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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur socionomstudenter under uppväxten påverkades av föräldrarnas separation och följande förändringar såsom nya familjekonstellationer samt hur dessa erfarenheter kan kopplas till utbildningsval och framtida socionomroll. Studiens data består av fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med socionomstudenter som går sin sjätte termin på Södertörns Högskola. En av informanterna hade dock inte upplevt någon ny familjekonstellation efter föräldrarnas separation. Den valda analysmetoden för denna studie utgår från en övergriplig kvalitativ metod som består av att koda, tematisera och summera. Tillsammans med den valda analysmetoden analyserades resultatet utifrån tidigare forskning och teoretiska perspektiv såsom coping, systemteori och wounded healer. Studiens resultat visar att majoriteten av informanterna hade det svårt hemma innan skilsmässan på grund av föräldrakonflikter. Resultatet presenterar även skilda upplevelser av att leva i en ny familjekonstellation då både positiva och negativa upplevelser uppmärksammats. Även belystes positiva och negativa aspekter av olika boendeformer, förändringar i relation till föräldrar samt skillnader i känslor och hantering. Gemensamt för informanterna är att föräldrarnas skilsmässa inte haft en direkt påverkan på utbildningsval men att de kan se fördelar med att ha upplevt en föräldraseparation för deras framtida yrkesroll och deras förståelse för klienter. / The purpose of this study was to explore how social work students were impacted by their parents' divorce and the changes that followed, as well as how these experiences can be linked to the choice of education and their future profession. The empirical data consists of semi-structured interviews with students at Södertörn University studying their sixth semester to receive a bachelor's degree in social work. The four informants, except one, all experienced new family structures post-divorce. The chosen analysis method is the constant comparative method consisting of coding, thematization and summarizing. The analysis also includes previous research and theoretical perspectives such as coping, systems theory and wounded healer. The results showed that three of the informants experienced parental conflict prior to parental separation. The results also presented differences regarding experiences of new family structures due to both positive and negative aspects being mentioned. Contrasts within the results also displayed in changes in the parent-child relationship, emotions and coping as well as living arrangements. All informants stated that the parental divorce did not have a direct impact on the choice of education and occupation, however they could all acknowledge it resulting in increased understanding and compassion for future clients.

No description available.

Objectif: Examiner le lien entre la participation des parents aux activités physiques (AP) de leur enfant et les habitudes de vie et le statut pondéral de ces derniers. Méthode: Les données proviennent de l’Enquête Sociale et Santé des Enfants et des Adolescent Québécois (1999), comprenant des échantillons représentatifs de jeunes de 9, 13 et 16 ans (n=2511). L’implication des parents est définie par aucun, 1 seul, ou 2 parents faisant de l’AP avec leur enfant ≥1/semaine. Un rappel 7 jours a servi à classer les jeunes selon leur niveau d’AP, soit faible, modéré ou élevé. Le temps d’écran a été défini par: ≤14 vs. >14 heures/semaine. Le statut pondéral a été défini selon les critères de Cole. Résultats: Lorsque les deux parents participent aux AP du jeune, le niveau d’AP des adolescents de 13 (OR 3.89, IC 95%: 1.85-8.18) et 16 ans (OR 3.45, IC 95%: 1.32-9.01) est davantage élevé, et le temps d’écran moindre (OR 2.36, IC 95%: 1.30-4.25) chez ceux de 13 ans. Des analyses secondaires montrent que le lien entre l’implication des parents et le niveau d’AP des jeunes est présent chez les familles biparentales seulement; le lien avec le temps d’écran est présent dans les quartiers sécuritaires seulement. Aucune association n’est observée pour le statut pondéral. Conclusion: Les stratégies de promotion de la santé ciblant la participation des parents aux AP de leurs enfants pourraient réduire le fardeau des maladies chroniques, étant donné l’association favorable entre leur implication et les habitudes de vie des jeunes. / Objective: To examine the association between parental involvement in their child’s physical activity (PA) and child lifestyle behaviours and weight status. Methods: Data were from the 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey, comprising representative samples of youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. Parental involvement in PA with their child was assessed and measured as both, one, or neither parent engaging in PA with their child ≥once/week, based on parent reports. A 7-day PA recall was used to categorize youth as inactive, moderately-active, or highly-active. Screen time was classified as ≤14 and >14 hours of TV and video viewing/week. Overweight status was defined according to Cole’s sex- and age-specific BMI cut-points. Results: Participants (n=2511) with both parents engaging in PA with them ≥once/week (vs. neither parent) were more likely to be highly-active at ages 13 (OR 3.89, 95% CI: 1.85-8.18) and 16 (OR 3.45, 95% CI: 1.32-9.01), and to report ≤14 hours/week of screen time at age 13 (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.30-4.25). No associations were observed for weight status. We examined effect modification in post-hoc analyses; the association between parental involvement and youth PA was present in two-parent households only, while the association between parental involvement and screen time was only present in neighbourhoods perceived to be safe by parents. Conclusion: Health promotion strategies targeting parental involvement in youth PA may reduce the future burden of chronic disease, given the favorable association of parental involvement with several youth lifestyle behaviours.

Even though power and influence of children on family buying behavior is growing little is known about their involvement. Previous studies of family and household consumption often neglect the role of children in decision-making, but nowadays, children are becoming one of the most powerful influencers in family buying behavior. They dominate family buying decision and can influence their parents in many product categories from cars till regular grocery shopping and therefore the question arises, what influences children when requesting products and what strategies they use to make their parents yield to their requests. Thus, this research paper tries to explain how are influence strategies that children use and family complexity related to parents buying behavior of groceries. The primary data have been collected through an electronic questionnaire, which resulted in sample of 164 parents respondents from around the globe. The data were analyzed by using various statistical tools and concluded that (1) aggressive, persuasion, rational and knowledge strategies are positively affecting parents buying behavior, (2) non-traditional family structure has positive impact on buying behavior, (3) older children have more influence power over parents buying behavior and (4) number of children has no significant influence on parents buying behavior.

Novas configurações familiares ganham espaço e visibilidade na sociedade contemporânea e aumenta o número de pessoas que opta pela não-maternidade/paternidade. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é o de investigar as motivações conscientes e inconscientes que levam os casais heterossexuais a escolherem não ter filhos. Os participantes foram três casais sem filhos por opção, com idades entre 38 e 49 anos, sendo que as mulheres, em fase próxima ao final da possibilidade de reprodução, localizavam-se na faixa entre 41 e 44 anos. Eram casais da população não-clínica, com mais de oito anos de escolaridade, casados há, no mínimo, quatro anos. Com base na metodologia clínica-qualitativa, foram utilizados, como instrumentos, uma entrevista semi-dirigida com os dois membros do par conjuntamente e a aplicação individual das pranchas I, II, IV, V, VII MF (para as mulheres), X e XVI do TAT, analisados de acordo com o referencial da psicanálise, adotando-se, em especial, a psicanálise das configurações vinculares como referência teórica. As principais motivações declaradas pelos casais para a ausência voluntária de filhos envolvem um estilo de vida orientado para o mundo adulto, objetivos relacionados à carreira e ao desenvolvimento profissional, prioridade dada à satisfação conjugal, experiência com modelos de parentalidade, fatores de personalidade e de habilidade parental, entre outros. Em relação aos tipos de vinculação estabelecidos, observa-se uma variedade, enfatizando-se a singularidade de cada caso, havendo, entretanto, possibilidade de criatividade, desenvolvimento e flexibilidade. A tomada da decisão por não procriar mostra-se consensual ao menos em nível consciente, além de ser atravessada pelas experiências geracionais nas famílias de origem. É possível, também, um relacionamento positivo e satisfatório daqueles que optam por não ter filhos com suas profissões. Percebe-se o quanto a experiência da opção pela não-parentalidade é multideterminada e pode envolver diferentes níveis de ambivalência ou de conflito, assim como variadas maneiras de lidar com eles. Conclui-se, portanto, sobre a importância de se pensar a profundidade da experiência de cada casal em toda a sua complexidade, verificandose que, mesmo que as motivações declaradas tenham sido semelhantes, o interjogo inconsciente que leva a esta escolha é sempre único. / Distinctive familial configurations are gaining ground and legitimacy in contemporary society, and voluntary childlessness is increasing more and more. The general aim of this study is to investigate conscious and unconscious motivations leading couples to choose childlessness. The participants were three heterosexual childfree couples, aged from 38 to 49, and in which women neared the end of fecundity capacity, ages 41 to 44. These couples were selected from the non-clinical population, had eight years or more of education, and were married for at least four years. Based on the clinical-qualitative methodology, the instruments used were semi-directed interview with both members of the couple together, and the individual application of the following TAT pictures: I, II, IV, V, VII (women only), X and XVI, analyzed from a psychoanalytical reference. The particular theory adopted was the psychoanalysis of attachment configurations. The couples\' reported main motivations for childlessness involved: an adult-oriented lifestyle, career and professional goals, the priority given to the marital satisfaction, personality and parenting styles and skills, etc. It was observed a variety of kinds of marital rapport established by the couples, and the singularity in each case was emphasized. In the rapports, however, it was verified the possibility of creativity, development and flexibility. The decision-making process seemed to be consensual, at least at the conscious level, being also influenced by the generational experiences of the families of origin. In addition, it was observed that those childless by choice couples had a positive relationship with their professions. The study points at the many-sided quality of the experience of voluntary childlessness, which involves a wide range of ambiguity and conflict, and various ways of dealing with them. Therefore, it was concluded that it is important to consider the depth of the experience for each couple, taking into account all of its complexity. Even if the reported motivations were similar, the unconscious circumstances that lead to that choice might be unique.

Este estudo visa compreender a adequação dos rendimentos às necessidades e condições de vida dos brasileiros. Observando os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) realizada pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) para o período: 2008 e 2009, o estudo identifica um modelo que se concentra na investigação sobre o fato de 75% dos domicílios brasileiros declararem dificuldades orçamentárias. Para desenvolver um modelo, foi utilizada a percepção declarada e subjetiva de adequação da renda, informada pelo chefe de família ou pessoa de referência no domicílio. O referencial teórico baseia-se no comportamento do consumidor e foca nos recursos econômicos. O método quantitativo foi desenvolvido com Inteligência Artificial, mais especificamente Redes Bayesianas. Redes Bayesianas são estruturas em forma de grafos onde as distribuições de probabilidade são representadas por nós ligados por arcos acíclicos, que podem representar ou não relações causais entre as variáveis. No final pretende-se contribuir para o conhecimento e melhoria no desenho de políticas públicas e para as empresas em geral, dando um panorama sobre o que afeta as dificuldades das famílias, proporcionando uma visão que vai além da tradicional divisão de classes econômicas. / This study aims to understand the adequacy of Brazilians´ income to their needs and living conditions. According to the data from the Household Budget Survey (POF) conducted by IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) for the years of 2008 - 2009, the study identifies a model which focuses on the investigations about the fact that 75% of Brazilian households reported budgetary difficulties. To develop a model, was used the perceived adequacy of income declared by the householder or reference person in the household. The theoretical framework was based on consumer behavior and focuses on economic resources. The quantitative method was developed by Artificial Intelligence, specifically Bayesian Networks. Bayesian Networks are structures in the form of graphs for which the probability distributions are represented by nodes connected by acyclic arcs, which may or may not represent causal relationships between variables. At the end we intend to contribute to knowledge and improvement in the design of public policies and business in general, giving a more detailed look at what affects the difficulties of families, providing a vision that goes beyond the traditional division of economic classes.

本研究的主要目的在探討認輔學生與認輔學生的家庭結構（生親家庭、單親家庭）、性別（男、女）及依附風格（父子、母子、同儕）對其行為表現（人際關係、價值觀）的影響。且為達成研究目的，首先蒐集有關文獻與理論，建立研究架構與待答的問題。再採用個人基本資料表、依附風格量表、人際關係量表、價值觀量表等研究工具，取得合於研究需求之樣本 232 人（認輔學生 116 人、一班學生 116 人），經以單因子變異數分析、雙因子變異數分析、單純主要效果事後考驗、典型相關分析及卡方考驗等統計方法進行分析。 本研究結果如下： 1.認輔學生來自單親家庭的比例高於一般學生；一般學生來自生親家庭者高於來自單親家庭。 2.認輔學生中，男生遠多餘女生。 3.認輔學生的父子依附風格屬於逃避型者最多、其次是焦慮矛盾型，最後為安全性型依附風格。一般學生最多為安全型、其次是逃避型，最後為焦慮矛盾型依附風格。 4.認輔學生母子依附風格屬於逃避型者最多，其次為安全型，焦慮矛盾型依附風格最少。一般學生的安全型者最高，其次為逃避型，最後為矛盾型依附風格。 5.認輔學生同儕依附風格屬於逃避行者最多、其次為安全型，焦慮矛盾型者最後。一般學生屬於安全型者最多，其次為焦慮矛盾型，最後為逃避型依附風格。 6.認輔學生的父子、母子、同儕依附風格，在逃避型表現上高於一般學生，但在焦慮矛盾型、安全型的依附風格類型上，則低於一般學生。 7.認輔學生的母子及同儕依附風格，在逃避型表現上，高於一般學生。在父子依附風格上，則在安全型的表現上高於認輔學生。 8.來自生親家庭的一般學生，其父子依附風格在安全型的表現上，高於認輔學生；來自單親家庭的認輔學生，其父子依附風格在安全型的表現上高於一般學生。一般學生中，來自生親家庭的，在安全型依附風格上，表現高於單親家庭；認輔學生中，來自安親家庭的，在安全型依附風格上，表現高於生親家庭。 9.來自不同家庭結構的認輔學生，其母子依附風格與一般學生無顯著差異存在。 10.來自生親家庭的認輔學生，其同儕依附風格在焦慮矛盾型的表現高於一般學生；來自單親家庭的一般學生，其父子依附風格在焦慮矛盾型上高於認輔學生；一般學生中，來自單親家庭的，在焦慮矛盾依附風格上，表現高於生親家庭；認輔學生中，來自生親家庭的，在焦慮矛盾型依附風格上，表現高於單親家庭。 11.不同性別的一般學生和認輔學生，其父子、母子及同儕依附風格無顯著的差異存在。 12.認輔學生比一般學生有較低的良好人際關係上，較高的不良人際關係；且在自我監控、希望概念與樂觀方面較一般學生來的低。 13.來自不同家庭結構的認輔學生和一般學生在人際關係的表現上並無顯著的差異存在。但來自生親家庭中的一般學生，其在自我監控、建設思考的表現上高於來自一般學生；來自單親家庭的認輔學生，其在自我監控、建設思考的表現上高於一般學生。一般學生中，在我自監控、建設思考的表現，生親家庭表現高於單親家庭；認輔學生中，在自我監控、建設思考的表現上，單親家庭高於生親家庭。 14.不同性別的認輔學生和一般學生，其人際關係及價值觀的表現並無顯著的差異存在。 15.認輔學生和一般學生的父子、母子及同儕依附風格，對人際關係和價值觀的表現並無顯著的差異存在。 16.家庭結構、性別、依附風格等變項，能有效解釋參與研究一般學生和認輔學生的行為表現，解釋量達 2.667%。

The closing decades of the 20th century have witnessed a large increase in the numbers of young people remaining in education post-16 rather than entering the labour market. Concurrently, overall educational attainment in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) qualifications in England and Wales has steadily increased since their introduction in 1988. The 1990s represent a key period of change in these trends. Some sociologists argue that processes of detraditionalisation have occurred whereby previous indicators of social inequality, such as social class, are less relevant to the transitions of young people from school to work. Sociologists from other traditions argue that inequalities persist in the stratification of educational attainment by the family backgrounds of young people but that these factors have changed during this period. This thesis is an investigation of the influence of family background factors upon GCSE attainment during the 1990s. This includes extensive statistical analysis of measures of parental occupation, parental education and family structure with gender, ethnicity, school type and housing tenure type within the Youth Cohort Study of England and Wales. These analyses include over 100,000 respondents in 6 cohorts of school leavers with the harmonisation of data from cohort 6 (1992) to the Youth Cohort Time Series for England, Wales and Scotland 1984-2002 (Croxford, Ianelli and Shapira 2007). By adding the 1992 data to existing 1990s cohorts, the statistical models fitted apply to the complete set of 1990s cohorts and are therefore able to provide insight for the whole of this period. Strong differentials by parental occupation persist throughout the 1990s and do not diminish despite the overall context of rising attainment. This relationship remains net of the other factors listed, irrespective of the measure of parental occupation or the GCSE attainment outcome measure used. This builds upon and supports previous work conducted using the Youth Cohort Study and suggests that stratification in educational attainment remains a significant factor. Gender and ethnicity remain further sources of persistent stratification in GCSE attainment. Following a discussion of the weighting system and features of the Youth Cohort Study as a dataset, a thorough investigation of missing data is included, with the results of multiply imputed datasets used to examine the potential for missing data to bias estimates. This includes a critique of these approaches in the context of survey data analysis. The findings from this investigation suggest the importance of survey data collection methods, the limitations of post-survey bias correction methods and provide a thorough investigation of the data. The analysis then develops and expands previous work by investigating variation in GCSE attainment by subjects studied, through Latent Class Analysis of YCS cohort 6 (1992). Of the four groups identified in the model, a clear division is noted between those middle-attaining groups with respect to attainment in Science and Mathematics. GCSE attainment in combinations of subjects studied is stratified particularly with respect to gender and ethnicity. This research offers new insight into the role of family background factors in GCSE attainment by subject combination.

Objectif: Examiner le lien entre la participation des parents aux activités physiques (AP) de leur enfant et les habitudes de vie et le statut pondéral de ces derniers. Méthode: Les données proviennent de l’Enquête Sociale et Santé des Enfants et des Adolescent Québécois (1999), comprenant des échantillons représentatifs de jeunes de 9, 13 et 16 ans (n=2511). L’implication des parents est définie par aucun, 1 seul, ou 2 parents faisant de l’AP avec leur enfant ≥1/semaine. Un rappel 7 jours a servi à classer les jeunes selon leur niveau d’AP, soit faible, modéré ou élevé. Le temps d’écran a été défini par: ≤14 vs. >14 heures/semaine. Le statut pondéral a été défini selon les critères de Cole. Résultats: Lorsque les deux parents participent aux AP du jeune, le niveau d’AP des adolescents de 13 (OR 3.89, IC 95%: 1.85-8.18) et 16 ans (OR 3.45, IC 95%: 1.32-9.01) est davantage élevé, et le temps d’écran moindre (OR 2.36, IC 95%: 1.30-4.25) chez ceux de 13 ans. Des analyses secondaires montrent que le lien entre l’implication des parents et le niveau d’AP des jeunes est présent chez les familles biparentales seulement; le lien avec le temps d’écran est présent dans les quartiers sécuritaires seulement. Aucune association n’est observée pour le statut pondéral. Conclusion: Les stratégies de promotion de la santé ciblant la participation des parents aux AP de leurs enfants pourraient réduire le fardeau des maladies chroniques, étant donné l’association favorable entre leur implication et les habitudes de vie des jeunes. / Objective: To examine the association between parental involvement in their child’s physical activity (PA) and child lifestyle behaviours and weight status. Methods: Data were from the 1999 Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey, comprising representative samples of youth aged 9, 13, and 16 years. Parental involvement in PA with their child was assessed and measured as both, one, or neither parent engaging in PA with their child ≥once/week, based on parent reports. A 7-day PA recall was used to categorize youth as inactive, moderately-active, or highly-active. Screen time was classified as ≤14 and >14 hours of TV and video viewing/week. Overweight status was defined according to Cole’s sex- and age-specific BMI cut-points. Results: Participants (n=2511) with both parents engaging in PA with them ≥once/week (vs. neither parent) were more likely to be highly-active at ages 13 (OR 3.89, 95% CI: 1.85-8.18) and 16 (OR 3.45, 95% CI: 1.32-9.01), and to report ≤14 hours/week of screen time at age 13 (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.30-4.25). No associations were observed for weight status. We examined effect modification in post-hoc analyses; the association between parental involvement and youth PA was present in two-parent households only, while the association between parental involvement and screen time was only present in neighbourhoods perceived to be safe by parents. Conclusion: Health promotion strategies targeting parental involvement in youth PA may reduce the future burden of chronic disease, given the favorable association of parental involvement with several youth lifestyle behaviours.