The thesis analyzes an expert in social (institutional) relations that constitute the organizational and institutional background of Forensic Expertise as part of forensic engineering. The work explains the terminology and definitions used, with the greatest attention is paid to the analysis of the conditions for the exercise of expert activities from different perspectives (in particular legal and economic). Is discussed in detail in particular the status of expert institutes, and in all contexts: both in terms of expertise and its guarantee, as well as in terms of responsibility processors appraisal institute. Further describes the work of existing associations and experts estimated their future development. An important part of the work is a comparison of the conditions for the exercise of expert activities (advantages and disadvantages) in selected European countries: Slovak Republic, England and Austria. Based on the findings in the final section are designed and justified by changes in the conditions and rules for the performance of expert activities and other related aspects.

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The first chapter describes the situation of the use of industrial robots in the market of machine-building production. The sales volumes of modern robots are considered depending on the industries where they are applied. Comparative statistics on the implementation of robots for performing various operations are also given. The level of robotization in Russia and in the world is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages associated with the introduction of robots into enterprises are revealed. In the second chapter, the topic of flexible production systems is discussed. The existing systems for designing flexible machining modules are evaluated. It also provides a definition of risk, its evaluation. The types of risks were identified during the implementation of the robotic machine module at the enterprise of the machine-building complex. Methods for determining the magnitude of risks are presented. The third chapter presents the most commonly used tools for risk analysis. The main features of the expert assessment method are considered in details. The sequence of actions of the expert survey is presented. On the basis of the chosen method, an order of actions for assessing the risks of the robotic modules presented in the second chapter of the CAD algorithms was developed. Visual images based on summary tables of each CAD algorithm are constructed. Measures to eliminate intolerable risks are suggested. The master's thesis consists of an explanatory note of 80 pages, 18 figures, 11 tables and includes an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, a list of sources used, consisting of 35 titles, and three appendixes. / В 1-й главе описывается ситуация применения промышленных роботов на рынке машиностроительного производства. Рассмотрены объемы продаж современных роботов в зависимости от отраслей, где они применяются. Также была приведена сравнительная статистика по реализации роботов для выполнения различных операций. Проанализирован уровень роботизации в России и в мире. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки, связанные с внедрением роботов на предприятия. Во 2-й главе затрагивается тема гибких производственных систем. Осуществляется оценка существующих систем проектирования гибких модулей механообработки. Также дается определение риска, его оценки. Были выявлены виды рисков при внедрении роботизированного станочного модуля на предприятии машиностроительного комплекса. Приводятся методы для определения величины рисков. В 3-й главе представлены наиболее часто используемые инструменты для анализа рисков. Рассмотрены более подробно основные особенности метода экспертных оценок. Представлена последовательность действий экспертного опроса. На основе выбранного метода был разработан порядок действий оценки рисков приведенных во второй главе алгоритмов САПР роботизированных модулей. Построены наглядные изображения на основе сводных таблиц каждого алгоритма САПР. Предложены мероприятия по устранению непереносимых рисков. Магистерская диссертация состоит из пояснительной записки объемом 80 страниц, 18 рисунков, 11 таблиц и включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников, состоящий из 35 наименований, а также три приложения.

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This thesis contains pioneer work in Sweden which contributes to the research on cybersecurity teaching within the Technology subject as formulated in the course and subject governing documents.The work goes in line with a bigger strategy of the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) and the European Union (EU). A discourse analysis was performed on the interviews with four Swedish expertsfrom MSB, Internetstiftelsen, and #290CyberSecurity respectively where the interview questions were formulated around three axes; the first axis was the cybersecurity content and knowledge aimed at young individuals, the second axis was the experts’ views on teaching cybersecurity starting from lower secondary schools, and the third axis was regarding platforms or tools that could be used in cybersecurity teaching and what the experts’ perceptions on them are. The analysis resulted in six different codes and formulated the views of the experts. Content analysis was also performed on information from the experts’ organizations which were 14 security documents and reports in total that resulted in a content frame of ten cybersecurity areas. All the ten areas were found to be related to the keywords that appear in the governing documents of the Technology subjects in the course syllabus for grades 7-9 and the subject syllabus for Technology 1. Current cyber attacks and risks threatening young students were further analyzed under each area to narrow down the content frame tailoring it to young students. A new online evaluation tool was then developed to assess the cybersecurity sensibility of the young students. The formulation of the questions was inspired by the SANS cybersecurity awareness survey as well as based on both, the ten cybersecurity areas that are categorized in this thesis and the different scenarios of risks and cybersecurity attacks threatening young students. Domain SamplingTheory (DST) and scenario-based questions were considered to make the tool more fitting for the young and minimize the errors. The tool tested a random group of 250 students from 12 municipalities where110 were in the sixth grade and 140 in the ninth. The tool showed that despite students spending most of their time online using different devices and applications, they are not secure enough which puts them at risk. Moreover, most of the students were interested in getting cybersecurity education and very few received it in schools even though the cybersecurity requirements are stated in the governing documents of the Technology subject. / Detta examensarbete innehåller banbrytande arbete i Sverige vilket bidrar till forskningen om cybersäkerhetsundervisning inom teknikämnet i svenska skolor. Arbetet går i linje med en större strategi från Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) och Europeiska unionen (EU). En diskursanalys utfördes på intervjuerna med fyra svenska experter från MSB, Internetstiftelsen och #290CyberSecurity där intervjufrågorna formulerades runt tre axlar; den första axeln var cybersäkerhetsinnehållet som är riktad mot unga individer, den andra axeln var experternas syn på undervisning i cybersäkerhet som börjar från grundskolorna, och den tredje axeln gällde de plattformar eller verktyg som kunde användas i cybersäkerhetundervisning samt vad experternas uppfattning om dem är. Analysen av intervjuer resulterade i sex olika koder vilket speglar experters åsikter. Innehållsanalys utfördes också på information från experternas organisationer. Det var totalt 14 säkerhetsdokument och rapporter som resulterade i en innehållsram med tio cybersäkerhetsområden. Alla de tio områdena är relaterade till nyckelorden som finns i styrdokumenten för teknikämnena i kursplanen för årskurs 7-9 och ämnesplanen för Teknik 1. Aktuella cyberattacker och risker som hotar unga elever analyserades vidare under varje område för att begränsa innehållsramen och anpassa den för unga elever. Ett nytt online utvärderingsverktyg utvecklades sedan för att bedöma cybersäkerhetsrespons och attityd hos de unga eleverna. Formuleringen av frågorna inspirerades av SANS cybersäkerhetsmedvetenhetsundersökning och var baserad på de tio cybersäkerhetsområdena som kategoriseras i detta examensarbete samt de olika scenarierna för risker och cybersäkerhetsattacker som hotar unga elever. Domain Sampling Theory (DST) och scenariobaserade frågor ansågs göra verktyget mer passande för de unga och minimera felen. Verktyget testade en slumpmässig grupp på 250 elever från 12 kommuner där 110 gick i 6:an och 140 i 9:an. Verktyget visade att trots att elever tillbringar större delen av sin tid online med olika enheter och applikationer är de inte tillräckligt säkra, vilket utgör en risk för dem. Dessutom var majoriteten av eleverna intresserade av att få utbildning i cybersäkerhet och väldigt få fick det i skolorna trots att det står i styrdokumenten för teknikämnet.

In dieser Forschungsarbeit werden Lebensgemeinschaften (LGs) untersucht, die als Lebensgemeinschaft Jugendarbeit betreiben. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es, Chancen und Grenzen dieser LG Jugendarbeit aufzuzeigen, missionale Jugendarbeit zu sein, um sie für die klassische Jugendarbeit fruchtbar zu machen. Hierfür werden anhand des aktuellen Forschungsstands zunächst entscheidende Begrifflichkeiten je nach Fachgebiet theologisch oder pädagogisch beleuchtet. Danach werden die zu untersuchenden LGs und deren Arbeit konzeptionell vorgestellt. Anschließend erfolgt die Darstellung der Planung und Durchführung des Forschungsprozesses anhand des empirisch-theologischen Praxiszyklus (ETP). Dem folgend werden die Ergebnisse der auf neun qualitativen Interviews basierenden Analyse nach dem Prinzip der Grounded Theory dargestellt. Diese Ergebnisse werden anschließend mit den theologischen und pädagogischen Erkenntnissen der aktuellen Forschung zum Thema zusammengeführt, um Thesen für eine missionale Jugendarbeit zu formulieren. Diese Thesen sollen einen Beitrag zur missionalen Diskussion im besonderen Hinblick auf gesellschaftsrelevante Jugendarbeit leisten. / This research study examines Christian communities which are, as community, involved in youth ministry. It is the objective of this investigation to reveal the potential and limits of these youth ministries as they attempt to be missional, and to utilise the results to make more traditional forms of youth ministry more effective. For this purpose, essential terms will first be theologically or pedagogically analysed, depending on the subject area examined and according to the current state of research. Then, the studied communities and their ministry will be conceptually presented. Subsequently, the planning and implementation of the research process, according to the Empirical-Theological Praxis Cycle (ETP), will be described. Following this, the results of the analysis, based on nine qualitative interviews conducted according to the principles of Grounded Theory, will be portrayed. These results will then be brought together with the theological and pedagogical insights of current research on the topic, in order to produce propositions for a missional youth ministry. These propositions aims to offer a contribution to the missional debate with particular reference to socially relevant forms of youth ministry. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Text in English / The literature review indicated similarities between education and chess playing and possible transfer of knowledge between these two different domains. A link was then suggested between some aspects of intellectual abilities and chess instruction in children, but not in adults (Frydman & Lynn, 1992; Waters, Doll & Mayr, 1987). In this research study the aim was to explore the relationship between chess playing and cognitive and intellectual development in Grade R learners at Garsieland. Therefore the positive influence that chess playing brings to bear on the intelligence of 64 Grade R learners (as measured on intelligence scales) was investigated. The data was collected through short biographical questionnaires and psychometric tests and the participants in both groups were assessed on two occasions. The study suggested that chess instruction exerted a positive (small) effect on Performance intelligence and subsequently on the Global scale of the Junior South African Intelligence Scales. The children in both groups also exhibited improved cognitive development after the 40 week period during 2009. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

German text / Die gesellschaftliche Relevanz des diakonischen Handelns eines regionalen deutschen Gemeinschaftsverbandes wird in dieser Forschungsarbeit qualitativ erforscht. Diese explorative Studie soll die Gesellschaftsrelevanz diakonischen Handelns, Entwicklungen diakonischer Praxis und ganz grundlegend das Verständnis von Diakonie in diesem Gemeinschaftsverband erschließen. Nach einer auf praktisch-theologische und kirchengeschichtliche Aspekte fokussierten Einleitung werden mittels des empirisch-theologischen Praxiszyklus sowohl Planung und Durchführung, als auch die Ergebnisse qualitativer Interviews dargestellt. Zehn Experteninterviews waren Teil der Hauptforschung. Unter Anwendung der Grounded Theory ließen sich nach mehreren unterschiedlichen Codiervorgängen sechs Typologien diakonischer Gesellschaftsrelevanz herausarbeiten. Die sechs herausgearbeiteten Typen wurden in einer 3x3-Matrix angeordnet, mit den Koordinaten Diakonische Gesellschaftsrelevanz (minimal - zunehmend - profiliert) und Eschatologie (negativ - neutral - positiv). Impulse zur Weiterentwicklung der diakonischen Grunddimension in diesem Gemeinschaftsverband werden abschließend auf Grundlage der Forschungsergebnisse gegeben. / This research analyses the relevance of diaconal action of a regional German community association in its social environment. The explorative study aims to give insight into the social relevance, developments in diaconal practice and the general understanding of diaconia prevalent in this brethren association. After an introduction focusing on practical theology and church history, the study concentrates on the planning, implementation and results of interviews applying the empirical-theological practice cycle. These interviews with ten experts were part of the main research. Through applying the grounded theory, six typologies of diaconal relevance in society emerged from several coding processes. These types were arranged in a 3x3 matrix showing diaconal relevance for society (minimal – increasing – prominent) and eschatology (negative – neutral – positive) as coordinates. The research results formed the basis of ideas presented for further development of the sphere of diaconal action in this community association. / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

L'objectif de cette thèse est de présenter différentes applications du programme de recherche de calcul conditionnel distribué. On espère que ces applications, ainsi que la théorie présentée ici, mènera à une solution générale du problème d'intelligence artificielle, en particulier en ce qui a trait à la nécessité d'efficience. La vision du calcul conditionnel distribué consiste à accélérer l'évaluation et l'entraînement de modèles profonds, ce qui est très différent de l'objectif usuel d'améliorer sa capacité de généralisation et d'optimisation. Le travail présenté ici a des liens étroits avec les modèles de type mélange d'experts. Dans le chapitre 2, nous présentons un nouvel algorithme d'apprentissage profond qui utilise une forme simple d'apprentissage par renforcement sur un modèle d'arbre de décisions à base de réseau de neurones. Nous démontrons la nécessité d'une contrainte d'équilibre pour maintenir la distribution d'exemples aux experts uniforme et empêcher les monopoles. Pour rendre le calcul efficient, l'entrainement et l'évaluation sont contraints à être éparse en utilisant un routeur échantillonnant des experts d'une distribution multinomiale étant donné un exemple. Dans le chapitre 3, nous présentons un nouveau modèle profond constitué d'une représentation éparse divisée en segments d'experts. Un modèle de langue à base de réseau de neurones est construit à partir des transformations éparses entre ces segments. L'opération éparse par bloc est implémentée pour utilisation sur des cartes graphiques. Sa vitesse est comparée à deux opérations denses du même calibre pour démontrer le gain réel de calcul qui peut être obtenu. Un modèle profond utilisant des opérations éparses contrôlées par un routeur distinct des experts est entraîné sur un ensemble de données d'un milliard de mots. Un nouvel algorithme de partitionnement de données est appliqué sur un ensemble de mots pour hiérarchiser la couche de sortie d'un modèle de langage, la rendant ainsi beaucoup plus efficiente. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est au centre de la vision de calcul conditionnel distribué émis par Yoshua Bengio. Elle tente d'appliquer la recherche dans le domaine des mélanges d'experts aux modèles profonds pour améliorer leur vitesse ainsi que leur capacité d'optimisation. Nous croyons que la théorie et les expériences de cette thèse sont une étape importante sur la voie du calcul conditionnel distribué car elle cadre bien le problème, surtout en ce qui concerne la compétitivité des systèmes d'experts. / The objective of this paper is to present different applications of the distributed conditional computation research program. It is hoped that these applications and the theory presented here will lead to a general solution of the problem of artificial intelligence, especially with regard to the need for efficiency. The vision of distributed conditional computation is to accelerate the evaluation and training of deep models which is very different from the usual objective of improving its generalization and optimization capacity. The work presented here has close ties with mixture of experts models. In Chapter 2, we present a new deep learning algorithm that uses a form of reinforcement learning on a novel neural network decision tree model. We demonstrate the need for a balancing constraint to keep the distribution of examples to experts uniform and to prevent monopolies. To make the calculation efficient, the training and evaluation are constrained to be sparse by using a gater that samples experts from a multinomial distribution given examples. In Chapter 3 we present a new deep model consisting of a sparse representation divided into segments of experts. A neural network language model is constructed from blocks of sparse transformations between these expert segments. The block-sparse operation is implemented for use on graphics cards. Its speed is compared with two dense operations of the same caliber to demonstrate and measure the actual efficiency gain that can be obtained. A deep model using these block-sparse operations controlled by a distinct gater is trained on a dataset of one billion words. A new algorithm for data partitioning (clustering) is applied to a set of words to organize the output layer of a language model into a conditional hierarchy, thereby making it much more efficient. The work presented in this thesis is central to the vision of distributed conditional computation as issued by Yoshua Bengio. It attempts to apply research in the area of mixture of experts to deep models to improve their speed and their optimization capacity. We believe that the theory and experiments of this thesis are an important step on the path to distributed conditional computation because it provides a good framework for the problem, especially concerning competitiveness inherent to systems of experts.