Résumé Le but de cette recherche est de comprendre le conflit de loyauté chez les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale lorsque les parents sont séparés. Le premier objectif vise à décrire le contexte relationnel de l’enfant avec son père et sa mère. Le second objectif cherche à évaluer la présence et à décrire, le cas échéant, la nature du conflit de loyauté et ses conséquences chez l’enfant. Un troisième objectif porte sur l’identification de sous-groupes d’enfants similaires quant à leur discours sur le conflit de loyauté. Enfin, l’objectif final consiste à décrire un possible changement d’intensité du conflit de loyauté dans le temps. La recherche adopte une méthode qualitative pour recueillir le point de vue des enfants sur un possible vécu de conflit de loyauté des enfants entre leur père et leur mère. Douze enfants, ayant reçu des services d’intervention en maison d’hébergement, donnent leur point de vue sur leur expérience de conflit de loyauté. L’opinion de leur mère raconte l’histoire d’exposition à la violence conjugale de l’enfant ainsi que sa relation avec chacun des deux parents. La perception des intervenantes sur un possible conflit de loyauté chez l’enfant ainsi que sur sa relation avec chacun de ses parents vient enrichir cette recherche. Une description du contexte relationnel de l’enfant avec son père et sa mère démontre que la relation des enfants avec leur père ne semble pas toujours facile, alors que celle de l’enfant avec sa mère est plus positive. Les intervenantes jugent que les douze enfants vivent un conflit de loyauté, alors qu’un seul de ces participants verbalise ne pas en vivre. Une première analyse qualitative du discours des enfants a permis de constater qu’aucun des onze enfants n’identifie le père ou la mère comme étant le seul initiateur du conflit de loyauté. Comme résultat des verbalisations des enfants, deux groupes sont formés selon le degré d’élaboration du discours (élaboré ou non élaboré). Les résultats principaux permettent de constater que le degré de conflit de loyauté initié par les mères demeure stable dans le temps alors qu’il s’intensifie lorsqu’initié par certains pères de l’étude. / Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore any conflict-of-loyalty that may be present in children exposed to domestic violence after their parents have separated. Our initial objective was to describe the context of the childrens’ relationships with each of their parents. A second goal was to evaluate its presence and to describe, if it existed at all, the nature of this conflict-of-loyalty and its consequences for the children. A third objective was to identify sub-groups of children who had similarities in their verbalizations about a conflict-of-loyalty. Our final aim was to investigate any change in intensity of the conflict-of-loyalty over a specific period of time. Our research used a qualitative methodology to determine the childrens’ perceptions about a possible conflict-of-loyalty they may have had between their father and their mother. Twelve children who previously had services from women’s shelters expressed themselves about their experiences pertaining to conflict-of-loyalty. The mothers of each of these 12 participants gave us their perspectives regarding the exposure of their children to conjugal violence, as well as about their children’s relationships with each parent. Also, the perceptions of the shelter workers about possible conflicts of loyalty among the children they cared for, as well as about the childrens’ relationships with each of their parents, added to this research. A description of the childrens’ relationships with their mothers and fathers showed that the relationship between children and their fathers did not always seem easy, while the one with their mothers was more positive. The shelter workers assumed that all of the 12 children experienced a conflict-of-loyalty, while only 11 of the participants themselves stated they had. An initial qualitative analysis of the childrens' verbalizations allowed us to say that none of the 11 children identified either their father or their mother as having been the sole initiator of the conflict-of-loyalty. Issuing from the children’s verbalizations, two groups were identified according to the extent they responded (extensively or minimally). The children clearly identify both their parents as initiating the conflict-of- loyalty. However, results show that there are differences among fathers and mothers in the way they trigger such a conflict in their child. Our principal findings allow us to determine that the degree of conflict-of-loyalty that had been initiated by the mothers remained stable over time, although it was greater over time when it had been introduced by some of the fathers.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Beatriz de Oliveira e Silva.pdf: 1500730 bytes, checksum: f5413159907acc5b01c5868753e27ea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research addresses the assistance system of the Irmandade da Misericórdia de São Paulo for exposed children in the late XIX to mid-XX century. The actions and practices of individuals in charge of the system, the power relations, as well as the result of the actions of the ones involved in the exposed children's education were analyzed . The sources' survey was conducted in theArquivo do Museu da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. The Relatórios da Mesa Administrativa for the years 1902 to 1947 were consulted, mainly the ones relative to the years of 1903, 1936, 1943 and 1944. The reports consisted of "reports" sent by the heads of institutions maintained by the Irmandade: Hospital Central, São Luiz Gonzaga, Externato São José, Hospital dos Lázaros, Asilo Santo Antonio and the Asilo dos Expostos. The exposed children's stewardshipreports were composed of two parts. In the first part, the steward reported the major events and the development of the activities taking place in the various sections of the asylum: leadership, school, wet nurses. The second part, written by the physician in charge for the children's medical assistance, discoursed on the of health, hygiene and wet nurses' nurture conditions . Those reports allow to identify the actions and practices of the stewards. From 1943 on, the kindergarten teacher's report was also available, as well as the social worker's one. A literature search was also conducted about São Paulo city's socioeconomic background and also on childhood social history, with an emphasis on the institutionalized child. It was possible to observe that Misericordia's assistance was dynamic, that is, it incorporated, although slowly, innovations concerning assistance and education to poor children. However, interventions in order to provide social mobility to those children were not detected, but rather an acceptance with their social status / Esta pesquisa aborda o sistema assistencial da Irmandade da Misericórdia de São Paulo para as crianças expostas do final do século XIX a meados do século XX. Analisou-se as ações e práticas dos responsáveis pelo sistema, as relações de poder, bem como o resultado da atuação dos sujeitos envolvidos na educação dos expostos. O levantamento das fontes foi realizado no Arquivo do Museu da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo. Consultei os Relatórios da Mesa Administrativa relativos aos anos de 1902 a 1947, principalmente os referentes aos anos de 1903, 1936, 1943 e 1944. Os relatórios eram compostos por "relatórios" enviados pelos responsáveis pelas instituições mantidas pela Irmandade: Hospital Central, São Luiz Gonzaga, Externato São José, Hospital dos Lázaros, Asilo Santo Antonio e o Asilo dos Expostos. Os relatórios da mordomia dos expostos eram compostos de duas partes. Em uma primeira, o mordomo relatava os principais acontecimentos e o desenvolvimento das atividades nas diversas seções do Asilo: direção, escola, amas-de-leite. A segunda era elaborada pelo médico responsável pela assistência médica discorria sobre as condições de saúde, higiene e a criação das crianças pelas amas de leite. Os relatórios permitem identificar as ações e práticas dos mordomos. A partir de 1943, tem-se também o relatório da professora responsável pelo Jardim de Infância e da assistente social. Foi realizada ainda pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o contexto socioeconômico da cidade de São Paulo e acerca da História social da infância, Com ênfase na criança institucionalizada. Com esta pesquisa foi possível perceber que a assistência da Misericórdia era dinâmica, ou seja, incorporava, ainda que lentamente as inovações referentes à assistência e educação de crianças pobres. Contudo, não se percebe uma intervenção no sentido de propiciar mobilidade social às crianças, mas uma conformação ao seu status social

Owing to their key role in mucosal functioning as surface barriers with biospecific interaction potentials, the mucins are interesting candidates for use as surface modifiers in biomaterials applications. In this work, “mild” fractionation procedures were used to prepare mucins of bovine (BSM), porcine (PGM), and human (MG1) origin. Biophysicochemical analysis showed the prepared mucins to differ in size, charge, conformation, and composition. In turn, these factors were shown to govern mucin adsorption on hydrophilic and hydrophobic model surfaces. To enable for detailed coating analysis, methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of mucin-based coatings were developed. Of particular interest, a method for the determination of the fraction of surface-exposed, presumed bioactive proteins in a complex mucin coating was described. It was shown, using microscopy and activation assays, that mucin precoating effectively suppresses the neutrophil response towards a polymeric model biomaterial. Under optimal coating conditions, all mucins performed equally well, thus indicating them to be functionally similar. Coating analysis suggested that efficient mucin surface-shielding is critical for good mucin coating performance. Following a study on the complexation of albumin with preadsorbed mucin, we investigated the effect of mucin precoating on the conformation and neutrophil-activating properties of adsorbed host proteins. We found that mucin precoating greatly reduces the strong immune-response normally caused by adsorbed proinflammatory proteins (IgG and sIgA). Detailed coating analysis revealed that the fraction of surface-exposed protein in the mucin-protein composite influences the neutrophil response. Unexpectedly low neutrophil activation for composites containing near-monolayer concentrations of exposed IgG, suggested IgG to act synergistically with mucin on the surface. Conformational analysis supported this by showing that a preadsorbed mucin layer could stabilize adsorbed IgG through complexation. Our findings link well to the complex in vivo situation and suggest that functional mucosal mimics can be created in situ for improved biomaterials performance.

The aim of this doctoral thesis is to – from a child perspective and with children as informants – describe and analyze childhood conditions for children whose parents suffer from severe mental illness. The method used is qualitative – 28 children, 10 boys and 18 girls, 7–18 years old, were interviewed about their parents’ mental disorder; the family situation and their own personal life – in school and during free time. The analyses are based on Sociology of Childhood and Family Sociology. Previous studies have, to a great extent, focused on the risk the children run of developing mental health- and social problems and what helps them to grow up healthy. The increased risk of mental health- and social problems has been well confirmed, but also that preventive interventions can contribute to resilience in the children. Although some studies have explored children’s experiences of their parents’ mental illness and the challenges they meet, research from a childhood perspective, has so far been scarce. The results of this study reveal different degrees of emotional, physical and social exposure for the children. Their childhood conditions were related to gender, relations, communication, problem load and social situation of the family. If the parent with a mental illness was a woman, the situation for the child was often more exposed than if it was the father – most likely due to parental roles and expectations on men and women in the Swedish society at that time. Girls seemed more emotionally involved in the parents’ problems than boys, especially if the parent with a mental illness was a father. Most of the parents were divorced or had never lived together. Parental conflicts complicated the life of the children, who were expected to have maintained relationships to both parents. Lack of communication about the parent’s mental disorder in - and outside the family - was common. The children were often uninformed about the parent’s problems.  If hindered to pass information between and outside their two homes, they were left to handle difficult, sometimes dangerous, situations with the mentally ill parent, alone. The home was not always the safe place for rest and recovery, as homes are expected to be. The heavier the total problem load of the family, the more exposed was the child. Most exposed were children whose both parents had severe problems – mental illness or addiction. They were often placed in out of home care, for longer or shorter periods. The kind and degree of exposure the children experienced varied. Four kinds of childhood sceneries could be recognized: (1) the well organized childhood, where the parent’s mental health problem was mainly an emotional burden for the children; (2) the complicated childhood, where the parents conflicts and inability to protect the child made the child either too involved or too lonely in handling the problems that the parent’s mental illness caused them; (3) the problematic childhood where the parent’s mental illness was not the only problem in the family, but factors like the other parent’s drinking, siblings’ problems, social and economical difficulties added to the burden and (4) the exposed childhood where none of the parents was able to take care of the child. Knowledge and openness, about the parents’ problems, seemed to increase competence and decrease feelings of guilt and responsibility for the parent. All of the children stood forward, not as passive victims, but as competent agents in their own lives – although often more or less powerless because of their dependence of their parents and other adults around them. It was clear, though, that there is a need for professionals in adult psychiatry, social services, school and preschool, to pay attention to the children of parents with mental health problems and see to that they get the information and support they need. Keywords: Children, childhood conditions, children as agents, parental mental illness/mental disorders, mental health knowledge, exposed life situations, competence.

Most children exposed to interpersonal violence experience multiple forms of victimizations that are more predictive of trauma symptomatology than single traumatic incidents. This exploratory study seeks to extend research that suggests a child’s intrinsic strengths may help mitigate the development of serious psychiatric symptoms for children experiencing multiple interfamilial victimizations. Utilizing a diverse clinical sample (N= 106) of children 7 to 18 years of age who were exposed to multiple family traumas or to non-interpersonal traumas, path analysis models (moderation, mediational, and moderated mediational) were employed across potential explanatory or attenuating demographic factors (age, ethnicity, and gender) to ascertain the associations between multiple interpersonal maltreatment types experienced, childs’ behavioral and emotional strengths, and their posttraumatic stress symptomatology and/or behavioral and emotional difficulty symptoms. / text

Résumé Le but de cette recherche est de comprendre le conflit de loyauté chez les enfants exposés à la violence conjugale lorsque les parents sont séparés. Le premier objectif vise à décrire le contexte relationnel de l’enfant avec son père et sa mère. Le second objectif cherche à évaluer la présence et à décrire, le cas échéant, la nature du conflit de loyauté et ses conséquences chez l’enfant. Un troisième objectif porte sur l’identification de sous-groupes d’enfants similaires quant à leur discours sur le conflit de loyauté. Enfin, l’objectif final consiste à décrire un possible changement d’intensité du conflit de loyauté dans le temps. La recherche adopte une méthode qualitative pour recueillir le point de vue des enfants sur un possible vécu de conflit de loyauté des enfants entre leur père et leur mère. Douze enfants, ayant reçu des services d’intervention en maison d’hébergement, donnent leur point de vue sur leur expérience de conflit de loyauté. L’opinion de leur mère raconte l’histoire d’exposition à la violence conjugale de l’enfant ainsi que sa relation avec chacun des deux parents. La perception des intervenantes sur un possible conflit de loyauté chez l’enfant ainsi que sur sa relation avec chacun de ses parents vient enrichir cette recherche. Une description du contexte relationnel de l’enfant avec son père et sa mère démontre que la relation des enfants avec leur père ne semble pas toujours facile, alors que celle de l’enfant avec sa mère est plus positive. Les intervenantes jugent que les douze enfants vivent un conflit de loyauté, alors qu’un seul de ces participants verbalise ne pas en vivre. Une première analyse qualitative du discours des enfants a permis de constater qu’aucun des onze enfants n’identifie le père ou la mère comme étant le seul initiateur du conflit de loyauté. Comme résultat des verbalisations des enfants, deux groupes sont formés selon le degré d’élaboration du discours (élaboré ou non élaboré). Les résultats principaux permettent de constater que le degré de conflit de loyauté initié par les mères demeure stable dans le temps alors qu’il s’intensifie lorsqu’initié par certains pères de l’étude. / Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore any conflict-of-loyalty that may be present in children exposed to domestic violence after their parents have separated. Our initial objective was to describe the context of the childrens’ relationships with each of their parents. A second goal was to evaluate its presence and to describe, if it existed at all, the nature of this conflict-of-loyalty and its consequences for the children. A third objective was to identify sub-groups of children who had similarities in their verbalizations about a conflict-of-loyalty. Our final aim was to investigate any change in intensity of the conflict-of-loyalty over a specific period of time. Our research used a qualitative methodology to determine the childrens’ perceptions about a possible conflict-of-loyalty they may have had between their father and their mother. Twelve children who previously had services from women’s shelters expressed themselves about their experiences pertaining to conflict-of-loyalty. The mothers of each of these 12 participants gave us their perspectives regarding the exposure of their children to conjugal violence, as well as about their children’s relationships with each parent. Also, the perceptions of the shelter workers about possible conflicts of loyalty among the children they cared for, as well as about the childrens’ relationships with each of their parents, added to this research. A description of the childrens’ relationships with their mothers and fathers showed that the relationship between children and their fathers did not always seem easy, while the one with their mothers was more positive. The shelter workers assumed that all of the 12 children experienced a conflict-of-loyalty, while only 11 of the participants themselves stated they had. An initial qualitative analysis of the childrens' verbalizations allowed us to say that none of the 11 children identified either their father or their mother as having been the sole initiator of the conflict-of-loyalty. Issuing from the children’s verbalizations, two groups were identified according to the extent they responded (extensively or minimally). The children clearly identify both their parents as initiating the conflict-of- loyalty. However, results show that there are differences among fathers and mothers in the way they trigger such a conflict in their child. Our principal findings allow us to determine that the degree of conflict-of-loyalty that had been initiated by the mothers remained stable over time, although it was greater over time when it had been introduced by some of the fathers.

No description available.

Text in English / The aim of the study was to describe the competencies of midwives during the provision of immediate postnatal care (PNC) with the intention of adapting and linking international best practice guidelines as well as a conceptual framework for the implementation of PNC in Swaziland. A quantitative cross-sectional design study was conducted to investigate the competencies of midwives during the provision of immediate postnatal care services to mothers and their infants. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select eighty-eight (88) midwives and six (6) senior midwives to participate in the study. Data collection was done using structured questionnaires. Quantitative data was complemented by data that was generated from open-ended questions at the end of the questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 software. The study highlighted that all the midwives who participated in this study had the relevant qualification. Of the respondents, 70.5% were state-certified midwives with a second registered certificate, 27.3% had bachelor’s degrees, while 2.3% had an advanced midwifery certificate. The study found no difference between the type of qualification of midwives and the knowledge of PNC interventions to be offered to mothers immediately post-delivery across different qualifications held by the midwives (Kruskal-Wallis test: x2=5.498, df=2, p=0.064). Gaps were identified in their knowledge and practices. There were discrepancies in the level of knowledge and practices regarding maternal vital sign assessment immediately after delivery (within 30 minutes). It was noted that these vital signs, i.e. blood pressure (12.5%), temperature (50.0%), pulse (54.5%), respiration (63.6%) were not taken after delivery. It was also noted that 15.0%, 58.0%, 64.8% of the respondents were not aware of the importance of assessing newborns for APGAR, skin-to-skin contact and drying the neonate. The study found that there were no postnatal care guidelines in Swaziland. The findings of the study led to the adaption and linkage of the latest international evidence-based guidelines and a conceptual framework for the implementation of immediate PNC to mothers and their infants in Swaziland. / Health Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

There are few studies done on the work of social services on women exposed to violence. The work of social services with women exposed to violence has been a hot topic in the social policy debate. There have also been legislative changes to strengthen the work and help around women who are exposed to violent. The overall issues of the study focus on investigating the importance of social workers experiences in the work around the womens exposed to violence with the different types of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations? We also wanted to explore how we can understand the importance of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations and how it works when social workers use these in their work around women exposed to violence?                                                                   The empirical study has mainly been gathered through qualitative semistructured interviews with professional social workers in the Swedish municipalities social services. We have interviewed six different social workers in four different municipalities all in the southern part of Sweden. Previous research has also been studied, national and international. The collected empiricism has been analyzed using the theory developed by Michael Lipsky, and we have also used Roine Johansson's interpretation of grassroots bureaucracy to gain a deeper understanding of our data material. We received data showing that the social worker decides on actions motivated by the policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations they relate to. We saw that the policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations that the social workers worked with were very different in their design, which meant that there were different structured structures within the organizations in the different municipalities, which resulted in differences in how to work. We also saw that the social worker had different experiences of how far and wide the use of these documents was, and that we could see the significance of social workers who experienced the documents in their work. The study depicts how social workers perceive that policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations affect their work around women exposed to violence, and how we can understand the importance of policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations and how it works when social workers use them in their work around women exposed to violence. The main conclusion in this study is that the social worker provides assistance, support and assistance to the woman as she fits into what the social worker's policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations describe. If the woman exposed to violence does not comply with the criteria such as policies, guidelines, action plans and regulations, then there are reasons for granting the victim of violence to receive support and assistance. The study also shows how clients are categorized to fit into the organization, they are interpreted renegotiated and adapted to fit the social services organization. The study also shows that some of the social workers use and follow the policies, guidelines, action plan and regulations more than others and it is also clear that they can be used in order to give more specialized efforts to the victim of violence. / Det finns få studier kring socialtjänstens arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Socialtjänstens arbete med våldsutsatta kvinnor har utgjort ett hett ämne i den socialpolitiska debatten. Det har även skett lagförändringar för att stärka arbetet och hjälpen kring de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Studiens övergripande frågeställningar fokuserar på att undersöka vilken betydelse socialarbetaren upplever att olika typer av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter har i sitt arbete kring de våldsutsatta kvinnorna. Vi ville även undersöka hur vi kan förstå betydelsen av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter och hur det går till när socialarbetaren använder sig av dessa i sitt arbete kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Studiens empiri har huvudsakligen samlats in genom kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma och professionella socialarbetare inom Sveriges kommuners socialtjänster. Vi har intervjuat sex olika socialarbetare inom fyra olika kommuner alla inom området södra Sverige. Tidigare forskning har även studerats, nationell och internationell. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats med hjälp av teori som har utvecklats av Michael Lipsky och vi har även använt oss av Roine Johanssons tolkning av gräsrotsbyråkrati för att få en djupare förståelse för vårt datamaterial. Vi fick fram data som visar att socialarbetaren beslutar om insatser begrundat i den policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter som finns att förhålla sig till. Vi såg att de policys, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter som socialarbetarna arbetade utefter var väldigt olika i sin utformning och det gjorde att det blev olika uppbyggda strukturer inom organisationerna i de olika kommunerna vilket resulterat i att det är skillnader i hur man arbetar. Vi kunde även se att socialarbetaren hade olika upplevelser av hur stor och bred användning dessa dokument har samt att vi kunde se vilken betydelse socialarbetarna upplevde att dokumenten hade i sitt arbete. Studien skildrar hur socialarbetare upplever att policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter påverkar deras arbete kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Studien skildrar även hur vi kan förstå betydelsen av policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter och hur det går till när socialarbetaren använder sig av dessa i arbetet kring våldsutsatta kvinnor. Den huvudsakliga slutsatsen i den här studien är att socialarbetaren ger insatser, stöd och hjälp till kvinnan när hon passar in i det som socialarbetarens policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter beskriver. Om den våldsutsatta kvinnan inte stämmer överens med de kriterier som policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplaner och föreskrifter har så krävs det motiveringar för att bevilja att den våldsutsatta kvinnan ska få stöd och hjälp. Studien visar även hur klienterna kategoriseras för att passa in i organisationen, de tolkas omförhandlas och anpassas för att passa in i socialtjänstens organisation. Studien visar även att en del av socialarbetarna använder sig och följer de policy, riktlinjer, handlingsplan och föreskrifter mer än andra och det är även tydligt att de kan användas i syfte att ge den våldsutsatta kvinnan mer specialiserade insatser.

The design of the Church “Seslání Ducha Svatého” with the spiritual center in Líšeň, Brno answers the question: "How should the contemporary church look like?" Analysis of the site, awareness of the character and requirements of today's time, historical and cultural continuity and liturgical changes of the last century gave rise to 7 points of the architecture of the new church. This program describes the new liturgy, defines the form of the subordinate community of believers, characterizes the work with the material envelope of the inner space, establishes the relation between the horizontal and the vertical and the curved and rectangular, explains the theme of orientation and work with the interior. The final urban and architectural solution is based on these assumptions. The spiritual center, consisting of a multifunctional hall, a classroom, a club-room, a rectory, a cafeteria with a library, and underground garages with technology, is geometrically rigid, layered and precisely fitted, while church is completely different in its shape and scale, indicating functional and sacral differences. The abstract form of the church refers to the inviolability of God. The interior of the Church is a place of silence, a pure and noble space, formed by higher order principles. Another important way of expression becomes light as the creator of the spiritual space. An important part of the proposal is also the principle of organizing a church with a spiritual center around the inner square opened to the south by a wide entrance staircase.