmisslyckanden och socialt utanförskap. Efter textanalys av Kim Olins bokserie samt blogginlägg skrivna av lärare och skolbibliotekarier har resultaten visat att tillhandahållandet av denna typ av läsvänlig litteratur kan ses som en form av symbolisk våldföring samt att det finns ett etiskt dilemma i böckernas innehåll i relation till den tänkta läsaren. / The aim of this essay is to seek an answer to if a schools educational measures in their recommendation of reader-friendly books can be seen as an utterance of symbolic violence and to examine what kind of ethical dilemmas can arise from a book that portrays social exclusion. Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron’s theories of symbolic violence and Donald Broady’s theory of the hidden curriculum show that teachers wield and exercise a kind of power against and in relation to their students. Robert K. Merton’s theory about unintended consequences exemplifies the kinds of consequences that purposive social action can have. Previous research presented in this essay show that young people often see a correlation between academic failures and social exclusion. After a textual analysis of Kim Olin’s book series about Simon, and blog posts written by teachers and school librarians, our results show that a provision of this type of reader-friendly literature can be seen as an action of symbolic violence against the reciever, and that there is an ethical dilemma to be found in the books subject matter in relation to the intended reader.

Orientador: Pedro Paulo Scandiuzzi / Banca: Claude Lépine / Banca: Mari de Nazaré Baiocchi / Banca: Marcos Serzedello / Banca: Débora Cristina Jeffey / Resumo: A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida na comunidade do Riachão, que tem mais de 250 anos de existência, de vida autônoma e de contato com as culturas da sociedade nacional. A escolha dessa comunidade se deu pelo fato de se tratar de uma comunidade que vive fora dos padrões sociais condicionantes daquilo que, até pouco tempo, era conhecido como único modelo de civilização. Ela buscou sua fundamentação teórica na Etnomatemática, que estuda as várias maneiras de explicar e de entender os distintos contextos naturais e socioeconômicos, diferenciados no tempo e no espaço. Reflete o que o olhar limitado permitiu observar e interpretar de forma transcultural e holística acerca do que esses saberes/fazeres representam para a construção do ser Kalunga. Usando as técnicas de caráter etnográfico, procurei analisar o desenvolvimento dessa organização, levando em consideração seus aspectos históricos, sociais e circunstanciais. Assim, esta pesquisa possui algumas das características dos estudos antropológicos, cuja prática essencial é a etnografia dos efeitos do contato da cultura com outras culturas no âmago de seu dinamismo cultural. Sua proposta é: observar a produção de conhecimento surgida da necessidade que a comunidade tem de se estabelecer de modo independente e, nessa dinâmica de produção de conhecimento, verificar o processo de difusão dessa cultura, estudar os hábitos alimentares, vestuários, dança, pinturas, artesanatos, rituais religiosos, etc. fazendo emergir as matemáticas produzidas e, ainda, descrever o processo educacional da criança Kalunga que habita o Riachão. / Abstract: The present research was developed in the community of Riachão, that has more than 250 years of existence, of autonomous life and of contact with the cultures of the national society. The choice of that community was because the fact of being a community that lives out of the patterns social stipulated of that that, until little time, it was known as the only civilization model. It looked for her theoretical justify in Ethnomatemathics, that studies the several ways to explain and of understanding the different natural contexts and socioeconomics, differentiated in the time and in the space. It reflect the vision that the limited glance allowed to observe and to interpret in the cultural dynamics, of form holistic, those that know-how represents for the construction of the Kalunga being. Using the techniques of character ethnographic, I tried to analyze the development of that organization, taking into their account aspects historical, social and incidental. Thus, this research possesses some of the characteristics of the anthropological studies, whose essential practice is the ethnography of the effects of the contact of the culture with other cultures in the heart of cultural dynamism. Her proposal is: to observe the emerged knowledge production of the need that the community has to establish in an independent way and, in that dynamics of knowledge production, to verify the process of diffusion of that culture, to study the alimentary habits, clothings, dances, paintings, crafts, religious rituals, etc., making to emerge the produced mathematics and, still, to describe the process educational of the child Kalunga child that inhabits Riachão. / Mestre

Submitted by FRANÇOISE WILHELM FONTENELE E VASCONCELOS PACHECO null (bragafontenele@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-10T12:36:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE FINAL - FRANÇOISE FONTENELE - 2016.pdf: 9576585 bytes, checksum: f8be0de87259129b0cfb98f3dd319f19 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-13T11:47:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pacheco_fwfv_dr_rcla.pdf: 9576585 bytes, checksum: f8be0de87259129b0cfb98f3dd319f19 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T11:47:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pacheco_fwfv_dr_rcla.pdf: 9576585 bytes, checksum: f8be0de87259129b0cfb98f3dd319f19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Os Bancos Comunitários de Desenvolvimento são uma alternativa para a exclusão financeira, além de funcionarem como agentes impulsionadores do crescimento de pequenos territórios, quando devidamente configurados e entendidos dentro da perspectiva da Economia Solidária. No Brasil, a exclusão financeira ainda esta presente na forma de “sub bancarização”, principalmente nos pequenos municípios. Entre os prejuízos dessa, a falta de acesso ao crédito e aos demais serviços financeiros, provoca muitas vezes uma migração da renda dos municípios desprovidos desses serviços para outros, que os possuam. Isso provoca a diminuição da circulação de dinheiro nos municípios “sub bancarizados” e compromete o comércio local. O município de São João do Arraial-PI tem em 2007 a implantação do Banco Comunitário dos Cocais, uma ação mediada pela ação política local e apoiada pela maioria da população. A atuação do Banco no município proporcionou ganhos relativos ao alcance de serviços financeiros e acesso ao crédito solidário de “consumo”, por meio da moeda social “Cocal”, possibilitando maior circulação do dinheiro no município. Assim, este trabalho objetiva identificar as representações sociais construídas pela população e representantes de empreendimentos locais de São João do Arraial-PI, acerca da atuação do Banco dos Cocais no município, bem como a inserção deste por meio da moeda social “Cocal”. Para tal, fez-se pesquisa analítica-descritiva, utilizando-se de formulários, com os quais entrevistou-se 99 representantes de empreendimentos locais e 326 sujeitos constituintes da população. Para o estudo das representações sociais utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011) e da estatística com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS. A construção territorial do município foi realizada por meio de pesquisa em documentos e entrevistas com moradores antigos. O trabalho mostrou que o Banco dos Cocais tem sua representação social fortemente ancorada na imagem de um correspondente bancário, muitas vezes sendo solicitado a agir como tal. A figura do Banco está mais representada na expectativa de benefícios individuais, em detrimento dos coletivos, o que prejudica a construção do território solidário. Este, por sua vez, ocupa uma dimensão espacial efetiva, em termos numéricos, mas ainda insuficiente em termos qualitativos, no sentido da compreensão do ideal de um Banco Comunitário. / The development of community banks are an alternative to financial exclusion fleeing the bank traditional model of the National Financial System (SFN), boosters and agents growth of small territories, when properly configured and understood from the perspective of Solidarity Economy. In Brazil, financial exclusion is still present in the form of "sub banking", especially in small municipalities. Among the losses that the lack of access to credit and other financial services, often causes a migration of the income of municipalities deprived of financial institutions for others that have, causing poor circulation of money in the city and committing local businesses . The municipality of São João do Arraial-PI has in 2007 the implementation of the Community Bank of Cocais, an action mediated by the local political action and supported by the majority of the population. The activities of the Bank in the city provided gains for the achievement of financial services and access to mutual credit, offered in form of "consumption" through social currency "Cocal", allowing greater circulation of money in the city. This work identified the social representations built by the population and representatives of local enterprises of São João do Arraial-PI, about the role of the Bank of Cocais in the municipality as well as the insertion of this through social currency "Cocal". The research is analytical and descriptive, and used forms, with whom was interviewed 99 representatives of local enterprises and 326 subjects constituents of the population. For the study of social representations we used content analysis (Bardin, 2011) and statistics with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS. The territorial construction of the city was carried out through research on documents and interviews with former residents. The work showed that the Bank of Cocais has its strongly anchored social representation in the image of a correspondent bank, often being asked to act like it. The figure of the Bank is more represented in anticipation of individual benefits, the collectives. The social currency is accepted by all municipal trader, and only 7 people in the population do not use it. Thus having a penetration of 100% in the municipality, but keeping restrictions on its use, by some.