Sammanfattning Syftet med denna sammanställning var att sammanföra och beskriva arbetsterapeutiska interventioner som syftar till att främja finmotorisk utveckling hos barn i yngre skolåldern.   Datainsamlingen utfördes genom systematisk litteratursökning i tre databaser. Inklusionskriterier och kvalitetsgranskningen resulterade i att tio kvantitativa artiklar inkluderades. Resultatet resulterade i två delar. Del ett illustrerar tre kategorier som samlade undersökta artiklar i tre olika fokus för interventionerna. Dessa blev: Lekaktivitet som intervention, Skrivaktivitet som intervention samt Dataaktivitet som intervention. I del två beskrivs interventionernas effekt och evidens. Resultatet av denna sammanställning visade att arbetsterapeutiska interventioner baserade på lek och pysselaktiviteter föreföll bidra till goda resultat hos yngre barn och uppfattades oftast som roliga och lekfulla. För barnen i den äldre gruppen fokuserade interventionerna på skapandet av en god läsbar handstil genom korrekt inarbetat handlingsmönster. Användandet av teknik och applikationer gav möjlighet att anpassa uppgiften efter enskilda barns behov. Det framkom att användandet av teknik behöver kompletteras med uppgifter med papper och penna, för att skapa den viktiga memoreringen av tecken och bokstäver som bidrar till framtida utveckling hos barn och unga. I interventionerna bland de äldre barnen återfanns även självutvärdering och kamratrespons som ett positivt resultat, vilket tycktes öka deras engagemang och självkänsla. Samarbete mellan arbetsterapeut och pedagog och samverkansundervisning i klassrummet bidrog till skapandet av en gynnsam miljö för barnet att utvecklas i. Det undersökta området är ännu relativt outforskat men denna sammanställning visar att arbetsterapeutiska interventioner som syftade till att främja yngre barns finmotoriska utveckling kan bidra till förbättrad finmotorisk förmåga och ökad skriftberedskap hos barn 3–6 år samt ökad skrivkunskap hos barn 5–8 år samt förbättrat självförtroende vid handskrift. Trots goda resultat i studierna så är området relativt outforskat och ytterligare studier behövs för att fastställa arbetsterapeutiska interventioners effekt. Författaren till denna litteratursammanställning ser ett behov av vidare forskning inom området i en svensk kontext.

In the first part of the thesis Objectification of disorders of the fine motor skills of the upper extremities in the patients with hereditary neuropathies there are mentioned some brief informations about characteristics, classifications, clinical symptoms, deformities and testing of upper extremities, rehabilitation and treatment of CMT neuropathy. The practical part of this thesis is concerned with testing and evaluating of strength, fine motor skills and sensation of the upper extremities in the patients with CMT. For the measurement of the hand strenght the dynamometry and the functional muscle test are used. The Jebsen-Taylor test, the Nine-Hole Peg Test and the examination of static and dynamic handgrip rating are used. For the examination of the sensation the Nottingham Sensory Assessment is used. CMT neuropathy score and Overall Neuropathy Disability Scaleare are used for the classification of disability. The aim of this thesis is the comparison of the muscle strength and the function of the dominant and non-dominant hand. Partial aim of thesis is detection of the correlations between tests. According to the results CMT disease leads to the muscle strenght weakness and to worsening of the fine motor skills mainly of the dominant upper extremity. This may be the result of overwork weakness. For...

Title: Developmental coordination disorder - literature review Objectives: The theoretical part talks about developmental coordination disorder, its diagnosis, investigations, etiology and division during the different ages of the child. The practical part compares the studies relating to atypical development of motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder. In diploma thesis was often used shortcut CKP and DCD, depending on the source from which it was drawn. DCD is the English equivalent of the shortcut CKP. Methods: This diploma thesis has both descriptively - analytical character. It will be treated as a literature review. Results: On the basis of the researched literary sources, this thesis provides a comprehensive picture on the topic of developmental coordination disorder. This thesis evaluated the atypical motor skills in school and preschool age children with developmental coordination disorder from the perspective of different authors. It has been found, which diagnostic procedures are used and which difficulties are most limiting for the children. Keywords: developmental coordination disorder, fine motor skills, hand function, gross motor skills

Title: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Gross and Fine Motor Skills of Individuals Objectives of the thesis: The main objective of my thesis is to assess an immediate effect of alcohol on selected tasks from the area of fine and gross motor skills. First identified were the average values for selected tests in sober individuals, and then the values with an increasing level of alcohol in blood. The second objective is to differentiate whether or not are fine and gross motor skills affected upon the same alcohol level in blood. Methods: The required data were obtained on the basis of experimental measurements on 12 probands (6 women and 6 men) who were tested for fine motor skills using three non- standardized tests modified or created for the purpose of this experiment: threading beads on a string, unlocking locks and dropping coins to a moneybox. Gross motor skills were tested using stabilometric platform in a standing position with legs together and with open eyes for 30 seconds. The observed parameter in the fine motor skills test was the time, while in the stability test it was the track of COP; each fine motor skills test was performed three times in each round. In the second and in each subsequent round every proband was administered 0.3 g of alcohol per kg of weight. The total number of...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4306.pdf: 1162248 bytes, checksum: 83bb6612e573291134755d22485fc9d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Fine motor coordination is essential to the intellectual and psychomotor development of a child. The use fine motor skills to manipulate objects and perform functional needs plays a vital role in child development and participation in activities of daily living. Therefore, difficulties in fine motor skills affect school performance and undermine the child s self-esteem and the sense of competence. The objective of this study was to describe how is configured the scientific field of fine motor skills in children national and international databases. In addition, aimed at specifics to analyze the scientific parameters in bibliometric, mapping scientific production within the fine motor components related to body function, participation in activities and environmental factors. The methodology used was bibliometric analysis of the studies recovered on the databases national and international, Banco de teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus. The methodological procedures of the study were divided into the following steps: Step 1 - Review of the literature on Human development, Child Development Motor, Occupational Therapy and Information Science, Step 2 - Data collection and systematization of data; Step 3 - Bibliometric analysis: organization and processing of bibliometric studies collected using the Vantage Point software for bibliometric analysis and MS Excel for graphing and tables for data presentation; Step 4 - Description and analysis of results, recovering the concepts exposed in the theoretical framework on which to base analysis and interpretation of data obtained. At the end of the tudy produced the following bibliometric indicators: the Banco de Teses da Capes the year of greatest production was 2002; the gender of the authors and supervisors who emphasize was the female; the formation of the majority of authors in the field of Physical Education and Physiotherapy; most studies are at Master's level; The University has more studies in the area is UDESC, in the program graduate of Human Movement Science; the funding agency that funds most work is the CAPES; majority of studies are descriptive; the scale is the most used is EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002), the theme more approached is Motor Development; and the studies perspectives have focused functions and structures of the body. Regarding the databases BVS, ScienceDirect and Scopus, the publications have grown over the years, especially 2010; with most records are of collective authorship; the formation of the authors is in Occupational Therapy (33%), Physiotherapy ( 19%) and Physical Education (15%); the predominant language is English; in BVS in the country that indexes articles is Brazil; ScienceDirect and Scopus is in the U.S.; Periodicals that stood out in the BVS was Journal Themes About the Developing; ScienceDirect was Human Movement Science, and the Scopus were Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of OccupationalTherapy (7%) and Physical and Occupational Therapy Pediatrics (5%); and the perspectives of studies have recovered the subject of fine motor anchored in the concepts of structure and functions of the body in three bases (56% - BVS, 69% - ScienceDirect, 71% Scopus); most studies are crosssectional nature (94%) and descriptive (81%); the topics most discussed were: fine motor skills (75%), motor development (35%) children (28%), preschool (27 %) and rating scales (21%); the data collection instruments more used in the articles were tests of fine motor skills not standardized (22%), followed by Scale Peabody (12%), test of motor proficiency of Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) and M-ABC (7 %); identifies the subject of fine motor related especially with motor development (7%), autism (5%), prematurity (5%) and school context (5%). / A coordenação motora fina é essencial para o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e intelectual da criança. Usar a motricidade fina para manipular objetos e realizar necessidades funcionais desempenha papel vital no desenvolvimento infantil e na participação das atividades de vida diária, assim dificuldades na motricidade fina afetam o desempenho escolar, influenciando negativamente a auto-estima e o senso de competência da criança. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever como se configura o campo científico da Motricidade Fina em crianças nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais. Além disso, teve como objetivos específicos analisar a produção científica sob parâmetros bibliométricos, mapeando a produção científica da motricidade fina dentro dos componentes relacionados à função do corpo, a participação em atividades e aos fatores ambientais. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos recuperados nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, Banco de Teses da CAPES, BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus. Os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa foram divididos nas seguintes em etapas: Etapa 1 Revisão de literatura sobre Desenvolvimento Humano, Desenvolvimento Motor Infantil, Terapia Ocupacional e Ciência da Informação; Etapa 2 Coleta de dados e sistematização dos dados; Etapa 3 - Análise bibliométrica: organização e tratamento bibliométrico dos registros coletados utilizando os softwares Vantage Point para análise bibliométrica e MS Excel para elaboração de gráficos e tabelas para apresentação dos dados; Etapa 4 - Descrição e analise dos resultados, recuperando-se os conceitos expostos no referencial teórico para fundamentar as análises e interpretações dos dados obtidos. Ao final da pesquisa produziram-se os seguintes indicadores bibliométricos: no Banco de Teses da Capes o ano de maior produção foi 2002; o gênero dos autores e orientadores que se destacou foi o feminino; a formação da maioria dos autores é na área de Educação Física e Fisioterapia; a maioria dos trabalhos são de nível de mestrado; a Universidade que mais tem trabalhos na área é a UDESC, no programa de pós-graduação de Ciência do Movimento Humano; a agência de fomento que mais financia os trabalhos é a CAPES; grande parte dos trabalhos são descritivos; a escala mais utilizada é a EDM (Rosa Neto, 2002); a temática mais abordada é sobre Desenvolvimento Motor e os trabalhos apresentam perspectivas direcionadas as funções e estruturas do corpo. Com relação as bases de dados da BVS, ScienceDirect e Scopus, as publicações cresceram ao longo dos anos, com destaque para 2010; a maioria dos registros são de autoria coletiva; a formação dos autores é em Terapia Ocupacional (33%), Fisioterapia (19%) e Educação Física (15%); o idioma predominante é o inglês; na BVS o país que mais indexa artigos é o Brasil; na ScienceDirect e Scopus é os EUA; os periódicos que mais se destacaram na BVS foi a Revista Temas Sobre desenvolvimento; na ScienceDirect foi a Human Movement Science; e na Scopus foram os periódicos Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (8%), American Journal of Occupational Therapy (7%) e o Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics (5%); as perspectivas dos estudos recuperados apresentam o tema da motricidade fina ancorado nas concepções de estrutura e funções do corpo nas três bases (56% - BVS; 69% - ScienceDirect; 71% - Scopus); a maioria dos estudos são de caráter transversal (94%), e descritivo (81%); as temáticas mais abordadas foram: coordenação motora fina (75%), desenvolvimento motor (35%), crianças (28%), pré-escolares (27%) e escalas de avaliação (21%); os instrumentos de coleta de dados mais utilizados nos artigos recuperados foram testes de habilidade motoras finas não padronizados (22%), seguido da Escala Peabody (12%), teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky (7%) e a M-ABC (7%); identifica-se o tema da motricidade fina relacionado principalmente com o desenvolvimento motor (7%), autismo (5%), prematuridade (5%) e contexto escolar (5%).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janine Espindola.pdf: 1055500 bytes, checksum: 1fe4b67f86151837d69f443b625d079d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the coordination tasks oculus manual fine motor of different motor batteries in students with 9 years old of both sexes and make possible associations of the scores of those tasks with school performance. Method: The motor tasks used in the study were: placing pins, passing the cord and track bike (MABC-2), draw a line through the route circle copy, copy overlapping figures, distribution of cards (BOTMP-2) line vertical, horizontal and diagonal (Moska). The TDE was used to evaluate the academic performance of students. Data were tabulated and analyzed in StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. First we performed the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test for samples with n> 50 to verify the normality of the data. Then descriptive statistics (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. In the course held inferential statistics in order to look for associations between tasks and TDE, using Pearson correlation for parametric data and Spearman for nonparametric data. Results: The results regarding the systematic review showed that the most widely used instruments to assess the children motor performance is the MABC, MABC-2 and BOTMP-2. Regarding the results of eye-manual tasks of fine motor skills of motor batteries, only the task of distributing letters obtained a good distribution for both the general and stratified by sex. The evaluation of school performance data showed an incidence of 16.6% indicative of the difficulty of general learning, and reading showed the highest level of difficulty among children (23.2%). There was no difference between male and female in any of the subtests and not the overall performance. Regarding the association of coordination tasks oculus manual fine motor in association with school performance, the task of distributing letters with the strongest correlation with the same, and the children who performed better on the task also obtained a better score in all subtests of TDE. Conclusion: The results of the systematic review showed that the validated and most widely used to assess the children motor performance instruments are: the MABC, MABC-2, BOTMP-2 and VMI-5. Regarding the evaluation results of motor tasks, only the letters distribution task BOTMP-2 had a good spread, discriminating children more skilled. The association of motor tasks with the Academic Performance Test showed that children who had higher scores on motor tasks were those who had better grades in all subtests of TDE. / Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as tarefas de coordenação óculo manuais de motricidade fina de diferentes baterias motoras em escolares com 9 anos de idade de ambos os sexos e realizar possíveis associações dos escores dessas tarefas com o desempenho escolar. Método: As tarefas motoras utilizadas no estudo foram: colocando pinos, passando o cordão e trilha da bicicleta (MABC-2), desenhar uma linha através do percurso, copiar círculo, copiar figuras sobrepostas, distribuição de cartas (BOTMP-2), linha vertical, horizontal e diagonal (MOSKA). O TDE foi utilizado para avaliar o desempenho escolar dos alunos. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no StatisticalPackage for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 20.0 for Windows. Primeiramente foi realizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnoff para amostras com n>50 para verificação da normalidade dos dados. Em seguida, estatística descritiva (média, mediana, desvio-padrão, mínimo e máximo). O nível de significância adotado foi de p≤0,05. No decorrer realizou-se estatística inferencial com objetivo de buscar associações entre as tarefas e o TDE, utilizando correlação de Pearson para dados paramétricos ou Spearman para dados não paramétricos. Resultados: Os resultados em relação a revisão sistemática mostrou que os instrumentos mais utilizados atualmente para se avaliar o desempenho motor de crianças é o MABC, MABC-2 e BOTMP-2. Em relação aos resultados das tarefas óculo-manuais de motricidade fina das baterias motoras, somente a tarefa de distribuir cartas obteve uma boa distribuição, tanto para o geral quanto estratificada pelo sexo. Os dados da avaliação do desempenho escolar mostraram uma incidência de 16,6% de indicativo de dificuldade de aprendizagem geral, sendo que a leitura mostrou o maior índice de dificuldade entre as crianças (23,2%). Não houve diferença entre o sexo masculino e feminino em nenhum dos subtestes e nem no desempenho geral. Em relação a associação das tarefas de coordenação óculo manuais de motricidade fina em associação com o desempenho escolar, a tarefa de distribuir cartas apresentou correlação mais forte com o mesmo, sendo que as crianças que obtiveram melhor desempenho na tarefa também obtiveram uma melhor pontuação em todos os subtestes do TDE. Conclusão: Os resultados da revisão sistemática mostraram que os instrumentos validados e mais utilizados atualmente para se avaliar o desempenho motor de crianças são: o MABC, MABC-2, BOTMP-2 e VMI-5. Em relação aos resultados da avaliação das tarefas motoras, somente a tarefa de distribuição de cartas do BOTMP-2 apresentou uma boa distribuição, discriminando as crianças mais habilidosas. A associação das tarefas motoras com o Teste de Desempenho Escolar apontou que as crianças que obtiveram maior pontuação nas tarefas motoras, foram as que tiveram melhores notas em todos os subtestes do TDE.

Title: Effect of hyperbaric environment on fine motor skills Objectives: The aim of study is to assess the changes fine motor skills due to hyperbaric environment in preparation for selected tests of fine motor skills. Methods: The first method was used empirically - research. Then the method chosen of compilation of the information obtained. The basic method to work was the experimental measurement method specially constructed tests on fine motor skills. All measured values were statistically processed as follows. Results: The results were formulated as a percentage, graphs and tables. Recording was carried out by recording the time data. Their percentage of the overall approach to the exercise time mastering fine motor skills in different environments. All results obtained were processed and evaluated. Keywords: depth intoxication, fine motor skills, hyperbaric environment, hyperbaric chambers, diving

Abstrakt Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap om lärares uppfattning och förståelse om och för handskriftens betydelse för elevers finmotoriska utveckling i svenskundervisningen i årskurs 1 – 4.  Detta för att belysa vikten av att fortsätta använda handskriften i skrivinlärningen. I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod använts vid intervjuer av respondenterna. Studiens teori baseras på det sociokulturella perspektivet och pragmatismen. En fenomenografisk forskningsansats har använts i studiens bearbetning, tolkning och analys av den insamlade datan. Resultatet har diskuterats mot bakgrund och tidigare forskning samt utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet och pragmatismens syn på lärande. Resultatet visar att oavsett vilken metod lärare väljer att använda, handskrift eller tangentsinlärning, behöver eleverna olika övningar för att träna handen och finmotoriken, eftersom eleverna behöver kunna forma bokstäverna för att kunna skriva enkla texter med en läslig handstil. I resultatet framkommer det även att några lärare använder en form av ASL-metod i sin undervisning och är eniga om att handskriften behöver användas parallellt med tangentbordet. / Abstract The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge about teachers´perception and understanding about the significance of the use of handwriting for the development of students' fine motor skills in the Swedish language classroom, in primary school during years 1 – 4. This is to highlight the importance of the continued use of handwriting when learning to write. In this study, a qualitative method was used in the interviews with the respondents. The study's theory is based on the sociocultural perspective and pragmatism. A phenomenographical research approach has been used in the processing, interpretation and analysis of the collected data. The results have been discussed in the context of previous research and based on socio-cultural and pragmatism's views on learning. The results show that regardless of which method teachers choose to use, handwriting or typing, students need complementary exercises to train the hand and the fine motor skills, as students need to be able to shape the letters to be able to write simple texts in a readable handwriting. The results also show that some teachers use some form of iWTR method in their teaching and they agree that handwriting needs to be used in parallel with a keyboard.

Writing by hand is not that obvious in todays digitalized society, much of what we write and read is digitized. Today we communicate via SMS, email, and social media instead of sending letters and postcards. What do teachers think of handwriting still being a part of the curriculum? Will handwriting survive or is it on its way out?In this survey nine teachers in preschool to sixth grade have been interviewed to hear their opinions about the handwriting, if they think it is important to preserve it. How they motivate their children to write by hand even though the society is digitalized. If they feel that the educational material companies have adapted to the digital curriculum or if there still are good analogue materials available.The results show that the teachers think handwriting is important as there is a connection between brain and hand which is good for learning. The students also practice their fine motor skills when they are allowed to write by hand, which the teachers attach great importance to. / Att skriva för hand är inte lika självklart i dagens digitaliserade samhälle, mycket av det vi skriver och läser är digitalt. Vi kommunicerar idag via sms, mejl och sociala medier i stället för att skriva brev eller vykort. Vad tycker lärarna om att handskriften fortfarande är en del av skolans läroplan? Kommer handskriften att bestå eller är den på väg bort? I denna undersökning har nio lärare i årskurserna förskoleklass till sexan intervjuats för att höra deras åsikter om handskriften, om de tycker att det är viktigt att bevara den. Hur de gör för att motivera sina elever att skriva för hand när vi lever i ett digitalt samhälle. Samt om de känner att läromedelsföretagen anpassat sig efter den digitala läroplanen eller om det fortfarande finns bra analogt material att tillgå.Resultatet visar att lärarna tycker att handskriften är viktig då det finns en koppling mellan hjärna och hand som är bra vid inlärning. Eleverna tränar också på finmotoriken när de får skriva för hand vilket lärarna lägger stor vikt vid.

Introduction: Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience changes cortically, subcortically and behaviorally. This dissertation examines the asymmetry of motor behavior to explore the role of asymmetry in persons with PD and its connection to clinical symptoms. Purpose: Project 1: To assess the hand asymmetry difference in young adults versus older adults. Project 2: To investigate the difference in hand asymmetry in older adults and persons with PD. Project 3: To explore the correlation between function and clinical symptoms of persons with PD. Methods: 55 right-handed participants [Young Adults (YA) = 20, Female = 10; Older Adults (OA) = 20, Female = 10; Persons with PD = 15, Female = 5] were recruited and performed motor tasks: Purdue Pegboard test, grip strength test, response task, thumb opposition task, tapping task, three variations of timed-up-and-go test (TUG), single leg stance task (SLS), Weight Distribution test and Limits of Stability test. The two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine a variance between YA and OA. A separate two-way ANOVA was conducted comparing variance between OA and persons with PD. The purpose was to explore asymmetries, characterized by a significant difference between groups’ left and right sides. Pearson’s correlation was implemented to examine connection of clinical symptoms and motor behavior. Statistics: IBM SPSS 24 software was used. Two 2-way ANOVAs with the between group factor of group (Young vs. Older in Project 1; Older vs. PD in project 2), and within group factor of hand (Right vs. Left in Study 1 & Study 2) were used to examine if age (or PD) changes hand asymmetry. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine correlations between Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and motor tasks in PD patients (Study 3). Results: Project 1: Results indicate asymmetry reduces with age in fine motor tasks containing speed, dexterity and strength components. Project 2: The basal ganglia dysfunction does not overall further exacerbate the reduced asymmetry with age. Project 3: Clinical symptoms of PD measured by the UPDRS are generally not associated with fine motor tasks of this study.