Orientador: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Hélio Grassi Filho / Banca: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Resumo: A produção comercial de flores e plantas ornamentais no Brasil vem aumentando, e, no entanto, a pesquisa não tem acompanhado esse ritmo de crescimento, sendo ainda escassas as informações sobre o cultivo de flores, principalmente no que diz respeito à nutrição e a adubação. Portanto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes concentrações de potássio utilizando-se de duas fontes, cloreto e silicato, no desenvolvimento e qualidade da gérbera de vaso cultivada em ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Recursos Naturais / Ciência do Solo, em casa de vegetação, no período de 09 de setembro a 11 de novembro de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, empregando o esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo duas fontes de potássio, silicato e cloreto e cinco concentrações de potássio de cada uma dessas fontes, em 4 repetições e 5 plantas por parcela, num total de 200 plantas. As concentrações para as duas fontes utilizadas foram às seguintes: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1 K+ em todo o período experimental. A aplicação da solução nutritiva e a solução contendo os tratamentos foram aplicadas via fertirrigação realizada manualmente, uma vez ao dia. Avaliou-se o número de folhas e diâmetro da planta, área foliar, fitomassa fresca e seca das folhas e flores, intensidade de cor verde (ICV), condutividade elétrica e pH da solução do substrato, teor e acúmulo nutrientes e Si nas folhas e flores ao final do período vegetativo e reprodutivo, além do número e diâmetro de inflorescência, altura e diâmetro de hastes e altura da planta, no ponto de comercialização. Entre as fontes, o silicato de potássio promoveu diâmetro de planta, área foliar, fitomassa fresca e seca total mais adequada para a qualidade dos vasos quando aplicou-se a dose de 150 mg L-1 de potássio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The commercial production of flowers and ornamental plants in Brazil is increasing, and yet, research has not kept up with this pace of growth, although little information on the cultivation of flowers, especially regarding nutrition and fertilization. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate using different concentrations of potassium are two sources, chloride and silicate, the development and quality of gerbera of pot grown in protected environment. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Natural Resources/Soil Science, in a greenhouse in the period from 09 September to 11 November 2008. The experimental design was randomized blocks, using a 2x5 factorial, with two sources of potassium, silicate and chloride and potassium concentrations of five of each of these sources, in 4 replicates and 5 plants per plot, total 200 plants. The concentrations for the two sources used were: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1 K throughout the experimental period. The application of nutrient solution and the solution containing the treatments were applied through fertirrigation performed manually once a day. The number of leaves and diameter of plant, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass of leaves and flowers, intensity of green (ICV), electrical conductivity and pH of the solution to the substrate, and nutrient content and accumulation in leaves and Si flowers at the end of the vegetative and reproductive period, and the number and diameter of inflorescence, height and stem diameter and plant height at the point of marketing. Among the sources, the potassium silicate promoted plant diameter, leaf area, plant fresh and dry all the best for quality of vessels when applied to a dose of 150 mg L-1 potassium. When the marketing point of no interference of sources and doses to diameter of inflorescence, number of inflorescence, stem diameter and plant height, however the potassium silicate promoted... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-11T14:31:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJDB.pdf: 4183210 bytes, checksum: e426931186baff77cb47689923c6bfa2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJDB.pdf: 4183210 bytes, checksum: e426931186baff77cb47689923c6bfa2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T12:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJDB.pdf: 4183210 bytes, checksum: e426931186baff77cb47689923c6bfa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T12:11:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseJDB.pdf: 4183210 bytes, checksum: e426931186baff77cb47689923c6bfa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This thesis aims to analyze the contradictions present in the cultivation of flowers, highlighting the life experiences of men and women working in the fields and greenhouses of flowers in the region of Holambra, São Paulo, Brazil. The theoretical references are the studies on rural wage and on the globalized intensive agricultural. The field research was conducted in four cities: Artur Nogueira, Holambra, Mogi Mirim and Santo Antônio de Posse. The narratives were collected through conversations and interviews at workers home. The methodology used was the Oral History, which allowed us to view the work in addition to the data brought by the official statistics, trying to break with the analyzes that polarize the productive and reproductive spaces, and naturalize the female skills. The research has allowed us to verify the existence of a variety of settings that make the work morphology in growing flowers - this diversity relates to the size of the properties and greenhouses, forms of employment (family labor, wage, unregistered work), and the place of residence of workers (rural districts, urban districts, producing colonies of flowers). People interviewed related that the working hours are intensified to fulfill the demands, there is exposure to pesticides and thorns of flowers, and carrying out the activity in the greenhouses and fields is often strenuous, which makes some people use medicines to face the workload. Finally, we present a discussion on ways of estrangement and the possibilities of creating emotional bonds with the plants, which causes the activity to be evaluated positively by workers. / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar as contradições presentes no cultivo de flores, destacando-se as experiências de vida de homens e mulheres que trabalham nos campos e estufas de flores na região de Holambra/SP. Utilizamos um referencial teórico assentado nos estudos sobre o assalariamento rural e a agricultura intensiva globalizada. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada nos municípios de Artur Nogueira, Holambra, Mogi Mirim e Santo Antônio de Posse. As narrativas foram colhidas por meio de conversas e entrevistas nas residências das trabalhadoras e dos trabalhadores. A metodologia utilizada foi a História Oral, que nos permitiu visualizar o trabalho para além dos dados trazidos pelas estatísticas oficiais, tentando romper com as análises que segregam os espaços produtivos e reprodutivos, e que naturalizam as habilidades femininas. A pesquisa nos permitiu verificar a existência de uma diversidade de configurações que marcam a morfologia do trabalho no cultivo de flores – essa diversidade diz respeito ao tamanho das propriedades e estufas, às formas de contratação (mão de obra familiar, assalariamento, trabalho sem registro em carteira), e ao local de residência dos trabalhadores e das trabalhadoras (bairros rurais, bairros urbanos, colônias produtoras de flores). Os sujeitos da pesquisa também relataram que as jornadas são intensificadas para atender as demandas, há exposição à agrotóxicos e espinhos das flores, e que a realização da atividade nas estufas e campos muitas vezes é extenuante, o que faz com que algumas pessoas utilizem medicamentos para enfrentar a jornada de trabalho. Por fim, apresentamos um debate sobre as formas de estranhamento e as possibilidades de se criar vínculos afetivos com as plantas, o que faz com que a atividade seja avaliada de forma positiva pelas trabalhadoras e pelos trabalhadores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLVDB.pdf: 1159653 bytes, checksum: dc3a84fd7edd7e22477398dbf4d02360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work, through a multi-case study, aimed to identify the success key-factors of the companies who operate the flowers electronic retail business. Such analysis adopts as a parameter the strategies of marketing-mix and logistic used by the sector in question. In this context, this work aimed to find out the performance targets prioritized by the companies and its stakeholders. The Identification of the flowers electronic retail success key-factors focus on elaborating recommendations to improve the performance of the flowers electronic retail companies as well as of companies which directly or indirectly relate to them. To do so, this work has basis on both the theoretical revision and the empirical analysis. The bibliographical revision approaches the theories related to the distribution channels, electronic commerce, marketing-mix, logistic, performance targets and success key-factors. The empirical analysis, through a multi case study with four flowers electronic retail companies, using an personal interview with a specialist in flowers trading and an author s observation, intended to verify the gap between the theory and practice in this type of enterprise. Finally, the elaboration of suggestions and recommendations to the retail companies is made based on the intersection of the two dissertation basis: the bibliographical revision and on the empirical analysis. / Este trabalho, através de um estudo multicaso, identifica os fatores-chave de sucesso das empresas que operam o varejo eletrônico de flores. A análise tem como parâmetro as estratégias de marketing-mix e de logística utilizadas pelo setor. Na seqüência, buscam-se os objetivos de desempenho priorizados pelas empresas e por seus stakeholders. A partir da identificação dos fatores-chave de sucesso do comércio eletrônico de flores, são feitas recomendações para a melhoria do desempenho tanto das empresas que operam esse formato de varejo como daquelas que, de maneira direta ou indireta, relacionam-se com essas companhias. Para tanto, o trabalho tem sustentação na revisão teórica e na análise empírica. A revisão bibliográfica aborda as teorias relacionadas aos canais de distribuição, comércio eletrônico, marketing-mix, logística, objetivos de desempenho e fatores-chave de sucesso. A análise empírica reúne um estudo multicaso com quatro empresas que operam o varejo eletrônico de flores, entrevista pessoal com um especialista em mercado de flores e uma observação participante do pesquisador. Buscou-se verificar a lacuna entre a teoria e o que realmente ocorre nesse tipo de empreendimento. Por fim, a elaboração de sugestões e recomendações às empresas varejistas é feita a partir da junção das duas bases da dissertação: revisão bibliográfica e análise empírica.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGPV15DA021.pdf: 1695387 bytes, checksum: f120a90afe0ecec0916e3809dfde9201 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-03 / The objective of this work was to characterize quality atributes (fresh weight loss, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids contente (SSC), SSC/TA ratio, pH, color of skin and pulp, texture, contente of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and antioxidante activity contente) in fruits of five Brazilian genotypes of feijoa (cultivars Alcantara, Mattos, helena and Nonante, and access 2316), at harvest adn after days of cold storage, followed two days at ambiente conditions. Fruits and leaves were assessed for mineral contente and fruit were assessed for centesimal composition, flowers were assessed for dry matter (DM), petals área, SSC, color, vitamin C contente, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic copmpounds, and antioxidants. Flower were also assessed for postharvest quality preservation (color, wilting and browning of the petals) by treatment with preservative solutions (sacarose, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid) and 1-metilcyclopropene (1-MCP). Tge average loss of weight of fruit during storage was 3.5%. fruit had a reduction of SSC, TA and texture atributes, and na increase of SSC/TA ratio and pH during storage. Fruit of Nonante and Mattos had respectively higher forces for penetration and compression, at harvest and after storage. Fruit loss colorand brightness of the skin and pulp during storage. Fruit of alcantara gad the highest contente of vitamin, and in all genotypes, the vitamin c contente in the skin was higher thanin the pulp, with na increase in its contente druing storage. Vitamin C contente in the fruit. The contentes of total phenolic compounds were diferente between genotuypes, and varied accordin to the type of extract (hydro soluble ou hydroalcoolic). In the pulp, the higher contente of total phenolic compounds was in Nonante and acess in 2316, and in the skin was higher in 1Nonante and Mattos . Genotupe with higher contente of phenolic compounds also showed higher antioxidante activity. In all genotypes, there was a decrease in the contente of phenolic compounds and antioxidante activity during storage. The mineral contente in fruits varied between culrivars. Fruit of Alcantara had the highest contentes of Ca, Fe, Cu and Mn in the skin and pulp, ando f N and P in the skin. The centesimal composition also varied between genotypes and tissues of the fruit. In feijoa flowers, the highest concentration of total phenolic compounds was observed in acess 2316, which also showed the highest antioxidante activity, followed by Alcantara . There as a linear correlation between teh contente of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidante capacity of the flowers Matts had the heghest área of the petals. The SSC in the petals ranges from 14.2 to 10.1 ° Brix, depending on genotypes. The vitamin C contant in the petals was higher in Alcantara and Nonante , and anthocyanin contente and flavonoids were higher in access 2316, Helena and Alcantara . The best maintenance of postharvest quality of the flowers was achieved with the use of 1-MCP at 500 nL L¯¹ and salicyclic acida t 2,5 and, d 10% / Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os atributos de qualidade [perda de massa fresca, acidez titulável (AT), teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), relação SS/AT, pH, coloração da casca e da polpa, textura, conteúdo de vitamina C, compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante], em frutos de cinco genótipos brasileiros de goiabeira-serrana (cultivares Alcântara, Mattos, Helena e Nonante, e acesso 2316), na colheita e após 21 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, seguido de dois dias em condições ambiente. Foram avaliados ainda os teores minerais nos frutos e folhas e a composição centesimal nos frutos. Nas flores, foram avaliados os atributos de matéria seca (MS), área das pétalas, SS, cor, conteúdo de vitamina C, antocianinas, flavonoides, compostos fenólicos e antioxidantes, além da manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita em resposta ao tratamento com soluções conservantes (sacarose, ácido ascórbico e ácido salicílico) e 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), realizada pela avaliação da cor, murcha e escurecimento das pétalas. A perda média de massa fresca dos frutos durante o armazenamento foi de 3,5 %. Durante o armazenamento houve redução nos teores de SS, AT e nos atributos de textura, e aumento na relação SS/AT e no pH. Os frutos de Nonante e Mattos apresentaram, respectivamente, maiores forças para penetração e compressão do fruto, na colheita e após o armazenamento. Com o armazenamento houve perda de cor e brilho da casca e polpa. A cultivar Alcântara apresentou os maiores conteúdos de vitamina C no fruto, e em todos os genótipos, o conteúdo de vitamina C na casca foi superior ao da polpa, havendo incremento no seu conteúdo após o armazenamento. Os conteúdos de compostos fenólicos totais foram diferentes entre os genótipos, e variaram em função do tipo de extrato (aquoso ou hidroalcoólico), sendo que na polpa foram maiores em Nonante e no acesso 2316, e na casca foram maiores em Nonante e Mattos . Os frutos dos genótipos com maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante. Em todos os genótipos, com o armazenamento, houve redução no conteúdo de compostos fenólicos e da atividade antioxidante. Os teores minerais nos frutos variaram entre os genótipos, com destaque para Alcântara , que apresentou os maiores teores de Ca, Fe, Cu e Mn na casca e na polpa, e de N e P na casca. A composição centesimal do fruto também variou entre os genótipos e tecido. Quanto às flores de goiabeira-serrana, o maior conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais foi observado no acesso 2316, que apresentou também maior atividade antioxidante, seguido de Alcântara . Houve correlação linear entre o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais e a capacidade antioxidante das flores. Mattos apresentou a maior área das pétalas. Os teores de SS nas pétalas variaram de 14,2 a 10,1 °Brix, dependendo do genótipo. Os conteúdos de vitamina C nas pétalas foram superiores em Alcântara e Nonante , e os conteúdos de antocianinas e flavonoides foram superiores no acesso 2316 e em Helena e Alcântara . Na manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita das flores, foi observada maior eficiências com a utilização de 500 nL L-1 de 1-MCP e 2, 5 e 10% de ácido salicílico

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Horticulture in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013 / Cape Flats Sand Fynbos (CFSF) is one of the most poorly conserved vegetation types in the Cape Floral Kingdom, and a large proportion of unconserved land is degraded, primarily as a result of transformation by agricultural, urban developments and invasion by alien plants. Fynbos restoration is one of the most important management interventions, both within the current conservation areas and in any future land remnants acquired for conservation. Many extant remnants are fragmented and isolated, and if successful restoration protocols are found, it may be possible to improve the conservation targets for this critically endangered vegetation type. On old fields, where indigenous soil seed banks have been lost due to alien plant invasion and anthropogenic action, it is essential to reintroduce the longer-lived fynbos components that contribute to vegetation structure, in order to facilitate the progress of the ecosystem on a more natural trajectory. This research is built on an earlier study of optimal ground-preparation treatments for restoring Sand Fynbos to old fields. This former study indicated that fossorial mammals (molerats and gerbils) may occur in dense colonies on old fields and present an obstacle to successful seedling establishment. The project aims to provide protocols for the establishment of indigenous seedlings from harvested seed onto old fields, in order to restore Sand Fynbos vegetation. Different pre-sowing treatments and sowing techniques were tested on large field plots to determine the most efficient protocol. The objectives of the research were: a) to investigate optimal pre-sowing treatments of indigenous seed for restoring degraded Sand Fynbos vegetation in old field sites; b) to investigate optimal sowing techniques on large field plots for restoring degraded Sand Fynbos vegetation in old field sites with depleted indigenous seed banks; c) to provide guidelines and disseminate information on optimal sowing protocols, and their costs, for restoring Sand Fynbos vegetation in degraded areas and old fields. A further component of the research was to calculate the costs of all treatments on a per hectare basis in order to assess the cost-effectiveness of the different options. Several different seed treatments may potentially increase the germination rate and promote fynbos restoration. These are scarifying, smoke, smoke water, chemical, light and temperature pre-sowing treatments. In order to keep the number of treatments (including their interactions) to a manageable level, only soaking in smoke water extract and seed coat scarification with course sand and grit were tested. A seed sample of each species was x-rayed at the Millennium Seed Bank in the United Kingdom, to test for viability in the seed samples, 52 % of the seed collected were empty, a typical indication of wild harvested seed. All species were germinated at 10/25 °C and 16/8 hours light/dark respectively. Scarification had a larger overall germination success, smoke water had very little effect on CFSF species, it is rather that germination is related to temperatures during a fire that result in seed coat splitting. It was recommended that further investigation using more species across the Sand Fynbos vegetation be conducted on pre-germination effects of heat and scarification. The study site had been cleared of woody invasive alien vegetation and additional site preparation included the application of a systemic herbicide to kill undesirable herbaceous weeds, prescribed fire to clear the site of woody debris and destroy weed seeds, and the local control of fossorial mammals (gerbils and molerats) by placing raptor perches and owl nesting boxes around the site. This research found that the use of herbicide shortly after the prescribed fire and once again prior to sowing was successful in controlling herbaceous weeds and the indigenous grass Cynodon dactylon. The challenge to using prescribed burning on old fields was low fuel loads, which resulted in a cool patchy. It is suggested that cutting and spreading of alien plant biomass is tested as a solution, however, the material must be evenly spread across the site and not stacked into piles which can cause excessively hot fires and scorching of the soil. In order to better understand soil conditions across the site, soil samples were collected prior to sowing, to analyse for soil macronutrients, organic matter and pH. It was established that all the excess nutrients added to the site from agriculture and pasturage over the years had leached from the soil. However, the organic matter content of the soil was extremely low and research needs to be done on the organic carbon content of the soils, how these relate to soil micro biota (which species are present and their relationship with CFSF species) and how best to enrich the site with humic matter for restoration and establishment of Cape Flats Sand Fynbos. The field trial was set up in the Blaauwberg Nature Reserve, a random split-plot block design, was replicated five times and used to investigate the selected seedbed preparation and sowing techniques, namely: broadcast sowing onto unprepared seedbed, broadcast with plank embedding of seed onto disked seedbed, broadcast onto disked seedbed and hydro-seed with disked seedbed. Results from the research found that the most successful methods for sowing seeds were the hydro-seeding and broadcast with plank embed. These methods may have provided better contact between the soil and seeds and better protection from predation and wind. Economically the broadcast and embed was better as machinery was more efficient and effective than manual labour. This study recommended that these two methods be combined with the additional planting of rare and threatened species in clumps to determine the benefits and interactions of each technique over the long term.

Orientador: Maurício Dutra Zanotto / Banca: Mirian Luiza Myczkowski / Banca: Flávio Rielli Mazetto / Banca: José Geraldo Carvalho do Amaral / Resumo: A mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.) é uma planta oleaginosa de alto valor econômico. O óleo extraído de suas sementes é um dos mais versáteis encontrado na natureza; apresenta inúmeras aplicações em diversas áreas, podendo substituir de forma satisfatória o uso do petróleo em muitos produtos. Atualmente existe um grande interesse em aumentar a produtividade da planta mediante o aumento do número de flores femininas (pistiladas) que, conseqüentemente, aumentará o número de frutos e de sementes. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi através do método de melhoramento denominado seleção massal, selecionar e avaliar plantas de mamoneira da população FCA-UNESP-PB (porte baixo) para aumento da freqüência de flores femininas visando maior produtividade final. A seleção (ciclo de seleção) foi feita no ano de 2007 na fazenda Experimental Lageado e avaliada (ciclo de avaliação) em 2008 nas Fazendas Experimentais Lageado e São Manuel, ambas pertencentes à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP - campus Botucatu e localizadas, respectivamente, nos municípios de Botucatu - SP e São Manuel - SP. O critério de seleção foram plantas que apresentaram 100% de flores femininas no racemo primário. As plantas com esse fenótipo que sofreram reversão sexual durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento, tiveram seus racemos autofecundados assim que passaram a produzir flores masculinas (estaminadas). Para o ciclo de avaliação foram colhidas sementes do racemo primário das plantas selecionadas com 100% de flores femininas - tratamento 1 (aberto);sementes dos racemos autofecundados dessas plantas inicialmente 100% femininas - tratamento 2 (autofecundado) e sementes colhidas ao acaso que serviram de controle - tratamento 3 (controle). Ao final do ciclo de avaliação pôde ser observado que houve aumento significativo a 1% de probabilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a high economic value oil crop. The oil extracted from its seeds is one of the most versatile found in nature, has many applications in different areas and it can satisfactorily replace the use of petroleum in many products. Currently there is great interest in increasing the grain yield of the plant by increasing the number of female flowers (pistillate) that, consequently, increase the number of fruit and seeds. The objective of this research was through the method called for mass selection, select and evaluates castor bean plants of the population FCA-UNESP-PB (dwarf height) to increase the frequency of female flowers aimed at increasing grain yield. The selection (selection cycle) was conducted in 2007 in Experimental Lageado farm and evaluate (evaluation cycle) in 2008 in Experimental Lageado and Experimental São Manuel farms, both belonging to the Agriculture College of São Paulo State University - UNESP - campus Botucatu, located respectively in Botucatu - SP and São Manuel - SP cities. The selection criterion was plants that had 100% female flowers on the first raceme. Plants with this phenotype had their racemes selfed when they start to produce male (staminate) flowers (sex reversal). For the evaluation cycle were harvested seeds of the first raceme of selected plants with 100% female flowers - treatment 1 (open); seeds of selfed racemes with plants initially 100% female - treatment 2 (selfed) and seeds taken at random who served as control - treatment 3 (control). At the end of evaluation cycle can be observed that there was significant increase with 1% of probability... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Cearà / Matricaria recutita, conhecida popularmente como camomila, à uma espÃcie vegetal utilizada na medicina devido Ãs suas propriedades sedativa, antiinflamatÃria e cicatrizante, entre outros. O alfa-bisabolol, um sesquiterpeno presente em seu Ãleo essencial, tambÃm possui vÃrias atividades farmacolÃgicas reconhecidas. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas as atividades gastroprotetora, antioxidante, antimicrobiana e citotÃxica do extrato seco das flores de camomila (ESFC) e do alfa-bisabolol (BISA). Na atividade gastroprotetora, o ESFC nas doses 100, 200 e 400 mg/Kg, via oral, reduziu significativamente em 78, 68 e 89 %, respectivamente (p<0,001) as lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol (1,0 mL/animal) em ratos. BISA tambÃm inibiu a formaÃÃo de Ãlceras induzidas por etanol, mas somente nas doses 50 e 100 mg/Kg (87% e 96%, respectivamente). O mecanismo de gastroproteÃÃo do BISA nas lesÃes gÃstrica induzidas por etanol em ratos foi avaliado na dose de 100 mg/Kg. O prÃ-tratamento com o antagonista do Ãxido nÃtrico (L-NAME) e com um inibidor das prostaglandinas (indometacina) nÃo bloqueou efetivamente o efeito gastroprotetor do BISA, mas o prÃ-tratamento com glibenclamida, um inibidor dos canais K +ATP, reduziu significativamente (p<0,05) o efeito gastroprotetor de BISA. Esses resultados mostram que BISA pode reduzir os danos da mucosa gÃstrica induzidos por etanol atravÃs do mecanismo de ativaÃÃo dos canais K+ATP. Na avaliaÃÃo do potencial antioxidante mensurado atravÃs do teste do DPPH, tanto ESFC quanto BISA nÃo apresentaram atividade seqÃestradora de radicais livres. O mÃtodo de difusÃo em Ãgar foi usado para determinar o potencial antimicrobiano do ESFC e do BISA sobre cepas microbianas originÃrias da ATCC e de origem hospitalar. O ESFC nÃo foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de nenhuma das cepas de bactÃrias testadas e determinou apenas uma pequena inibiÃÃo para a levedura C. albicans na concentraÃÃo de 5mg/mL. BISA inibiu o crescimento de S. aureus ATCC 6538, C. albicans ATCC 10231, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Acinetobacter balmanii atà nas concentraÃÃes de 0,0625, 0,0625, 4 e 4 mg/mL, respectivamente. A maior atividade antimicrobiana de BISA foi demonstrada sobre a bactÃria Gram-positiva S. aureus ATCC 6538, com uma CIM de 1mg/mL e CLM maior que 1mg/mL. Para as demais cepas testadas, as CIM e CLM de ESFC e de BISA foram maiores que 1mg/mL. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi realizada a avaliaÃÃo da citotoxicidade do ESFC e do BISA. NeutrÃfilos humano foram isolados e receberam ESFC e BISA (1,5,10,50 e 100 Âg/mL), onde ESFC se mostrou citotÃxico em todas as doses testadas, enquanto que o BISA sà nÃo apresentou atividade citotÃxica na dose de 5 Âg/mL.Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho sugerem que ESFC e BISA possuem atividade gastroprotetora em lesÃes gÃstricas induzidas por etanol, onde o mecanismo de aÃÃo do BISA parece estar relacionado com a ativaÃÃo dos canais K+ATP. Entretanto, nÃo foi possÃvel determinar a atividade antioxidante das duas drogas teste atravÃs do teste do DPPH. O melhor resultado para a atividade antimicrobiana do BISA foi demonstrada para a bactÃria S. aureus ATCC 6538, com CIM de 1mg/mL, tambÃm sendo demonstrada atividade citotÃxica para essa mesma substÃncia. / Matricaria recutita, commonly known as chamomile, is a plant species used in medicine due to its sedative properties, anti-inflammatory and healing, among others. Alpha-bisabolol, a sesquiterpene present in essential oil, also has several pharmacological activities recognized. This work evaluated the gastroprotective activity, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities from chamomile dried flowers extract (CDFE) and alpha-bisabolol (BISA). Gastroprotective activity for ESFC at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg, orally, significantly reduced in 78, 68 and 89% respectively (p <0.001) gastric lesions induced by ethanol (1.0 mL / animal). BISA also inhibited the formation of ulcers induced by ethanol, but only at doses 50 and 100 mg / kg (87% and 96%, respectively). The mechanism of gastroprotective the BISA in gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats was evaluated at a dose of 100 mg / kg. The pre-treatment with the antagonist of nitric oxide (L-NAME) or antagonist of prostaglandins (indomethacin) did not blocked effectively of BISA, but the pretreatment with glibenclamide, an inhibitor of K+ATP channels, reduced significantly (p <0.05) the gastroprotective effect of BISA. These results indicate that BISA can reduce the damage of gastric mucosa induced by ethanol through the mechanism of activation of K+ATP channels. To evaluate the antioxidant potential measured by the DPPH test, both as ESFC and BISA showed no scavenging activity of free radicals. The method of agar diffusion was used to determine the antimicrobial potential of ESFC and BISA on microbial strains originating from ATCC and hospital origin. The ESFC was not able to inhibit the growth of any of the bacterial strains tested and required only a small inhibition for the yeast C. albicans at a concentration of 5 mg / mL. BISA inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 6538, C. albicans ATCC 10231, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter balmanii at concentrations of 0,0625, 0.0625, 4 and 4 mg / mL, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activity of BISA was demonstrated against Gram-positive S. aureus ATCC 6538, with an MIC of 1mg/mL and MLC greater than 1mg/mL. For the other strains tested, the MIC and the CLM ESFC and BISA were greater than 1mg per mL. From the results obtained was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ESFC and BISA. Human neutrophils were isolated and were ESFC and BISA (1,5,10,50 and 100 mg / mL), where ESFC proved cytotoxic at all doses tested, while the BISA not only showed cytotoxic activity at dose of 5 mg / mL. The results of this study suggest that ESFC and BISA have gastroprotective activity in gastric lesions induced by ethanol, where the mechanism of action of BISA seems to be related to activation of K+ATP channels. However, it was not possible to determine the antioxidant activity of two drugs test by the DPPH test. The best result for the antimicrobial activity of BISA was demonstrated for the bacteria S. aureus ATCC 6538, with MIC 1mg/mL also being demonstrated cytotoxic activity for that substance.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / CHAPTER 01: CHEMICAL STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Annona coriacea Mart. AND Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - In this research was performed the study of the chemical profile of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of flowers and leaves of species Annona coriacea and Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) by means of extraction in vivo and in vitro, through the techniques headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), hydrodistillation and characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By the analysis of the volatile fraction of flowers and leaves of A. coriacea it was observed different VOCs, according to the coatings utilized, since the selection of the fiber becomes one of the main factors for VOCs analysis in different vegetables parts. The chemical profile of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained through HS-SPME, which compared the efficiency of in vivo and in vitro extractions, due to the higher number of VOCs present in the floral aroma. Once were obtained various chemical data, the multivariate analysis of the data was performed, which provided relevant information, contributing to the optimization of some conditions, such as selection of fiber, extraction time and extraction temperature yielded the characterization of the most number of VOCs. In this context, the conditions that presented the most promising results were: fibers CAR/PDMS and PA, extraction time equal the 60 min and extraction temperature of 29 °C. The essential oil of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by GC-MS. The major compound present was the pentadecan-2-one (16.38%). The extraction techniques utilized were helpful, however there was qualitative and quantitative variation of VOCs, which is expected due to the extraction process be different. Thus, it is observed that depending on the objective of the survey or that searches for in the volatile fraction, it is necessary to use the technique to give the most promising results for the investigation held or in order to complement each other. In this way, the study of A. coriacea and X. aromatica contributed to the knowledge of the chemical profile of VOCs present in these species, seen from these investigations that the same can be applied in several industrial areas, for example cosmetic, food, among others. / CAPÍTULO 01: ESTUDO QUÍMICO DOS COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS VOLÁTEIS DE Annona coriacea Mart. E Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - Nesta pesquisa realizou-se o estudo do perfil químico dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) das flores e folhas das espécies Annona coriacea e Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae), por meio da extração in vivo e in vitro, através das técnicas de headspace-microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME), hidrodestilação e caracterização via cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Pela análise da fração volátil das flores e folhas de A. coriacea observou-se COVs diferentes, de acordo com os revestimentos usados, visto que a seleção da fibra se torna um dos principais fatores para a análise de COVs em partes vegetais diferentes. O perfil químico das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido via HS-SPME, em que se comparou a eficiência das extrações in vivo e in vitro, em função do maior número de COVs presentes no aroma floral. Uma vez que foram obtidos vários dados químicos, foi realizada a análise multivariada dos mesmos, a qual forneceu informações relevantes, contribuindo para a otimização de algumas condições, tais como seleção da fibra, tempo de extração e temperatura de extração que rendessem a caracterização do maior número de COVs. Neste contexto, as condições que apresentaram os resultados mais promissores foram: fibras de CAR/PDMS e PA, tempo de extração igual a 60 min e temperatura de extração de 29 oC. O óleo essencial das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido por hidrodestilação e caracterizado quimicamente por CG-EM. O composto majoritário presente foi a pentadecan-2-ona (16,38%). As técnicas de extração utilizadas foram úteis, entretanto houve variação quali e quantitativa dos COVs, o que é esperado devido ao processo de extração ser diferente. Assim, observou-se que dependendo do objetivo da pesquisa ou do que se procura na fração volátil, faz-se necessária a utilização da técnica que dê os resultados mais promissores para a investigação realizada ou de forma que se complementem. Desta maneira, o estudo de A. coriacea e X. aromatica contribuiu para o conhecimento do perfil químico dos COVs presentes nestas espécies, visto que a partir destas investigações os mesmos podem ser aplicados em várias áreas industriais, por exemplo cosmético, alimentos, dentre outros.

A proposta deste trabalho é a tradução para o português do romance Les Fleurs bleues, de Raymond Queneau. Trata-se de um romance que oferece resistência à tradução em função do trabalho do autor sobre a língua francesa. Para chegar ao objetivo proposto procedemos a uma historicização da obra de Queneau, de modo a compreendermos seu projeto de inclusão da língua falada na literatura e em todos os campos do conhecimento. A escrita de Queneau é caracterizada por seu estilo impregnado de humor e repleto de elementos de oralidade, em que o significante ganha autonomia: jogos de palavras, trocadilhos, provérbios, rimas, aliterações, o autor lança mão de todos os recursos para sublinhar, com humor, a crise do signo. Procuramos analisar os procedimentos adotados por Queneau e o modo como se manifesta sua escrita em Les Fleurs bleues visando ao estabelecimento de parâmetros que possibilitassem oferecer ao leitor brasileiro uma tradução que lhe permitisse, apesar dos diferentes contextos linguísticos e culturais, uma leitura prazerosa em que ele tenha acesso ao texto de Queneau e acompanhar a narrativa, conservando o jogo de significantes e o humor. Levantamos marcas de oralidade presentes nos sistemas linguísticos francês e português, para chegarmos, finalmente à realização do trabalho tradutório, do qual comentamos as manifestações de oralidade no original e as soluções adotadas para sua restituição em português. / The purpose of this work is the Portuguese translation of the novel Les Fleurs bleues, by Raymond Queneau. It is a novel that offers resistance to translation as a function of author\'s work on the French language. To reach the proposed goal, we proceeded to a historicizing of Queneau\'s production, in order to understand his project for inclusion of the spoken language in literature and in all fields of knowledge. Queneau\'s writing is characterized by his style imbued with humor and filled with elements of orality, where significant gains autonomy: wordplay, puns, proverbs, rhymes, alliterations, the author uses all resources to emphasize with humor, the \"crisis of the sign.\" We have analyzed the procedures adopted by Queneau and how his writing manifests in Les Fleurs bleues in order to establish parameters that offers to Brazilian readers a translation that would enables him, despite the different linguistic and cultural contexts, to have an enjoyable read and to access the text of Queneau and follow the narrative, keeping the work of signifiers and the humor. We studied the marks of orality present in French and Portuguese language systems, to arrive finally to perform the work of translation, which we commented on the manifestations of orality in the original and the adopted solutions for restitution in Portuguese.

A partir de l'élaboration du catalogue de son oeuvre (tableaux de chevalet et peintures décoratives), cette thèse étudie et ré-évalue la place de Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer dans la France du Grand Siècle. L'étude des oeuvres de ses collaborateurs et contemporains permet de préciser l'originalité de sa personnalité artistique et de définir sa place dans le développement de la peinture de nature morte en France au XVIIe siècle. Né à Lille, Monnoyer arrive tôt à Paris, où il ajoute à son expérience de la nature morte nordique l'influence des peintres français de la vie silencieuse. Il inscrit aussi son nom dans le siècle de Louis XIV comme peintre décorateur, effectuant les premiers décors des résidences de jeunesse du monarque (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Vincennes, les Tuileries). Il y donne ses lettres de noblesse au motif de la guirlande tressant la gloire du prince.Comme collaborateur de Le Brun, il travaille dans des chantiers privés (Hôtel Lambert, château de Vaux), ou des châteaux de ministre du roi (Sceaux). Il part encore travailler en Angleterre à la fin du siècle. L’abondance des commandes royales l'oblige à s’entourer d’assistants. Les enjeux artistiques de cette production sont enfin analysés : la position du genre de la nature morte dans la doctrine officielle de l’Académie et sa reconnaissance dans les collections privées ; le statut du peintre de nature morte dans la génération des classiques, de Félibien à Perrault. Enfin, le rôle fondamental de Monnoyer dans le développement et la diffusion de ce genre est étudié. / Having compiled the entire work catalogue of Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer (easel paintings and decorations), this thesis aims to study and re-value his importance in France during the Grand Siècle.Through the study of works of his collaborators and contemporaries the uniqueness of his artistic personality is specified, as well as his position in the development of still life painting in France during the 17th century.Born in Lille, Monnoyer came early to Paris, where he joins his knowledge of Nordic still life painting to the influence of French « silent life » painters.His name is famous too during the century of Louis XIV as a painter decorator. As such, he made the first decorations for the youth residences of the monarch (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Vincennes, the Tuileries). He there develops the importance of the pattern of the garland glorifying the prince.As a collaborator of Le Brun, he works in private worksites (Hôtel Lambert, château de Vaux), or in castles of ministers (Sceaux). He also works in England at the end of the century. Due to the great amount of royal orders, he was forced to gather assistants. The artistic issues of this production are analysed: the situation of the still life genre in the official doctrine of the Academy, and his recognition in private collections ; the position of the still life painter in the classical generation, from Felibien to Perrault. And then, the fondamental part of Monnoyer in the development and the rayonnment of this genre is studied.