Inaug.-Diss.: Philosophische Fakultät: Göttingen: 1974. _ Bibliogr. p. 180-194. Index.

In the survey Unga &amp; Medier initiated by Statens medieråd 2017, 3000 teenagers were asked about their gaming habits. The survey was made in collaboration with SCB (Statistiska Centralbyrån) and it is the most extensive examination of its kind ever produced in Sweden. It showed that 50% of the participating boys played more than three hours per day at the age of 16. At the same time, students’ results in school are sinking in general, especially the writing ability. Skolverket (2015) deems that the combination of inner and outer motivation has the biggest effect on students’ ability to successfully solve a task. The study presents the difficulties of altering the precieved motivation of the students’ and the complexity of using self-report questionnaires as a messurement tool. The aim of this study is to investigate how D’Angelos model of progymnasmata in combination with gamification can affect students’ motivation to produce written texts. Two methods were used. First; self assessment and second; a material based on one step of the antique instrument progymnasmata, the fable, which was created and tested with two groups of students, where one of the groups had a thematic based on gamification. The results proved, although the participation was low, that the quantity of written data was improved while the motivation was unaffected. In conclusion, the study did not have an effect the way it was expected to do, although this has been taken in consideration while potraying the complexity of motivation as a concept. / <p>Svenska</p>

The purpose of this study is to discover and analyse the gender stereotypes presented in a selection of books where the characters are gender neutral animals or figures, based on the fact that as a reader you cannot distinguish by the cover or the icon text if the characters are of the male or female sex. The books have been analysed with a qualitative image and text analysis from a gender perspective. The analysis has focused on highlighting the norms presented in the books with a focus on gender roles and the gender markers that can be linked to stereotypical behaviors of girls and boys respectively. The analyses show that the books contain both confirmatory and breaking representations of the characters in both text and image, regarding the prevailing gender stereotypes. / Syftet för denna studie är att upptäcka och analysera de könstereotyper som framställs i ett urval av böcker där karaktärerna är könsneutrala djur eller figurer, i den mån att man som läsare inte kan urskilja via omslaget eller ikonotexten om karaktärerna är av det manliga eller kvinnliga könet. Böckerna har analyserats med en kvalitativ bild och textanalys utifrån ett genusperspektiv. Analysen har fokuserat på att synliggöra de normer som framställs i böckerna med fokus på könsroller och de genusmarkörer som kan kopplas till stereotypa beteenden hos flickor respektive pojkar. Analyserna visar att böckerna innehåller både bekräftande och brytande framställningar hos karaktärerna i både text och bild, gällande de rådande könssterotyperna.

Considerando que à na linguagem e por meio dela que o indivÃduo se constitui como sujeito, desenvolvemos esta pesquisa, centrada na interrelaÃÃo que podemos estabelecer entre o processo da argumentaÃÃo, a problematizaÃÃo sobre discurso e sobre gÃnero textual e a subjetividade. Buscamos investigar, em fÃbulas bastante peculiares, como se dà a construÃÃo da argumentaÃÃo baseada no modelo dialogal da Teoria da ArgumentaÃÃo de Christian Plantin (1996; 2008) e partimos da hipÃtese de que a argumentaÃÃo na fÃbula em estudo se constrÃi especialmente por meio de estratÃgias usadas pelo narrador, instanciado por um sujeito/autor, as quais lhe permitem assumir papÃis argumentativos diferentes de acordo com seu nÃvel de envolvimento na argumentaÃÃo. Ainda acreditamos que, conforme a teoria plantiniana, o narrador assume tais papÃis a fim de fazer avaliaÃÃes do mundo narrado como recurso argumentativo, num movimento em direÃÃo ao leitor; que a inserÃÃo dessas avaliaÃÃes confere à fÃbula analisada um modo particular de organizaÃÃo; que a subjetividade se instaura sobremodo por meio do recurso da interposiÃÃo â forma privilegiada da intervenÃÃo do sujeito na construÃÃo do seu dizer. A projeÃÃo do narrador nas fÃbulas analisadas constitui formas de interaÃÃo e comunicaÃÃo entre este e o interlocutor, o que conduziu nossa pesquisa a uma anÃlise que busca uma semiÃtica da interaÃÃo textual, a partir da qual se pode depreender que o sentido construÃdo em um texto, por um dado discurso, nÃo deriva do sistema, mas das atividades do uso desse sistema, das suas possibilidades à elaboraÃÃo de sentidos, compartilhados dialÃgica e socialmente pelos interlocutores. O corpus da pesquisa à constituÃdo de cem fÃbulas de MillÃr Fernandes, formas atualizadas do gÃnero fÃbula, as quais foram analisadas qualitativamente, a partir do instrumental oferecido pela Teoria da Avaliatividade, de Martin & White (2005), mais especificamente pelo subsistema do engajamento, em busca de uma abordagem pragmÃtico-discursiva. Acreditamos que o processo argumentativo de que tratamos nas fÃbulas millorianas â que deixam entrever um discurso e um contradiscurso â de fato se dà a partir do recurso da interposiÃÃo usado pelo narrador, para se projetar no texto, e isso lhe permite assumir papÃis argumentativos diferentes, de acordo com seu engajamento no jogo argumentativo. Esse engajamento se estabelece num continuum, num contexto de menor ou maior expansÃo dialÃgica, sobremodo porque identificamos inÃmeras ocorrÃncias em que esses papÃis se sobrepÃem ou se imbricam. / Considering that in language and through it the individual is constituted as subject, we developed this research, focusing on the interrelation we can establish between the process of argumentation, questioning about discourse, text genre and subjectivity. We sought to investigate in very peculiar fables, how the construction of arguments based on the dialogic model of the Argumentation Theory of Christian Plantin (1996, 2008) takes place, and set out from the hypothesis that the arguments in the fable studied builds itself especially through strategies used by the narrator, instantiated by a subject/author, which allow it to take different argumentative roles according to its level of involvement in the argument. We also believe that, according to the Plantinian theory, the narrator assumes such roles in order to assess the narrated world as an argumentative resource, in a movement toward the reader, that the inclusion of these reviews give the fable considered a particular form of organization, that the subjectivity is established greatly through the use of interposition - privileged form of the intervention of the subject in the construction of its sayings. The projection of the narrator in the analyzed fables constitutes forms of interaction and communication between him/her and the interlocutor, which led our research to an analysis that searches for the semiotics of textual interaction, from which one can infer that the meaning constructed in a text, for a single discourse, does not derive from the system, but from the activities of the use of this system, and from its possibilities of elaboration of meanings, dialogically and socially shared by the interlocutors. The research corpus is composed of one hundred of Millor Fernandes fables, current forms of the fable gender, which were qualitatively analyzed, from the instrumentals provided by the Theory of Assessment of Martin & White (2005), more specifically the engagement subsystem in search of a pragmatic-discursive approach. We believe that the argumentative process we are dealing with in the Millorian fables - that display a speech and a counter speech- actually happens when the resource of interposition is used by the narrator to project himself in the text, and it allows him to take different argumentative roles, according to his engagement in argumentative game. This engagement happens in a continuum, in a context of greater or lesser dialogic expansion, greatly because we identified numerous instances in which these roles overlap or intertwine.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att se hur moraliska föredömen framställs i två texter av olika karaktär - Stefan Einhorns berättelse ”Läraren” samt Aisopos fabel Lejonet och musen. För att få fram dessa moraliska föredömen genomförs en narrativ analys. För att lyfta likheter och skillnader i de båda texterna används berättar- och lyssnarinstans samt symboler och allegorier från den narrativa analysen. Berättar- och lyssnarinstans används för att se till den konkreta texten medan symboler och allegorier används för att se det underliggande budskapet. I analysen jämförs även texternas sensmoraler och hur de båda är uppbyggda fram till sensmoralen. Texterna jämförs för att se huruvida de båda kan verka som didaktiska texter.Grundtanken är att försöka komma fram till ifall respektive text kan ses som exempel på moraliska föredömen utifrån exemplumgenren. Vidare ligger syftet vid att försöka förstå hur texterna tas emot av läsaren och hur framställningen av de moraliska föredömena sker. Tanken är att se huruvida enklare texter kan fungera som moraliska ”kompasser” för människor. Slutsatsen blir att ingen av de valda texterna har ett narrativt djup vilket gör de svåra att analyser. Men bara för att en text inte har ett narrativt djup så behöver det inte betyda att den inte har en mening eller ett budskap den vill förmedla. Därför fungerar båda verk bra som exemplum då tolkningen är att författarnas syfte med texterna är att vara sedelärande. / The purpose of this paper is to see how the role models in moral are visible in two texts of different character - Stefan Einhorns short story "teacher" and Aisopo's fable Lejonet och musen. To obtain these moral role models a narrative analysis was used. To highlight the similarities and differences in the two texts a narrative- and listen instance as well as symbols and allegories from the narrative analysis are used. Narrative- and listen instance is used to analyze the concrete text and symbols and allegories are used to see the underlying message. The analysis also compared the texts morals and how the two are built up to the moral. The texts are compared to see whether the text can be seen as didactic texts. The basic idea is to try to come to the event and the text can be seen as examples of moral examples based on the exemplum genere. Further the aim at trying to understand how texts are received by the reader and the production of the moral role models occurs. The idea is to see whether simple texts can act as a moral "compass" for the people. The conclusion is that none of the selected texts have a narrative depth which makes them difficult to analysis. But just because a text does not have a narrative depth that does not mean that it does not have a meaning or a message it wants to convey. Therefore both texts works good as exemplum when the interpretation is that the authors' purpose of the texts is to learn the listener about there moral.

Stress är något alla människor kan uppleva i sin vardag, och är en naturlig del för att vi ska överleva. Men vad händer när stressen blir långvarig och utvecklas till fysisk och psykisk ohälsa? Varför blir våra hjärnor så stressade? Då utmattningssyndrom är väldigt vanligt i dagens samhälle, och något jag själv hade erfarenheter av, ville jag förstå och komma till kärnan av problemet. Jag har i mitt avgångsprojekt arbetat med att visualisera och berätta om utmattning och stressrelaterad ohälsa. Under projektet undersökte jag vad stress är, och tog bland annat kontakt med Marie Åsberg som myntade begreppet utmattningssyndrom och som är senior professor inom stressrehab, på Daneryds sjukhus. Jag har visualiserat ämnet från olika perspektiv och genrer: via samhällsanalys, biografi, fabel, självbiografi. Min visuella research ledde till en publikation med fragmentariska bilder, bildberättelser och tecknade serier.