CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O controle da cicatrizaÃÃo Ãssea tem grande importÃncia na traumatologia, visto que os princÃpios que norteiam esta Ãrea sÃo a limpeza da ferida, reduÃÃes precoces com fixaÃÃo do foco da fratura, assegurando viabilidade circulatÃria local, prevenindo a infecÃÃo, principalmente nas fraturas expostas. A aroeira-do-sertÃo (Myracroduon urundeuva Fr. All), Ãrvore da famÃlia AnacardiÃcea, à conhecida pelo seu uso popular com atividades antiinflamatÃrias e cicatrizantes, surgindo como alternativa terapÃutica. Diante dessas qualidades, foram analisadas suas atividades, utilizando um modelo experimental em fraturas expostas induzidas em mandÃbula de coelhos. Foram utilizados trinta coelhos, brancos, da raÃa Nova ZelÃndia, machos, com peso variando entre 1700 a 2100g, distribuÃdos em dois grupos de quinze animais. Os coelhos foram submetidos a tratamento cirÃrgico, sob anestesia geral, para realizaÃÃo de fratura do corpo mandibular direito, ficando exposta para cavidade bucal por um perÃodo de quatro horas. Em todos os animais foi realizada a coleta do material do foco de fratura para anÃlise microbiolÃgica. Os animais foram distribuÃdos ao acaso, conforme o tratamento proposto: no grupo I, foram utilizados 300ml da soluÃÃo de extrato aquoso de aroeira a 20% para irrigaÃÃo do foco de fratura, durante 5 minutos. No grupo II, foi utilizado soro fisiolÃgico a 0,9%, no mesmo volume e no mesmo tempo do grupo I, para irrigaÃÃo do foco de fratura. Em todos os animais foi realizada a reduÃÃo da fratura com fixaÃÃo interna rÃgida, utilizando miniplacas de titÃnio do sistema 1,5mm. Foram realizados controles radiogrÃficos do pÃs-operatÃrio dos 7, 14 e 30 dias para anÃlise da consolidaÃÃo da fratura. Os grupos foram redistribuÃdos em subgrupos conforme o dia de eutanÃsia em SG7, SG14 e SG30 onde foi realizada a remoÃÃo do bloco Ãsseo da regiÃo operada para anÃlise histolÃgica pelo mÃtodo de coloraÃÃo do TricrÃmico de Masson. Os animais foram analisados do ponto de vista clÃnico, radiolÃgico e histolÃgico. Na anÃlise clÃnica, foi verificado o aspecto da ferida cirÃrgica. O grupo I (aroeira) mostrou resultado pouco significante na cicatrizaÃÃo da ferida, quando comparado com o grupo II. No aspecto radiolÃgico, o grupo tratado com aroeira nÃo apresentou efeitos significativos quanto à consolidaÃÃo. Do ponto de vista histolÃgico, houve uma reduÃÃo da concentraÃÃo de bactÃrias no foco da fratura no grupo tratado com aroeira. O extrato aquoso de aroeira a 20% nÃo tem efeito significativo na consolidaÃÃo Ãssea de fraturas expostas induzidas em mandÃbula de coelhos, no entanto, houve benefÃcio na cicatrizaÃÃo da ferida e uma diminuiÃÃo significativa das colÃnias bacterianas no foco das fraturas / Controlling bone healing is of great importance to traumatology, since some of the guiding principles of this area are the cleaning of the wound, the early fixation of the fracture, to assure the viability of the bone supply, and prevent the infection, especially in exposed fractures. The Aroeira-do-SertÃo (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr.All), tree of Anacardiceae family, is known for its popular uses as anti-inflammatory due to its healing activities, being a good therapeutic alternative. To investigate these properties we analyzed an experimental model using induced exposed fractures in rabbit jaws. Thirty white New Zealand male rabbits weighing between 1700 and 2100g, divided in two groups of fifteen animals each were used. The rabbits underwent surgical procedure under general anesthesia to fracture their right mandibular body, which was exposed to oral cavity for 4 hours. Material from the fracture site was collected for microbiological analysis. The animals were randomly distributed according to the proposed treatment. In Group I, 300ml of aqueous extract of Myracrodruon urundeuva at 20% was used for the irrigation of the focus of the fracture for 5 minutes. In Group II, sterile saline solution 0.9% at the same volume was used at the same way as Group I. All animals underwent fracture reduction with internal rigid fixation using 1,5mm titanium mini-plates. Before euthanasia, postoperatory radiographs were done by subgroups at 7, 14, and 30 days for analysis of the consolidation of the fractures, after which the bone fragment of the operated region was removed for histological analysis using the Masson Tricromic method. The animals were analyzed from the clinical, radiological and histological perspectives. The clinical analysis consisted in the visual verification of the aspect of the surgical wound. Group I (Myracrodruon urundeuva) showed a little improvement in healing when compared to Group II. Radiographically Groups II did not presented significant effects in the consolidation of the bone. Histologically reduction of the bacterial concentration was showed in the fracture in the Group I. The conclusion was that a Myracrodruon urundeuva aqueous extract at 20% has no significant effect in the consolidation of induced exposed fractures of rabbit jaws, but shows benefits in the healing of wounds, reducing the colonies of bacteria in the fractures sites significantly

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / The aim of this study was to verify the zinc and copper effects, metals frequently found in aquatic ecosystems, on the metabolism of piavas (Leporinus sp.). In this work, it was verified the average lethal concentrations (LC50) for the different metals. Activities of different enzymes such as AChE (brain and muscle), catalase (liver), δ-ALA-D (liver, kidney, muscle and brain), TBARS formation (liver, brain and muscle), hematological parameters and metals accumulation in different tissues (liver, kidney, brain and muscle) were also analyzed. Juvenile of Leporinus sp. was exposed to zinc and copper for LC50 determination, which was estimated as 23.4 mg/L for Zn(II) and 0.2 mg/L for Cu(II). Based on these results, fish were exposed for 30 or 45 days to concentrations equivalents to 10% and 20% of the LC50 which corresponded to 2.3 and 4.6 mg/L for Zn(II) and 0.02 and 0.04 mg/L for Cu(II), respectively. δ-ALA-D activity was modified in response to metal exposure, being inhibited by zinc in the brain after 45 days of exposure in both metals concentrations tested. In liver and kidney, it was inhibited by both metals concentrations and times of exposure. Muscle demonstrated inhibition in δ-ALA-D activity only in 4.6 mg/L concentration after 45 days exposure to Zn(II). Copper exposure also inhibited the δ-ALA-D activity in liver, kidney and muscle in both metal concentrations and exposure time tested. In the brain, in general, δ-ALA-D activity was not altered when compared to controls. Hematological parameters also showed alterations after exposure to both metals after 45 days experiment. Reduction of hematocrit, erythrocyte, hemoglobin content demonstrated that fish exposed to zinc and copper showed anemic signs. Liver catalase activity increased after zinc or copper exposure in both concentrations and exposure times tested. TBARS levels increased in liver and brain of fish exposed to Zn(II) for 45 days in both metal concentrations. In muscle, it did in both exposure times and concentrations tested. Cu(II) exposure reduced the TBARS levels in liver in both concentrations and time of exposure tested. In brain, there was a decreased in TBARS levels only after 45 days of exposure. In muscle, this decreased was observed after 30 days of exposure in both concentrations. AChE activity increased in muscle (30 and 45 days exposure) and brain (30 days exposure) in fish exposed to Zn(II) in both concentrations tested. However, after 45 days of exposure to zinc, cerebral AChE activity decreased at 2.3 mg/L of Zn(II) and increased at 4.6 mg/L of Zn(II). For Cu(II), both muscle and brain AChE activity increased in both concentrations and exposure time tested. Fish exposed to zinc showed metal accumulation in the liver and kidney in both concentrations and time of exposure tested. For copper, the metal accumulation was only observed in brain and after 45 days of exposure in both concentrations tested. This study showed that although zinc and copper are required as microelements in the normal metabolism of cells, subletal concentrations of these metals can affect the activity of several enzymes of toxicological interest, increase the production of oxygen reactive species which can cause stress and accumulate in different manners in the tissues. / O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos do zinco e do cobre, metais freqüentemente encontrados em ecossistemas aquáticos, sobre o metabolismo de piavas (Leporinus sp.). Neste trabalho verificou-se a concentração letal média (CL50) para os diferentes metais e foram medidas as atividades de diferentes enzimas como acetilcolinesterase (AChE) (cérebro e músculo); catalase (fígado); delta-aminolevulinato desidratase (δ-ALA-D) (fígado, rim, cérebro e músculo); formação de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) (fígado, cérebro e músculo); parâmetros hematológicos e acumulação dos metais em diferentes tecidos (fígado, rim, cérebro e músculo). Juvenis de Leporinus sp. foram expostos ao zinco e ao cobre para a determinação da CL50 que foi de 23.4 mg/L para zinco e 0.2 mg/L para o cobre. A partir desta determinação, os peixes foram expostos durante 30 e 45 dias a 10% e 20% destas concentrações que corresponderam a 2.3 mg/L e 4.6 mg/L para o zinco e 0.02 mg/L e 0.04 mg/L para o cobre. A atividade da δ-ALA-D foi alterada em resposta à exposição aos metais, sendo sua atividade no cérebro inibida pelo zinco após 45 dias de exposição às duas concentrações testadas e, no fígado e rim, inibida em ambas concentrações e tempos de exposição testados. Já o tecido muscular, demonstrou inibição na atividade da δ-ALA-D somente na concentração 4.6 mg/L depois dos 45 dias de exposição ao zinco. A exposição ao cobre também demonstrou uma inibição da atividade da δ-ALA-D no fígado, rim e músculo em ambas concentrações e tempos de exposição testados. No cérebro, em geral, a atividade da δ-ALA-D não foi alterada quando comparada aos controles. Os parâmetros hematológicos também mostraram alterações após exposição a ambos metais depois dos 45 dias de experimento. A redução no hematócrito, hemoglobina e número de eritrócitos demonstram que os peixes expostos ao zinco e ao cobre apresentavam sinais de anemia. A atividade da catalase no fígado aumentou para ambos metais em ambas concentrações e tempos de exposição. Os níveis de TBARS nos peixes expostos ao zinco encontraram-se aumentados no fígado e cérebro após 45 dias de exposição em ambas concentrações e, no músculo, em ambos tempos de exposição e concentrações testadas. O cobre reduziu os níveis de TBARS no fígado em ambas concentrações e tempos de exposição. Já no cérebro, houve uma redução destes níveis somente após 45 dias de exposição e, no músculo, após 30 dias de exposição a ambas concentrações testadas. A atividade da AChE aumentou em músculo (30 e 45 dias) e cérebro (30 dias) para os peixes expostos ao zinco em ambas concentrações. Entretanto, nos 45 dias de exposição ao zinco, a atividade da AChE cerebral encontrou-se reduzida na concentração 2.3 mg/L e aumentada na concentração 4.6 mg/L. Já para o cobre, a atividade da AChE aumentou no músculo e cérebro em ambas concentrações e tempos testados. Os peixes expostos ao zinco demonstraram acumulação do metal no fígado e rim em ambas concentrações testadas, após os 30 e 45 dias de exposição. Já para o cobre, foi observada acumulação do metal somente no cérebro, em ambas concentrações testadas após 45 dias. Este estudo demonstrou que o zinco e o cobre, apesar de serem microelementos importantes para a função celular, mesmo em concentrações subletais, podem alterar a atividade de diversas enzimas de interesse toxicológico, aumentar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, e se acumular, de diferentes formas, nos tecidos.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23481号 / 工博第4893号 / 新制||工||1764(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 森 信人, 教授 立川 康人, 准教授 志村 智也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

The main goal of this project is trying to understand how a modern church looks like. If it follows the same principles like traditional churches and or weather the new liturgy needs new idea of nowadays signs. What affects the religious architecture, weather it's designed in a context of a intense housing developement.

In the first phase of my thesis I seek to explore how novelist use the fictional architectural environments in order to propel narrative and create an immersive experience for a reader, using the well-known 1984 by George Orwell and The Castle by Franz Kafka as the primary vehicle for investigation. The thesis studies the narrative and architectural typologies, physical settings and imagined spaces used to connect the viewer to the narrative’s highly detailed world. In the second phase of my thesis, I used elements learned from this two novels and applied them to propose a building in Midtown Manhattan in New York. I chose misinformation and fake news as the my main theme in order to design a mixed use proposal as it is one of the biggest challenges of our era. I end my thesis with a comic-style story using my proposal building as the main key in the comic-strips. If the first phase is about how architecture is used in fiction, the second phase is about creating a fictional story using architecture.

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Låglutande tak har alltid varit utpekade som en riskfylld konstruktion med många följande problem. Speciellt utpekade nationellt är de i nordligare breddgrader och fjällmiljöer. Konstruktionen är väldigt hårt ansatt av väder och vind och många byggnader får vattenskador till följd av läckage. Trots alla rapporterade problem med det låglutande taket i fjällmiljö så fortsätter dessa att byggas kontinuerligt. Studien har som syfte att analysera branschverksammas perspektiv på konstruktionstypen, dess problem och hur de arbetar för att skapa så goda förutsättningar som möjligt. En kvalitativ metod användes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer som sedan sammanställdes och kodades. Intervjuerna var riktade mot yrkesverksamma inom den utförande parten av takets konstruktion. Resultatet kunde identifiera problemfaktorer till olika delar inom takets livscykel. Tidigt som utformningsfel eller utförande fel och i ett senare skede som underhållsfel. Skador uppkomna i tätskiktet är vad som utpekas där läckage är följden. Dock har studien inte kunnat påvisa under vilken fas av takets livscykel som bidrar mest till uppkomna problem. Under samtliga kategorier har tidsbrist och kompetensbrist styrkts som de mest bidragande faktorerna till skadeproblematiken. / Low pitching roof systems has always been seen as a construction method full of risk. The design of the roof makes it vulnerable for winds and snow and could therefore be considered not suited for mountainous environments. Many of these roofs end up with water damages as a result from leakage trough the outermost layer of the roof. Despite all known problem factors with this type of construction they are continuously being built. The purpose of this study has been to analyze the perspectives from professionals in the Swedish building sector. How the experienced field think of the problems regarding the construction method and how they work around them. A qualitative method has been used to answer the studies purpose by using semi-structured interviews that were compiled and coded. In the results of these interviews, it was found that the problems could be coded in three categories throughout the roofs life cycle. Early in the life cycle as design flaws and poorly executed assembly and later with faulty maintenance. In all these categories lack of time and competent personnel is seen as leading causes to the problems. / <p>2023-06-23</p>

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Bakgrund: Alla barn har rätt att växa upp under trygga förhållanden och inte vara utsatta för våld. Få barn berättar för vuxna att de är utsatta för våld och det ställer stora krav på att skolpersonal identifierar dessa barn. Skolsköterskan träffar regelbundet barn i samband med hälsobesök och har en unik möjlighet att observera och identifiera tecken på att barn utsätts för våld. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva hur skolsköterskan identifierar barn som är utsatta för våld i hemmet. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har använts i studien. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via fokusgruppsintervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor. Resultatet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i ett tema; skolsköterskans vilja, ansvar och öppenhet för att bidra till att skapa goda uppväxtvillkor och fem kategorier; medvetenhet om våldets uttryck och symtom, inkludera frågor om våld och att vara uppmärksam, vara tillgänglig, skapa förtroende och tillit, samarbete med pedagoger och elevhälsoteam samt ökad kunskap och gemensamt styrdokument. Konklusion: Framträdande i studien var skolsköterskans intresse och vilja för att skapa samt främja goda uppväxtvillkor för de barn som de möter i sin profession. Skolsköterskan identifierar barn som utsätts för våld på många olika sätt. Hälsobesöket ses som ett betydelsefullt verktyg för att samtala kring våld och skapar goda relationer. / Background: All children have the right to grow up in safe conditions and not be exposed to violence. Few children tell adults that they are exposed to violence and makes great demands on school staff, to identify these children. The school nurse regularly meets children during health check-up and has a unique opportunity to observe and identify signs of being subjected to violence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe how the school nurse identifies children who are exposed to domestic violence. Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach has been used in the study. Data collection was conducted using focus group interviews with semi-structured questions. The results were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis process resulted in the theme of the school nurse's will, responsibility and openness to help create good conditions for growing up and five categories; awareness of the expression and symptoms of violence, including issues of violence and being attentive, being accessible, creating trust and confidence, cooperation with educators and student health teams, as well as increased knowledge and a common governing document. Conclusion: Prominent in the study was the interest and willingness of school nurses to create and promote good growing/life conditions for children they meet in their profession. The school nurse identifies children exposed to violence in many different ways. The health check-up seen as an important tool for talking about violence and creating good relationships.

Coiled coils are a well-known protein structure prevalent in eukaryotic function, synthetic applications, and de novo protein design. Coiled-coil folding is often described using heptad repeat positions labeled abcdefg where a and d positions occupy the interface between the coils, e and g positions flank the interface, and the b, c, and f positions face the solvent-exposed surface. The a, d, e, and g positions have been extensively studied in the coiled-coil literature. There is a lack of investigation on the impact of the b, c, and f positions on coiled-coil folding. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the heptad repeat of coiled coils and the impact on folding of each heptad repeat position. In Chapter 2 we introduce a non-covalent interaction among the b, c, and f positions of a coiled-coil trimer that significantly enhances thermodynamic stability. We identify characteristics of the f-position residue (hydrogen bond donating ability and hydrophobicity) that lead to the greatest amount of stability. Chapter 3 introduces crystal structures and molecular dynamic simulations of the interaction to identify the mechanism of stabilization. Further thermodynamic studies find a key salt-bridge interaction between the b and c positions that are influenced by the f-position residue. Chapter 4 explores the impact of salt on the non-covalent interaction and determines that the interaction is sensitive to salt screening and is ionic in nature. It also explores more characteristics of the f-position amino acid, in particular the hydrogen bond donating component. In Chapter 5 we insert the solvent-exposed interaction into helix bundles of differing length and oligomeric state. We find that stability is not only dependent upon amino acid identity but also the length and stoichiometry of a coiled coil.