Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sebastiao Domingues Vargas Neto.pdf: 947636 bytes, checksum: 2bf7b2dd6f11781f92956da1d5af3294 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-08 / This dissertation is devoted to the theoretical examination of sustainable development focused by the justice as fairness theory of John Rawls. The problem of this research is theoretical and it is in the analysis of sustainable development (mainly resulting from the Brundtland Report), highlighted in its social aspect and political, legal and philosophical implication s of the justice as fairness theory, investigating, in axis that relates theory of justice, social justice and liberalism, is its "sustainability" paradigm would be a substantially solid or only formally designed, allowing any filling. For both, there is the assumption that sustainable development, derived from the idea of sustainability is regarded formally in line with the theory of justice, including the courts beyond the human, but is not substantially and made the point to say that is the way most appropriate to achieve a justice policy. It is a discourse that seeks to bring off the environmental dimension to the discussion on justice, warning of the need for attention to the environment in the process of fair balance between natural forces, economic, political and most of the social universe, which results in social justice for present and future generations. Also adds little, since all the objects of the theory of justice already has his concerns of sustainable development. Considering their relative continuity, conciliator practices environmental constraints to development, sustainable development can be either instrument of revolution in the way of thinking, just as efforts to improve the global capitalism of flexible accumulation post-1970's, both used with good faith, and as a fallacy. Still, the justice that promotes the ideas of sustainability requires a social pact that involves changes in the way that men and institutions dealing with each other and the environment. Thus, lack of sustainable development in his quest for justice, a reference to justice, which may be the theory of justice as fairness. The research follows the general aim to examine sustainable development in light of the theory of justice as fairness, permeated three specific objectives: a) explain the theory of justice with careful theoretical review, noting its historical development, elements, importance to the sustainability and insertion of the same law, and demonstrate its suitability as an analytical tool, b) define sustainable development, researching its history, definitions, indicators and ideologies and c) apply the theory of justice as fairness to information on sustainable development raised, especially in its social aspect, to identify and explain, on an axis that relates the theory of justice, social justice and liberalism, the factors that determine and contribute to the phenomenon of sustainability and their potential to achieve social justice. Regarding methodology, it emphasizes a kind of theoretical study, such as literature search with use of the dialectical method-argumentative. The text is organized into an introductory section, three chapters and a section of final comments, where there is confirmation of the hypothesis under there presented, followed by the list of references of the work. / Esta dissertação dedica-se ao exame teórico do desenvolvimento sustentável à luz da teoria da justiça como equidade, de John Rawls. O problema de pesquisa tem caráter teórico e reside na análise do desenvolvimento sustentável (precipuamente resultante do Relatório Brundtland), destacado em seu aspecto social e implicações político-jurídicas e jusfilosóficas, à luz da teoria da justiça como equidade, investigando-se, em eixo que relaciona teoria da justiça, justiça social e liberalismo, se sua "sustentabilidade" seria um paradigma substancialmente sólido ou apenas formalmente concebido, permitindo qualquer preenchimento. Para tanto, levantou-se a hipótese de que o desenvolvimento sustentável, derivado da ideia de sustentabilidade, está formalmente conceituado em consonância com a teoria da justiça, inclusive com as justiças além da humana, porém não está substancialmente bem formulado a ponto de se afirmar que seja a via mais adequada à realização de uma justiça política. Trata-se de um discurso pontual que busca trazer a dimensão ambiental à discussão sobre a justiça, alertando para a necessidade de atenção ao meio-ambiente, no processo de equilíbrio equânime entre forças naturais, econômicas, políticas e o mais do universo social, que resulte em justiça social para as gerações presentes e futuras. Pouco além disso acrescenta, visto que o conjunto dos objetos da teoria da justiça já contém as preocupações do desenvolvimento sustentável. Considerando seu relativo continuísmo, conciliador de práticas desenvolvimentistas a limitações ambientais, o desenvolvimento sustentável tanto pode ser instrumento de revolução no modo de pensar, quanto mero esforço de aprimoramento do capitalismo global de acumulação flexível após a década de 1970, tanto empregado com boa-fé, quanto como um sofisma. Ainda assim, a justiça que as ideias da sustentabilidade promovem requer um pacto social que implica em alterações no modo com que os homens tratam-se mutuamente e na maneira com que interagem com o meio-ambiente. Assim, falta ao desenvolvimento sustentável, na sua busca por justiça, um referencial de justiça, o qual pode estar na teoria da justiça como equidade. A investigação segue no objetivo geral de analisar o desenvolvimento sustentável, à luz da teoria da justiça como equidade, perpassando três objetivos específicos: a) expor a teoria da justiça com revisão teórica cuidadosa, anotando sua evolução histórica, elementos, importância para a sustentabilidade e inserção da mesma no Direito, e demonstrando sua aptidão como instrumento de análise; b) delimitar o desenvolvimento sustentável, pesquisando sua história, definições, indicadores e ideologias e c) aplicar a teoria da justiça como equidade às informações sobre desenvolvimento sustentável levantadas, mormente em seu aspecto social, identificando e explicando, sob um eixo que relaciona teoria da justiça, justiça social e liberalismo, os fatores que determinam e contribuem com o fenômeno da sustentabilidade e com seu potencial para realizar justiça social. Quanto à metodologia, enfatiza-se um tipo de estudo teórico, com pesquisa bibliográfica e emprego do método dialético-argumentativo. O texto segue organizado em uma seção introdutória, três capítulos e uma seção de considerações finais, em que se constata a confirmação da hipótese levantada, nos termos ali apresentados, seguidos do rol de referências bibliográficas da obra.

O tema do acesso à justiça é aquele que mais diretamente equaciona as relações entre o processo e a justiça social, entre igualdade jurídico-formal e desigualdade socioeconômica. A consagração constitucional dos novos direitos econômicos e sociais e sua expansão paralela à do Estado-Providência transformou o direito ao acesso efetivo à justiça em um direito-chave, um direito cuja denegação acarretaria a de todos os demais. Daí a constatação de que a organização da justiça não pode ser reduzida à sua dimensão técnica, socialmente neutra, devendo investigar-se as funções sociais por elas desempenhadas e, em particular, o modo como as possibilidades técnicas no seu seio veiculam opções a favor ou contra interesses sociais divergentes ou mesmo antagônicos. Desde a década de 70 do século passado, diversos pesquisadores e analistas sociais têm contribuído para colocar em questão as formas de resolução de conflitos características do Estado Moderno, bem como para apontar caminhos e problematizar as experiências concretas de informalização, desjudicialização, mediação e arbitragem que vão surgindo. Pensando no acesso à justiça como um direito primordial sem o qual os demais direitos não se concretizam e nesses meios de resolução de conflitos, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar se a Justiça Restaurativa é capaz de ampliar o acesso à justiça em sua dimensão material e formal. Atualmente, a importância da Justiça Restaurativa é reconhecida inclusive pela ONU, já que sua prática tem possibilitado a pacificação social, na medida em que sugere uma reavaliação do fenômeno criminológico desde suas causas, passando pela aplicação da justiça ate suas consequências futuras. Para chegar ao objetivo do trabalho, a teoria de John Rawls sobre a justiça como equidade é importante para, por meio do instituto do equilíbrio reflexivo, a Justiça Restaurativa ser pensada justamente como um mecanismo de adequação aos princípios essenciais de uma sociedade cooperativa. / Access to justice is the theme that more directly equates the relations between process and social justice, formal-legal equality and socioeconomic inequality. The constitutional praise of the new economic and social rights and their expansion alongside the Welfare State turned the right to effective access to justice into a key one, a right whose denial would lead to the denial of all other rights. Hence the conclusion that the organization of justice cannot be reduced to its technical, socially neutral dimension; instead, its social functions must be investigated, particularly in regard to the way technical possibilities convey options in favor of or against social interests that may diverge or even antagonize. Since the 1970s, many researchers and social analysts have contributed to question the ways of conflict resolution that characterize the Modern State, as well as to point ways and problematize concrete experiences of informalization, non-judicialization, mediation and arbitration that emerge. Considering access to justice as a primordial right without which the other ones do not materialize and taking into account these ways of conflict resolution, this work aims to analyze whether Restorative Justice is able to extend the access to justice in its material and formal dimensions. Currently, the United Nations recognizes the importance of Restorative Justice, since its practice enables social pacification by means of suggesting a reevaluation of the criminologic phenomenon already in its causes and also of the application of justice and its future consequences. To get to the central point of the work, John Rawls\' theory on justice as fairness, by means of the institute of the reflective equilibrium, is important for Restorative Justice to be thought exactly as a mechanism of adequacy to the essential principles of a cooperative society.

In the light of present problems with stress related illness in organizations, often affecting women working in health care, the purpose of the current study was to examine proactive and malleable factors that could influence nurse’s perception of work stressors. Based on a model, self-efficacy and grouped organizational factors were examined as antecedents to the outcome of anxiety and stress via cognitive appraisals. The mediating role of the cognitive appraisals was further examined. The sample consists of 117 nurses and assistant nurses of which 112 were females working at a hospital in southern Sweden. The analyses were conducted with simple and multiple regressions. The result revealed that self-efficacy and the organizational factor together serve as antecedents to cognitive appraisals of stress, however, contrary to previous research, not to all appraisals. The mediating role of the cognitive appraisals showed that the harm appraisal mediate the relation between the organizational factor and the outcome of both anxiety and stress. The threat appraisal is found to partly mediate the relation between the organizational factor and the anxiety outcome as well as the stress outcome. The result further showed a none mediation role for the challenge appraisal between any of the antecedents and the outcomes, which suggest that the challenge appraisal do not serve as an underlying mechanism in either relationship. Other relations in the model are further shown and discussed in the study together with limitations, implications and suggestions of future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Antonio Zvirblis.pdf: 726911 bytes, checksum: 7f111ee7f1a3adefaac48dcf56f2630b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-28 / This dissertation is based on the distributive justice theory of John Rawls. It has the purpose of stressing that the theory of justice as fairness supports, in contemporary world, the maximization in the distribution of primary goods which are essential to human dignity in favor of the least fortunate, who are in the worst position in the social ladder, without jeopardizing the inviolability of individuality, which for Rawls is essential: ―Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override.‖ Rawls equitable justice stems from original position, which is contractualist, in that the parties are placed behind the veil of ignorance, with no knowledge of the external world and the social position of each participant, in order to permit the founding of principles of justice that are impartial. , the present dissertation seeks to contribute to the understanding that the theory of justice establishes, in the original position, the principles of justice which all agree with and accept to live under a cooperative liberal democratic system, convinced that the primary goods, increasingly scarce in the face of a growing demand and nobody willing to accept a smaller share, will be distributed in an equitable manner, maximizing the distribution to the least endowed in society / A presente tese é alicerçada na justiça equitativa de JOHN RAWLS. Tem a finalidade a destacar, na atualidade, que a teoria da justiça como equidade procura maximizar a distribuição dos bens primários, essenciais à dignidade humana, em favor dos menos afortunados, que estão na pior posição da escala social, sem prejudicar a inviolabilidade da individualidade, que para RAWLS é de suma importância: ―cada pessoa possui uma individualidade fundada na justiça que nem mesmo o bem-estar da sociedade como um todo pode ignorar‖. A justiça equitativa tem sua origem na posição original, posição esta contratualista, em que as partes são colocadas sob o véu de ignorância, com desconhecimento total do mundo externo e da posição social de cada participante, a fim de que sejam estabelecidos os princípios de justiça de forma imparcial. Portanto, a presente tese tem o escopo contributivo de que a teoria da justiça estabelece, na posição original, os princípios de justiça com os quais todos concordam e passam a conviver em um sistema cooperativo liberal democrático, convictos de que os bens primários, cada vez mais escassos em frente de uma demanda cada vez maior, por ninguém se contentar com uma fatia menor, serão distribuídos equitativamente, maximizando a distribuição aos menos favorecidos

Le développement du commerce électronique a révolutionné tous les aspects de l’activité marchande, et notamment les éléments du marketing-mix. En particulier, de nouvelles formes de prix ont émergé, et les académiciens aussi bien que les praticiens doivent désormais faire face à de nouveaux défis. Des prix ayant plusieurs composantes, communément appelés prix complexes, sont désormais légion. La plupart des travaux marketing qui se sont intéressés à cette forme de prix ont insisté sur les biais cognitifs affectant leur estimation, en appelant les vendeurs à en faire un moyen pour réduire le sacrifice monétaire perçu, ce qui permet de multiplier les ventes. Cependant, rares sont les chercheurs qui ont averti aux risques liés à de telles pratiques. S’inscrivant dans un objectif de pallier à cette limite, cette recherche a pour vocation de déterminer l’incidence de l’usage des prix complexes sur leur perception moyennant l’approche de trois aspects : (1) la détermination de certaines formes de présentation visuelle pouvant entacher le jugement de leur annonce (2) les répercussions de telles formes de présentation sur la justice perçue du prix, et en l’occurrence, sur des variables-clés de l’activité marchande telles que la valeur de l’offre et l’intention d’achat (3) et la prise en compte de différentes sources de variance à caractère situationnel. Les résultats d’une expérimentation conduite auprès de 504 répondants confirment l’intervention de la présentation visuelle d’un prix complexe dans la dégradation de sa justice perçue, en montrant le rôle déterminant du processus : La justice procédurale d’un prix complexe apparaît alors comme un pilier incontournable du jugement d’une offre. / One of e-commerce development implications is the metamorphosis of all marketing-mixaspects. Especially, new price forms have emerged, leading both academicians and managers to deal with new challenges. Prices with more than one component, known as complex prices, become the main form used within this channel. The dominant stream of marketing research interested within this area has focused on cognitive biases that affect complex price judgments. Most researchers have recommended managers to use this form of price in a manner that reduce perceived price, and therefore enhance sales. Regarding the lack of research considering negative effects of such tactics, the principal aim of this work is to put the spotlight on complex price incidence on its perception within three aspects: (1) the determination of visual presentation forms that may damage this perception (2) the effects of such presentation forms on complex price perceived fairness, and consequently, on determinant variables such as offer value and purchase intentions (3) and the control of moderating variables associated with situational differences. The results of an experiment conducted on 504 respondents show the presence of a degradation of complex price perceivedfairness caused by its visual presentation form, with a determinant contribution of the process: procedural fairness is henceforth an essential pillar of an offer judgment.

Avec le développement rapide du commerce électronique, la vente multi-canaux, du type « brick-and-mortar » et vente en ligne est le standard pour les vendeurs en 2016. Cependant, cette stratégie ne garantit pas toujours le succès des détaillants dans les campagnes commerciales. La plupart du temps les difficultés proviennent d’un manque de coordination efficace entre la boutique en ligne et son homologue hors ligne selon leurs attributs respectifs. Sur la base du concept de congruence perçu, cette thèse étudie l'évaluation par les sujets des attributs des magasins entre les différents canaux du marché multicanaux chinois. Les résultats d’études du type « Depth Interview » (étude 1), montrent que les consommateurs chinois préfèrent le comportement commercial multicanaux. Ils aiment la congruence entre les canaux, mais espèrent aussi profiter des situations non-congruentes, ce qui indique leur propension à comparer les prix et l'assortiment entre canaux. Les deux études quantitatives ont identifié la congruence perçue comme un facteur déterminant pour l'évaluation des détaillants par les sujets. Plus précisément, plus les sujets perçoivent de la congruence dans la politique de prix entre les canaux, plus les sujets jugent les prix justes. des prix équitables, se traduisent par une attitude plus favorable envers le vendeur (étude 2). En revanche, lorsque les sujets perçoivent plus d’incongruité dans l'assortiment cross-canaux, ils considèrent que le choix est plus important (étude 3). Mais cette conséquence ne se produit que lorsque le processus cognitif n’est pas contraint. En outre, quand un prix équitable est perçu et qu’une variété est perçue les deux sont identifiés comme médiateurs de l'effet de la perception de congruence sur l'attitude des sujets envers les détaillants. En outre, l’implication des sujets dans l’expérimentation ne supporte pas statistiquement l'effet de modération en interaction avec la congruence perception sur des sujets de l'évaluation en ce qui concerne les attributs du canal de distribution, mais l'effet marginal dans la visualisation indique que les chercheurs doivent, dans les études futures, continuer l'étude des influences pertinentes entre l’implioation et la congruence perçue. / Along with the globally rapid development of e-commerce, multichannel retail including both brick-and-mortar and online stores is in 2016 the standard for the sellers. However, such justified strategy not always guarantee retailers’ success in commercial campaigns. Most of the time the difficulties arised from the lack of efficient coordination between the online store and its offline counterpart based upon their respective attributes. On the basis of the percieved congruence concept, this dissertation investigates subjects’ evaluation on store attributes between the different channels of the Chinese multichannel retail market. Through the Depth Interview (Study 1), it was found that Chinese multichannel consumers prefer the multichannel shopping behavior. They like the between-channel congruence but also expect to enjoy the incongruent situation which indicates their propensity to compare the between-channel prices and assortment. The two quantitative studies identified the perceived congruence as a determinant to the subjects’ evaluation towards the retailer. More precisely, the more congruence subjects perceive from the cross-channel price policy, the more price fairness subjects judge, turns in more favorable attitude toward the retailer (Study 2). In contrast, when the subjects perceive more schema incongruity, from the cross-channel assortment, they evaluate more variety (Study 3). But this consequence only occurs when the cognitive process is not constrained. In addition, both price fairness perception and variety perception are identified to mediate the effect of congruence perception on subjects’ attitude toward retailers. Besides, subjects’ experimental involvement, does not statistically support the moderation effect interacting with congruence perception on subjects’ evaluation regarding channel store attributes, but the marginal effect in visualization indicates that researchers must, in future study, keep investigating the relevant influences between involvement and congruence perception.

Over the past few decades, wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been widely deployed for data communication in indoor environments such as offices, houses, and airports. In order to fairly and efficiently use the unlicensed frequency band that Wi-Fi devices share, the devices follow a set of channel access rules, which is called a wireless medium access control (MAC) protocol. It is known that wireless devices following the 802.11 standard MAC protocol, i.e. the distributed coordination function (DCF), suffer from packet collisions when multiple nodes simultaneously transmit. This significantly degrades the throughput performance. Recently, several studies have reported access techniques to reduce the number of packet collisions and to achieve a collision free WLAN. Although these studies have shown that the number of collisions can be reduced to zero in a simple way, there have been a couple of remaining issues to solve, such as dynamic parameter adjustment and fairness to legacy DCF nodes in terms of channel access opportunity. Recently, In-Band Full Duplex (IBFD) communication has received much attention, because it has significant potential to improve the communication capacity of a radio band. IBFD means that a node can simultaneously transmit one signal and receive another signal in the same band at the same time. In order to maximize the performance of IBFD communication capability and to fairly share access to the wireless medium among distributed devices in WLANs, a number of IBFD MAC protocols have been proposed. However, little attention has been paid to fairness issues between half duplex nodes (i.e. nodes that can either transmit or receive but not both simultaneously in one time-frequency resource block) and IBFD capable nodes in the presence of the hidden node problem.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux modèles de calcul dans les réseaux d'objets à capacité restreinte, tels que les réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Nous nous focalisons sur les protocoles de population proposés par Angluin et al. Dans ce modèle, les objets sont représentés par des agents à états finis, passivement mobiles, communiquant entre paires et formant un réseau asynchrone et anonyme. Nous présentons deux études comparatives qui nous permettent par la suite de proposer une approche établissant le lien des protocoles de population avec deux autres modèles : le modèle des tâches avec les systèmes de réécritures de graphes, et le modèle asynchrone et anonyme d'échange de messages. Nous passons ensuite au problème d'ordonnancement dans les protocoles de population. Nous proposons un nouvel ordonnanceur probabiliste, 1-central, basé sur les rendez-vous randomisés et appelé HS Scheduler. Contrairement aux autres ordonnanceurs,il permet à plus d'une paire de communiquer à la fois. Nous prouvons qu'il est équitable avec probabilité 1. Nous analysons par la suite les termes Nous analysons par la suite les temps de stabilisation de certains protocoles s'exécutant sous le Random Scheduler ou le HS Scheduleret sur différentes topologies du graphe d'interaction. Nous prouvons que le HS Scheduler est équivalent en temps au Random Scheduler quand le graphe d'interaction est complet mais qu'il permet une stabilisation plus rapide quand le graphe est aléatoire. Par la suite,nous proposons un autre ordonnanceur qui prend en considération les états des agents et permet d'introduire la terminaison à certains protocoles : le Prorotol Aware HS Scheduler.Nous prouvons qu'il est équitable avec probabilité 1. Nous faisons l'analyse des temps de stabilisation de certains protocoles s'exécutant sous cet ordonnanceur en considérant différentes topologies du graphe d'interaction. Finalement, nous implémentons et simulons sur ViSiDiA l'ensemble des scénarios étudiés et validons nos résultats théoriques. / In this work, we consider computing models for networks of tiny objects suchas wireless sensor networks. We focus on the population protocols, a pairwise computationalmodel introduced by Angluin et al. where the tiny objects are represented byanonymous, passively mobile, finite state agents forming asynchronous networks. Weestablish two comparative studies between the population protocol model (and its extensions)and the two following ones: tasks with graph relabeling systems, and anonymousasynchronous message passing. These studies aim to establish possible mappings betweenthe population protocols and these two models. We then focus on the scheduling of thepairwise interactions in population protocols. We propose the HS Scheduler, a new probabilistic1-central scheduler based on randomized handshakes. Compared to the existingschedulers, this scheduler allows to more than one pair of agents to communicate simultaneously.We prove that this scheduler is fair with probability 1. We thereafter presentanalyses of the complexity of the stabilization time of some protocols running under thescheduling of the Random Scheduler and the HS Scheduler, and over different topologiesof the interaction graph. We prove that these two schedulers are time equivalent withComputing Models for Networks of Tiny Objects iiirespect to these protocols when the interaction graph is complete, however computationsunder the HS Scheduler stabilize faster when the interaction graph is random. We then introducethe Protocol Aware HS Scheduler, a slightly modifed version of the HS Schedulerthat takes into account the states of the agents and allows termination in some protocols.We also prove that this scheduler is fair with probability 1. We present analyses of thetime complexity of some protocols running under the scheduling of the Protocol AwareHS Scheduler and over dfferent structures of the interaction graph. We implement thedifferent scenarios in ViSiDiA, and validate through simulations our theoretical results.

Esta dissertação é o resultado de um estudo de caso que abordou as relações entre o financiamento do ensino fundamental e as condições de oferta de educação de qualidade em escolas do município de Porto Alegre, à luz dos princípios do direito à educação e da igualdade de condições de acesso e permanência e equidade, princípios esses amparados na legislação nacional e nos acordos internacionais. No plano conceitual, essa dissertação foi orientada pelos conceitos de igualdade e eqüidade, os quais ofereceram o suporte para as defesas que se buscou fazer ao tratar da necessidade do Poder Público garantir investimentos na escola pública e desenvolver políticas reparadoras às classes sociais desfavorecidas para que o acesso ampliado à escola possa se converter em sucesso escolar. Da mesma forma, defendeu-se a necessidade de que seja (re)introduzido o conceito de igualdade na agenda das políticas do setor educacional, pensado como distribuições desiguais justas, tendo o cuidado de alertar que essa acepção de igualdade não se contrapõe ao respeito à diversidade reivindicada pelos setores que defendem os direitos dessa fatia dos excluídos. Como recurso metodológico foram utilizadas as técnicas da aplicação de questionários semiestruturados, entrevistas, análise documental e observação direta. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em três escolas de ensino fundamental da cidade de Porto Alegre, sendo uma escola privada que atende alunos de classe média e duas escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino, situadas na periferia da cidade, que atendem alunos de classe popular. / This work is the result of a case study that approaches the relationship between public education financing and the conditions of provision of qualified education in the schools of Porto Alegre municipality, under the principles of education rights and equality of access, permanence and equity, all of them protected by national law and international agreements. The theoretical framework of this work was oriented by the concepts of equality and equity, which gave support to the defence we tried to make of the idea that Public Power needs to assure investments in basic school, and to develop policies that repair impoverished social classes so that the widened access to school leads to school success. In the same way, we defended the (re)introduction of the concept of equality in the agenda of the educational sector policies, seen as fair yet not equal distribution, noting that this meaning of the word equality is not disrespectful of the idea of diversity claimed by the sectors that defend the rights of this category of excluded people. As a methodological resource, semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, documentary analysis, and direct observation were used as techniques. The research was carried on in three basic schools in Porto Alegre: a private school attended by middle class students and two schools attended by popular class students, located in a suburb, and belonging to the Rede Municipal de Ensino.

O tema do acesso à justiça é aquele que mais diretamente equaciona as relações entre o processo e a justiça social, entre igualdade jurídico-formal e desigualdade socioeconômica. A consagração constitucional dos novos direitos econômicos e sociais e sua expansão paralela à do Estado-Providência transformou o direito ao acesso efetivo à justiça em um direito-chave, um direito cuja denegação acarretaria a de todos os demais. Daí a constatação de que a organização da justiça não pode ser reduzida à sua dimensão técnica, socialmente neutra, devendo investigar-se as funções sociais por elas desempenhadas e, em particular, o modo como as possibilidades técnicas no seu seio veiculam opções a favor ou contra interesses sociais divergentes ou mesmo antagônicos. Desde a década de 70 do século passado, diversos pesquisadores e analistas sociais têm contribuído para colocar em questão as formas de resolução de conflitos características do Estado Moderno, bem como para apontar caminhos e problematizar as experiências concretas de informalização, desjudicialização, mediação e arbitragem que vão surgindo. Pensando no acesso à justiça como um direito primordial sem o qual os demais direitos não se concretizam e nesses meios de resolução de conflitos, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar se a Justiça Restaurativa é capaz de ampliar o acesso à justiça em sua dimensão material e formal. Atualmente, a importância da Justiça Restaurativa é reconhecida inclusive pela ONU, já que sua prática tem possibilitado a pacificação social, na medida em que sugere uma reavaliação do fenômeno criminológico desde suas causas, passando pela aplicação da justiça ate suas consequências futuras. Para chegar ao objetivo do trabalho, a teoria de John Rawls sobre a justiça como equidade é importante para, por meio do instituto do equilíbrio reflexivo, a Justiça Restaurativa ser pensada justamente como um mecanismo de adequação aos princípios essenciais de uma sociedade cooperativa. / Access to justice is the theme that more directly equates the relations between process and social justice, formal-legal equality and socioeconomic inequality. The constitutional praise of the new economic and social rights and their expansion alongside the Welfare State turned the right to effective access to justice into a key one, a right whose denial would lead to the denial of all other rights. Hence the conclusion that the organization of justice cannot be reduced to its technical, socially neutral dimension; instead, its social functions must be investigated, particularly in regard to the way technical possibilities convey options in favor of or against social interests that may diverge or even antagonize. Since the 1970s, many researchers and social analysts have contributed to question the ways of conflict resolution that characterize the Modern State, as well as to point ways and problematize concrete experiences of informalization, non-judicialization, mediation and arbitration that emerge. Considering access to justice as a primordial right without which the other ones do not materialize and taking into account these ways of conflict resolution, this work aims to analyze whether Restorative Justice is able to extend the access to justice in its material and formal dimensions. Currently, the United Nations recognizes the importance of Restorative Justice, since its practice enables social pacification by means of suggesting a reevaluation of the criminologic phenomenon already in its causes and also of the application of justice and its future consequences. To get to the central point of the work, John Rawls\' theory on justice as fairness, by means of the institute of the reflective equilibrium, is important for Restorative Justice to be thought exactly as a mechanism of adequacy to the essential principles of a cooperative society.