The diploma thesis consists of two fundamental parts. The first part is focused on scanning a section of the Admas area by a terrestrial laser scanner. This section describes the introduction to laser scanning, necessary utilities and software, fieldwork, the process from the registration of a point cloud, through point cloud processing to its connection into the S-JTSK. The second part of the thesis is mostly focused on execution of the digital model of the relief from the acquired data. It also deals with the two methods of creating a cross-sectional drawing of the area - one is based on the digital model of the relief and the other on data obtained by the polar method. The outcome of the thesis is to assess the accuracy of the topographical model, based on the comparison with the polar method.

The goal of this thesis is to scan part of the complex research center AdMaS using terrestrial laser scanner, from obtained data draw up a 3D terrain model and compare the height accuracy with conventional terrestrial measurement. The thesis is focused to software, which allow processing of point clouds and prepare the 3D model. The output of this work is the 3D terrain model and two transverse profiles for vertical comparison of two measurement methods.

The main goal of this master thesis is processing a point cloud with respect of possibilities of a registration clouds based on reference objects or on objects in general. This thesis studies transformations to the reference coordinate system S –JTSK. The first part of this thesis describes a theoretical background of the laser scanning and its use. A practical part shows the results and the evaluation of whole research.

This Master thesis is focused on the analysis of currently used methods which whose target is to determine the rate of image focus. This analysis was used during the development of the program which evaluates the rate of image focus in percentage rate, works in real time and cooperates with a camera capable of 4k image resolution with a manual focus of the lenses. Application is then capable of a finding of a pre-defined image under certain circumstances which is being used for increasing of effectivity of image focusing. Another option is represented by a method that is searching the most suitable area for focusing in the center of the image. A detailed description of these methods and program itself are also included in the thesis. The final part of the thesis contains records of measurement tests with its results.

L'essor de l'informatique affective ouvre aujourd'hui la porte à la création de dispositifs artificiels dotés d'une forme d'intelligence sociale et émotionnelle. L’étude de l'interaction homme-machine dans ce contexte offre de nombreuses pistes de recherche. Parmi celles-ci se trouve la question de la personnalité : comment il est possible de modéliser certaines caractéristiques d’une personnalité artificielle ? Comment ces caractéristiques influencent le déroulement de l'interaction entre l'homme et la machine ? Cette question globale soulève plusieurs questions de recherche : Comment définir la personnalité ? Sur quels modèles et théories issus de la psychologie peut-on s'appuyer pour développer une personnalité artificielle ? Quelle méthodologie adopter pour aborder l’implémentation d'un concept psychologique complexe ? Qu'apporte le développement informatique d'une personnalité à l'interaction homme-machine ? Au domaine de la psychologie de la personnalité ? Comment évaluer expérimentalement ces apports ? Pour aborder ces questions, nos travaux se positionnent dans une optique pluridisciplinaire, au croisement de l’informatique et de la psychologie. Au regard de sa pertinence pour une approche computationnelle, nous avons modélisé la régulation du Soi comme une composante de la personnalité. Ce concept est approché à partir de la théorie du regulatory focus. Sur cette base théorique, un cadre de travail conceptuel et un modèle computationnel sont proposés. Un questionnaire mesurant le regulatory focus a également été développé et validé. Ces propositions théoriques sont mises en œuvre dans deux implémentations data-driven (dimensionnelle vs socio-cognitive) dotant des agents de regulatory focus en utilisant de l’apprentissage automatique. Deux études utilisateurs (interaction unique avec agent artificiel vs sessions répétées avec agent animé), présentées dans un cadre ludique, ont permis d’étudier la perception du regulatory focus chez un agent et son impact sur l'interaction. Nos résultats encouragent l’utilisation du regulatory focus en informatique affective et ouvrent des perspectives sur les liens théoriques et méthodologiques entre informatique et psychologie. / The development of affective computing is leading to the design of artificial devices endowed with a form of social and emotional intelligence. The study of human-computer interaction in this context offers many research tracks. Among them is the question of personality: how to model some characteristics of an artificial personality? How these characteristics will influence the course of interaction with users? This goal rises several research questions: how to define personality? On which models and theories from psychology should we rely to define some artificial personality? Which methodology will help to address the implementation of such a complex psychological concept? What could artificial personality bring to the field of human-computer interaction? And to the psychology of personality? How to experimentally evaluate these contributions? To address these issues, this thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach, at the crossing of computing science and psychology. Given its relevance to a computational approach, we modeled self-regulation as a component of personality. This concept is approached from the regulatory focus theory. On this theoretical basis, a conceptual framework and a computational model are proposed. Our theoretical proposals led to two data-driven implementations (dimensional vs. socio-cognitive) which endowed our artificial agents with regulatory focus by using machine-learning. A French questionnaire measuring regulatory focus was designed and validated. Two user studies (brief interaction with artificial agents vs. repeated sessions with animated agents), where the regulatory focus of agents is conveyed via game strategies, enabled the study of regulatory focus perception and its impact on the interaction. Our results support the use of regulatory focus in affective computing and open perspectives on the theoretical and methodological links between computer science and psychology.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of social media (SM) as a relationship marketing tool (RM) in the context of professional sport in North America. The specific objectives are (i) to explore the use of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals within the context of professional sport, (ii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the opportunities of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, (iii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the challenges of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, and (iv) to examine the benefits of social media, if any, in enhancing long-term relationships with their favourite sport team from the perspective of fans of professional sport teams. Guided by a pragmatist philosophical worldview, the project adopted a multi-domain qualitative research approach. The multi-domain approach reflects the three data sources (i.e., the medium-SM platform, organization-professional teams, and consumers-sport fans). Putting an individual emphasis on each of these three data sources, three different but interrelated studies are conducted to accomplish the overall purpose of the dissertation using an article-based format. The first study, guided by the relationship marketing theoretical framework, adopted a netnographic method to investigate professional sport teams’ use of Twitter as an RM tool. Specifically, the study focused on the three core components of RM: communication, interaction, and value. The netnography is based on data gathered from the official Twitter account of 20 professional sport teams from the four major leagues from August 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016. Results outline seven emergent communication types, six interaction practices, and ten values (co)created by the teams or/and fans. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as impetus for future research are identified. The second study aimed at obtaining a first-hand and an in-depth understanding of the role, opportunities, and challenges of SM in meeting RM goals from the perspective of senior managers of professional sport teams. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 managers from the four major leagues professional sport teams in North America. Results outline the platforms adopted, six intended objectives, seven opportunities and seven challenges of SM as an RM medium. A list of theoretical and practical implications, and impetus for future research is provided. The purpose of the third study was to first gain an empirically supported understanding of the role and benefits of SM as an RM tool from the perspective of professional sport fans and, following that, to identify, specify, verify, and refine the emergent benefits. The study employed an adaptation of the focus group method, dubbed the ‘sequential funnel-based focus group’, which is a multiphase, step-wise version of the established method. The sequential funnel-based focus group is conceptualized, developed, described, and used in this work as a research method. The adaptation allowed the identification of benefits of SM as a medium that enhances long-term relationships through a series of funnel-based focus group discussions in three sequential phases. A total of 10 focus groups with 81 participants took part in the study. The work identified seven major benefits (and 15 sub-categories of benefits) that fans see as opportunities presented by SM as a medium to enhance long-term relationship with their team. Theoretical contributions, practical recommendations, and directions for future research are provided. The findings from the three studies are integrated to construct a multi-dimensionally informed and comprehensive understanding of the use of SM in RM in professional sport. In general, data gathered from the perspective of the three domains (i.e., medium/SM platform, organizational/ professional teams, and consumers/sport fans) informed that SM is providing new directions to RM, making it an effective and affordable channel in realizing RM goals in professional sport context. The thesis also produced empirical evidence of the opportunities that SM presents and the challenges that it poses in terms of meeting RM goals in the context of professional sport. Informed by the studies data, the dissertation also extended Grönroos’s (2004) RM process model through the lens of SM in professional sport context. Contributions to scholarship, practical recommendations, directions for future research, and the limitations of the dissertation are provided.

Introduction: The study of self-talk and its influence on sport performance is extensive. Lately, the study of pressure performance within a regulatory fit framework has gained momentum. However, little research has investigated the influence regulatory fit may have on performance and, more precisely, how the use of self-talk with such framework may have on performance under pressure. Objective: To examine whether female football players with self-talk training within a regulatory fit framework produce better performances in a passing football task when under perceived pressure compared to a control group. Methods: In a pre– post-test, independent group study design, 33 female football players (M = 19.52, SD = 2.82 years) completed a passing drill carried out in two separate conditions, that is under no pressure and under pressure. Participants also completed a series of psychological measures that are relevant in the study of the performance–pressure relationship (i.e., affect, anxiety, self-confidence, and mental effort). Results: Performance under pressure was protected from deterioration in the experimental group. The experimental group also showed lower levels of negative emotions and higher self-confidence. Conclusion: Findings suggests that self-talk within a regulatory fit framework improves footballing performance under pressure and could be considered as a self-talk strategy beneficial to performance under pressure. / Introduktion: Studerandet av self-talk och dess inverkan på sportprestationer är omfattande. På senare tid, har studerandet av prestation under press inom ett regulatory fit ramverk tagit fart. Dock har begränsat med forskning undersökt inverkan regulatory fit kan ha på prestation och mer exakt, hur användandet av self-talk med ett sådant ramverk kan ha på prestation under press. Syfte: Att undersöka om kvinnliga fotbollsspelare med self-talk träning inom ett regulatory fit ramverk producerar bättre prestationer i en passningsövning under upplevd press jämfört med en kontrollgrupp. Metod: I en för- och eftertest, oberoende gruppstudiedesign genomförde 33 kvinnliga fotbollsspelare (M = 19.52, SD = 2.82 år) en passningsövning under två separata förhållanden, det vill säga under ingen press och under press. Deltagarna genomförde också en rad psykologiska mätningar som är relevanta i studerandet av relationen prestation-press (d.v.s. affekt, ångest, självförtroende och mental ansträngning). Resultat: Prestation under press skyddades från försämring i experimentgruppen. Experimentgruppen visade också lägre nivåer av negativa känslor och högre självförtroende. Slutsats: Resultaten tyder på att self-talk inom ett regulatory fit ramverk förbättrar fotbollsprestation under press och kan betraktas som en self-talk strategi som är fördelaktig för prestation under press.

The Phase Gradient Autofocus (PGA) algorithm is widely used in spotlight mode SAR for motion compensation. The Maximum Likelihood PGA (ML PGA) algorithm has been shown to be a superior autofocus method. The PGA is restricted to high altitude aircraft. Since lower altitude SARs have significant range dependencies that cannot be ignored, the PGA could not be used. This thesis eliminates the high altitude restriction and extends the PGA for use with all spotlight SARs. The new algorithm is tested with three images. Each image has a unique quality. A desert image provides a low signal to clutter ratio with no distinct targets and the mountain image has areas with high signal-to-clutter and areas with low signal-to-clutter. Each image was corrupted with a low frequency and high frequency motion induced low altitude phase error. The new Phase Weighted Estimation (PWE) low altitude autofocus method converged to a lower standard deviation than the ML PGA, but required more iterations. Another limitation of the PGA is that it will only work for spotlight SAR. In this thesis, the spotlight PGA is extended to stripmap by using a conversion similar to spotlight mode. With the space frequency relationship an altered PGA is used to extend the PGA to stripmap mode SAR. The stripmap SAR, range dependant PGA allows for focusing of low altitude low cost stripmap SARs. The phase weighted estimation method is extended to range dependent stripmap. The stripmap mode estimator is most successful with high signal-to-noise images.

The study was conducted in Norrbottens County. The purpose with the study was to examine which way social studie teachers interpret and convert economy education. How do social studie teachers teach economy in social science? How for content do teacher choose to focus in economy section in social sciene subject and the choice or emphasis about the content in education: national economy or personal fiance or something else? Which factors lies as basis for teachers to convert economy education in different ways, one choice that could lead to students getting varied education? The theory that is used in the study is factor theoretical perspective and the research approach is deductive. The method that is used in the essay is a qualitative individual interview with a mix of open questions and half standardise questions and the study is a case study. Six teachers was interviewed in upper secondary school. The result of the study the teachers believes that in the economy part of social studies that regulatory documents controls the shape, what they evaluting after and pervade the teaching profession as a entirety. Which made the formulation arena to have a increased influence then transformation arena. That means that the teachers autonomy to interpret have decreased when teachers follows the regulatory documents stricter. / Studien genomfördes i Norrbottens län. Syftet med studien är att undersöka på vilket sätt samhällskunskapslärare tolkar och omvandlar ekonomiundervisningen. Vad undervisar samhällskunskapslärare om i samhällskunskap när det gäller ekonomi? Vilket innehåll väljer lärarna att fokusera på inom ekonomidelen av samhällskunskapsämnet, det vill säga valet av eller betoningen på själva innehållet i undervisningen: samhällsekonomi eller privatekonomi eller någonting annat? Vilka faktorer ligger till grund för att lärarna omsätter ekonomiundervisningen på olika sätt, val som i sin tur kan leda till att eleverna får varierande undervisning? Den teori som används i studien är ramfaktorperspektiv och forskningsansatsen är deduktiv. Metoden som används i uppsatsen är kvalitativa enskilda intervjuer med en blandning av öppna frågor och halvstandardiserade frågor och studien är en fallstudie. Sex lärare från gymnasiet intervjuades. I resultatet av studien anser lärarna att inom den ekonomiska delen av samhällskunskap så styr styrdokumenten utformningen gällande inriktningen för deras bedömning samt genomsyrar läraryrket i sin helhet. Vilket innebär att formuleringsarenan har fått en större påverkan än transformeringsarenan. Det innebär i sin tur att lärarnas friutrymme för tolkning har minskat när lärarna följer styrdokumenten till punkt och pricka.

Introduktion: Externt fokus har visats vara fördelaktigt jämfört med internt fokus för en rad olika motoriska uppgifter. Dessutom menar vissa studier att det kan ha en betydande roll för rehabilitering, från till exempel en främre korsbandsskada. Det är dock oklart om uppmärksamhetsfokus påverkar utförandet av knäböj på en balansplatta, en övning som ibland används vid träning och rehabilitering. Syfte: Det primära syftet med följande studie är att undersöka om uppmärksamhetsfokus har en påverkan på rörelsekontroll vid knäböj utförd på en balansplatta. Det sekundära syftet är att jämföra en kontrollgrupp med en grupp individer som haft en främre korsbandsskada. Metod: Femton kvinnor mellan 19 och 24 år deltog, varav tio friska samt fem med främre korsbandsskada. Deltagarnas aktivitetsnivå var minst fyra på Tegners aktivitetsskala. De uppfyllde även FYSS rekommendationer om fysisk aktivitet. De genomförde totalt 18 stycken knäböj på en balansplatta med neutralt, externt och internt fokus. Ett tredimensionellt kamerasystem fångade kinematiken. Variablerna som analyserades var maximal/ minimal flexion/extension, knäadduktion/ abduktion, smidighet i rörelsen, flexions-/extensionstiden, plattans rörelse samt absoluta vinkel. Resultat: Kontrollgruppens signifikanta skillnader gällde knäts rörelsekontroll samt balansplattans rörelse. I den sammanslagna gruppen framkom signifikanta skillnader i utförandet av knäböjen gällande maximala och minimala vinklar. Mellan kontrollgruppen och korsbandsgruppen skiljde endast plattans rörelse under externt fokus. Neutralt fokus verkar i övrigt ha en positiv inverkan på rörelsekontroll vid knäböj på en balansplatta. Slutsats: Uppmärksamhetsfokus har en påverkan på utförandet av knäböj på en balansplatta. Fokusinriktade instruktioner bör därför anpassas utifrån uppgift och individ. / <p>Uppsatsen är skriven inom projektet "Korsbandsskada i knät - orsak, behandling och hur det går senare i livet" vid Institutionen för samhällsmedicin och rehabilitering, avdelningen för fysioterapi.</p>