M.Ed. (Orthopedagogics) / The purpose of this study is to determine whether milieu-deprived school beginners reveal fear of failure and achievement motivation tendencies. Fear of failure is a phenomenon which normally occurs among all people, although it can vary in degrees of intensity. It would appear, from the literature, that fear of failure can be viewed as a specific form of anxiety which has a detrimental effect on achievement. Owing to the human functioning as a totality, the concepts of fear of failure and achievement motivation can not be examined in isolation, therefore the relationship between these concepts and those of anxiety and achievement has been investigated. Several researchers agree that pre-school children are quite capable of forming a clear notion concerning their personal capabilities and that motives are established in their pre-school years. Views expressed by researchers suggest that at school entry, motive preferences are already perceptible in school beginners; these children may be achievement motivated or reveal a fear of failure. The low achievement motivation and negative self-concept of milieu deprived school beginners are conspicuous at school entry. These children are neither able to measure up to the school's expectations nor actualize their potential properly because of limited experiences, deficient cognitive and language development, as well as inadequate concentration. This is a result of unfavourable educational circumstances and insufficient developmental opportunities during the pre-school period. The above-mentioned short-comings which milieu-deprived school beginners experience, cause anxiety. They perceive school as a threat and anticipate and fear failure...

The purpose of this study was to explore how college students reflectively describe their learning failure experiences, along with the major themes of those experiences. Through a series of in-depth interviews, four narrative cases written from the perspective of two college students were developed. These four cases were then carefully analyzed and cross-examined to generate a deeper understanding of college student learning failures. This study explored approximately 78 themes related to these four cases, which led to the development of six key components of college student learning failure experiences: Recognizing Learning Failures, Evaluating Learning Failures, Attributions for Learning Failures, Self-Discovery Through Learning Failure, Past Experience and Future Expectations, and Social Influence. These components helped to define an initial framework for guiding future research into college student learning failure experiences.

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The study was designed to determine the relationship between the psychological constructs of "fear of failure (FOF)" and "fear of success (FOS)" and motor performance in badminton. Forty-three males and fifty-one females in beginning badminton classes were administered the FOF and FOS scales, followed by three independent skills tests and a round-robin singles tournament. Conclusions were that FOF and FOS are two separate performance motives; FOF appears to be the dominant motive for females; both FOF and FOS are related to motor performance in face-to-face competition, while only FOS is related to performance in isolated skills.

This study aimed to investigate the antecedents and consequences ofachievement goals. While self efficacy, task value, fear of failure, perceived parents&rsquo / and teachers&rsquo / achievement goals were investigated as antecedents of achievement goals in science, students&rsquo / metacognition and coping strategies were examined as consequences of achievement goals in science. In this investigation, a model of the potential associations among these variables was proposed and tested by using path analysis. 977, 7th grade, elementary students participated in the study. According to the results, students&rsquo / higher levels of task value, perceived parents&rsquo / mastery goals, and perceived teachers&rsquo / mastery goals were positively related to mastery approach goals. Additionally, students&rsquo / higher levels of perceived parents&rsquo / mastery goals, fear of shame and embarrassment, fear of devaluing one&rsquo / s self-estimate were positively related to mastery avoidance goals. Concerning to performance goals, the model suggest that higher levels of self efficacy and perceived parents&rsquo / performance goals were positively related to performance approach goals. Furthermore, students&rsquo / higher level of task value, perceived parents&rsquo / performance goals and fear of upsetting important others were positively related to performance avoidance goals. The path model also suggest that students who adopt mastery approach goals tend to use more adaptive coping strategies, and less maladaptive coping strategies than others. Besides, students who adopt mastery avoidance goals tend to use maladaptive coping strategies when they face an academic failure in science. Moreover, students&rsquo / performance approach goals are related to both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. Lastiy students&rsquo / performance avoidance goals positively associated to metacognition.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the degree of performance anxiety that occurs in high school students who play sports. Sports and physical activity have a good effect on our body both physically and mentally. Health improves which can help us with everyday life. For high school students who play sports, it can be a lot with school and training at the same time, that you can feel pressure on yourself. That pressure can lead to stress and anxiety, which can negatively affect the athletes. In the study the research questions investigated the degree of performance anxiety in the sports high school students. Try to see if there is any difference in the degree of performance anxiety between girls and boys. If it differs from training and competition situations but also if there is a connection with stopping sports due to performance anxiety. We have carried out a case study and used a quantitative analysis method. There, a survey has been sent out and the processing of the data has been done with the help of SPSS. The results show that it is common to experience performance anxiety in connection with sports and it differs a little by gender. Girls are found to be more affected by performance anxiety than boys. It also shows that during competition, high school students are more affected by performance anxiety than training. The results also show that there is a connection between performance anxiety and quitting sports. The conclusion we can draw is that there is performance anxiety in high school students who play sports. They differ slightly between genders and occasions, depending on competition or training. If you stop your sport, we can see that performance anxiety can be a factor in students.

Titel: Känner sig ledare i fastighetsmäklarbranschen som en bluff? En kvantitativ studie om bluffkänslor hos ledare i fastighetsmäklarbranschen   Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi  Författare: Hanna Rynler och Filip Magnusson  Handledare: Jonas Molin Datum: 2022 – juni  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka upplevelsen av The Imposter Phenomenon, bluffsyndromet, hos ledare i fastighetsmäklarbranschen. Metod: Studien genomförs med en kvantitativ metod med utgångspunkt i en deduktiv forskningsansats. Undersökningens empiriska material har insamlats med hjälp av en enkät utformad med ett antal påståenden som ska besvaras på en 7-gradig likert-skala för att avgöra i vilken utsträckning mäklare upplever olika bluffkänslor. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att ledare i fastighetsmäklarbranschen upplever bluffsyndromet i liten grad, men att vissa specifika bluffkänslor är mer framträdande än andra. Både manliga och kvinnliga ledare drabbas av bluffkänslor, men vissa drabbar kvinnor i högre utsträckning. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar med ny kunskap om bluffkänslor i en bransch som tidigare inte studerats inom området. Genom studien skapas en medvetenhet om att bluffkänslorna förekommer vilket kan användas för att utveckla ledarskap och hjälpa ledare minska sin upplevelse av känslorna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att undersöka bluffkänslor i andra branscher samt hur det skiljer sig inom olika åldersgrupper.  Nyckelord: Bluffsyndromet, ledarskap, fastighetsmäklarbranschen, självkänsla, rädsla för att misslyckas / Title: Do leaders in the real estate industry feel like fraudsters? A quantitive study about feelings caused by the Imposter Phenomenon among leaders in the real estate industry.  Level: Final assignment for Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration  Author: Hanna Rynler and Filip Magnusson  Supervisor: Jonas Molin  Date: 2022 – June Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate the experience of The Imposter Phenomenon among leaders in the real estate industry.  Method: The study is carried out using a quantitative method based on a deductive research approach. The empirical material of the study was collected using a questionnaire designed with several statements to be answered on a 7-point likert scale to determine the extent to which brokers experience different symptoms of The Imposter Phenomenon.   Results and conclusions: The results show that leaders in the real estate industry experience The Imposter Phenomenon to a small degree, but that some specific feelings are more prominent than others. Both male and female leaders suffer from feelings of deception, but some affect women to a greater extent.    Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes with new knowledge about the Imposter Phenomenon feelings in an industry that has not previously been studied in the area. The study creates an awareness that the feelings of the Imposter Phenomenon occur, which can be used to develop leadership and help leaders reduce their experience of the feelings.  Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for further research are to investigate the Imposter Phenomenon in other industries and how it differs within different age groups.  Key words: The Imposter Phenomenon, leadership, real estate industry, self-esteem, fear of failure

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[pt] A crescente adoção pelas organizações de estruturas projetizadas ou matriciais, em um ambiente de alta competitividade traz para o centro das atenções a figura do gerente de projetos, que é o responsável, em última instância pelo desempenho do projeto que comanda. Esse ambiente de alta complexidade, onde o gerente de projetos precisa liderar equipes multidisciplinares e, em alguns casos, não alocadas no mesmo local e sem relação hierárquica, impõe desafios à liderança do gerente de projetos. Assim, o presente estudo se propõe a verificar se traços de humildade e narcisismo nesse gerente, avaliados sob a ótica dos liderados, estão associados com os resultados do projeto, avaliados pelo diretor de projetos ou figura de cargo similar. O trabalho propõe e avalia se essas relações são mediadas pelo empoderamento psicológico ou pelo medo de falhar, sendo o primeiro mobilizado pela humildade do líder e o segundo provocado pelo narcisismo. O estudo foi realizado através de pesquisa quantitativa, baseada em questionários distribuídos e respondidos por 190 liderados e outro questionário sendo respondido pelos 68 diretores dos respectivos projetos. Os achados sugerem que a humildade do líder está positivamente associada com o empoderamento psicológico e com os resultados financeiro e global dos projetos e que o narcisismo do líder está positivamente associado com os resultados de qualidade e global dos projetos. / [en] The increasing adoption by organizations of projected or matrix structures in a highly competitive environment brings to the center of attention the figure of the project manager, who is ultimately responsible for the performance of the project he or she commands. In this highly complex environment, where the project manager needs to lead multidisciplinary teams and, in some cases, not allocated in the same place and without hierarchical relationship, the need for the project manager to emerge as a leader. Thus, the present study aims to verify the relation of the humility and narcissism traits of the leader, evaluated by the led, with the results obtained in the Project, evaluated by the project director or similar position figure. The work examined whether these relations were mediated by psychological empowerment or fear of failure, the first being mobilized by the humility of the leader and the second caused by narcissism. The study was conducted through quantitative research with questionnaires being distributed and answered by 190 followers and another questionnaire being answered by the 68 directors of the respective projects. The findings suggest that humility is positively related with psychological empowerment and projects financial and overall performances and that narcissism is positively related with the projects quality and overall performances.

Breakthrough innovations are vital for the global economy and even our survival as a species. They appear as creative leaps and insights without obvious connection to existing knowledge and are extremely valuable to organisations, giving them significant competitive advantage. Historiometric and psychopathological evidence shows that breakthrough innovations are often associated with individuals and affective dysfunction; yet innovation today is widely held to be an organisational phenomenon operationalised though a model of creativity based on positive affective experiences and group activities which may be particularly unsuited to innovative thinkers. Research upon which the current paradigm for creativity and innovation are based is detached from real world outcomes and has been challenged as to its validity. Little data exists outside of experiments or indirect observation of naturally occurring affective experiences and the mood-creativity-innovation link has yet to be proven; we still know very little about how breakthrough innovations occur. This unique study addresses this significant gap in innovation research with a two-year longitudinal case study of a breakthrough innovation being developed for a multi-national Fast-Moving Consumer Goods company. It followed the journey of a lone innovator and attempts to answer the research question: “Can a fear of failure lead to breakthrough innovation?” The innovation space was investigated from three perspectives: technology, organisation and innovator, to build a picture of the highly immersive and emotionally charged experience of innovating. Many new insights were gained, and with extensive support from literature, new tools for the management of technology and the interface between innovators and organisations were developed, along with ground-breaking research into the mood-creativity innovation link. These are delivered through a series of four journal papers. The key finding from this research has been the discovery of the innovation-wave, a phenomenon which for the first time provides evidence for the mood-creativity-innovation link; intimately connecting real-world creative efficacy with emotion and specifically a ‘fear of failure’. From this finding a new theory and psycho-cognitive model for a distinct form of creativity called innovative thinking, driven by negative affect (mood) and specifically suited to achieving a breakthrough innovation through overcoming apparently insoluble problems, was posited and a hypothesis proposed and tested using a sophisticated innovation simulation developed especially for this purpose. Evidence from the case study and later experiment provide support for the research question and the lone innovator. This study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of creativity and innovation which could have a significant impact on how both are researched, taught and managed in the future. Being able to understand and possibly manipulate the innovation-wave, if proven correct, could be vitally important for maximising the potential for creating breakthrough innovations to the benefit of us all.