As suspensões de estearato de eritromicina, de procedência nacional, apresentam a inconveniência que reside na elevada viscosidade ou flutuação do fármaco disperso. Foram estudados diferentes adjuvantes farmacotécnicos, a fim de verificar fatores interferentes que poderiam melhorar a estabilidade da suspensão de estearato de eritromicina. Como agentes suspensores foram utilizados BoniasolR2600 (carboximetilcelulose sódica), veegumR HV (silicato de alumínio e magnésio) e ViscosolR RV (glicolato de amido sódico) e como edulcorantes a glicerina, sorbitol a 70% e sacarose. As determinações analíticas para avaliar a estabilidade das suspensões foram: pH, densidade, viscosidade, aspecto da suspensão, volume do fármaco disperso, características de ressuspensão e doseamento do antibiótico. As suspensões contendo BoniasolR 260 e glicerina ou sorbitol não apresentaram o fenômeno da flutuação. As preparações contendo VeegumRRV e glicerina ou sorbitol na concentração de 30% (p/v) apresentaram estabilidade adequada. / Suspensions of erithromycin stearate of national origin present the inconvenience of the high viscosity or of the flotation of the dispersed drug. Different pharmaceutical helpers were studied in order to verify of the erythromycin stearate suspension. BoniasolR2600 (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), VeegumR HV (aluminum magnesium silicate) and ViscosolR RV (sodium starch glycollate) were used as suspending agents and glycerin, sorbitol at 70% and sucrose were used as sweeteners. Analytic determination to evaluate the suspensions stability were: pH, density, viscosity, aspecto of suspension, volume of the dispersed drug, resuspension characteristics and determination of the antibiotic dose. Suspensions containing BoniasolR 2600 and glycerin or sorbitol didn\'t present floatation. Preparation with veegumR HV and glycerin or sorbitol in a concentration of 30% (p/v) presented adequate stability.

Há muitos agentes terapêuticos comercializados sob forma racêmica. Os enantiômeros podem apresentar diferenças significativas nos perfis farmacocinético e farmacodinâmico. O uso do enantiômero puro em formulações farmacêuticas pode resultar em melhor ajuste de dose e menos efeitos adversos. A atropina, um alcalóide natural da Atropa belladonna, é a mistura racêmica de l-hiosciamina e d-hiosciamina. Este fármaco é principalmente utilizado para dilatar a pupila e como um antiespasmódico. Para quantificar estes enantiômeros, foram desenvolvidos métodos analíticos utilizando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com as fases estacionárias quirais Chiralcel-OD® e Chiral-AGP®. Para quantificar estes enantiômeros em soluções oftálmicas, foi realizada a validação com sucesso de um método por CLAE, empregando uma coluna Chiral-AGP®, a 20°C. A fase móvel foi uma solução tampão fosfato (contendo 10 mM de 1-octanosulfonato de sódio e 7,5 mM de trietilamina, ajustada para pH 7,0 com ácido fosfórico) e acetonitrila (99:1 v/v). A vazão foi de 0,6 mL/min, com detecção ultravioleta em 205 nm. No intervalo de concentração de 14,0 µg/mL a 26,0 µg/mL, o método é linear (r > 0,9999), exato (100,1% - 100,5%) e preciso (RSDsistema ≤ 0,6%; RSDintra-dia ≤ 1,1%; RSDentre-dias ≤ 0,9%). O método é específico e os testes de validação asseguram que as soluções de padrão e amostra são estáveis até 72 horas. O planejamento fatorial assegura a robustez com variação de ±10% nos componentes da fase móvel e 2°C na temperatura da coluna. / There are many therapeutic agents commercialized under racemic form. The enantiomers can show significant differences in the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. The use of pure enantiomer in pharmaceutical formulations can result in better adjustment of dose and less adverse effects. Atropine, an alkaloid of the Atropa belladonna, is a racemic mixture of l-hyoscyamine and d-hyoscyamine. This drug is mainly used to dilate the pupil and as an antispasmodic agent. To quantify these enantiomers analytical methods were developed, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chiral stationary phases Chiralcel OD® and Chiral AGP®. To quantify these enantiomers in ophthalmic solutions the validation of a HPLC method was performed using a Chiral AGP® column at 20°C. The mobile phase consisted of a buffered phosphate solution (containing 10 mM 1-octanesulfonic acid sodium salt and 7.5 mM triethylamine, adjusted to pH 7.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (99:1 v/v). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, with ultraviolet detection at 205 nm. In the concentration range from 14.0 mg/mL to 26.0 mg/mL, the method is linear (r > 0.9999), exact (100.1% - 100.5%) and precise (RSDsystem ≤ 0.6%; RSDintra-day ≤ 1.1%; RSDinter day ≤ 0.9%). The method is specific and the validation tests assure that standard and sample solutions are stable for up to 72 hours. The factorial design assures the robustness with variation of ± 10% in the mobile phase components and 2°C of column temperature.

[pt] O presente trabalho investiga formas de tratamento de parentesco em uma comparação entre o japonês e o português do Brasil com aplicabilidade no ensino de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). Tanto na língua japonesa quanto na língua portuguesa é possível chamar, por exemplo, de tio uma pessoa que não é realmente irmão ou cunhado dos seus pais, mas a maneira de se utilizar esse e outros vocábulos de parentesco como tratamento difere em cada uma dessas línguas. Dessa forma, com dados de revistas em quadrinhos brasileiras e japonesas, analisa-se o uso de: avô, esposo, filho, irmão, neto, pai, tio e suas respectivas formas femininas. A análise é feita com base em conceitos da antropologia, do interculturalismo e da pragmática e confirma que há diferenças entre o uso japonês e o brasileiro dos vocábulos de parentesco. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram quando, como e por que cada uma dessas formas é escolhida pelos falantes para se referir a não-parentes. / [en] This dissertation investigates kinship address forms in Japanese and in Brazilian Portuguese, with applicability in Portuguese as a Second Language classes. Both in Japanese language and Portuguese language it is possible, for example, to use the word uncle to refer to a person who isn’t actually brother nor brother-in-law of either your parents. Still, the way of using this and other kinship words as address forms differ in these two languages. With data collected from Japanese and Brazilian comic books, the use of the following kinship words is analyzed: brother, father, grandfather, grandson, husband, son, uncle and its respective feminine forms. The analysis is based in concepts from Anthropology, Interculturalism and Pragmatics and it confirms that there are differences between Japanese and Brazilian use of kinship words. The results of this research show when, how and why each of these forms is chosen by the speaker to talk with a non-relative.

Cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre d’une cotutelle entre l’Université Fédérale de Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil, et l’Université Paris Nanterre, France, examine les relations entre corps et objet à partir de l’exercice du théâtre de formes animées dans le contexte brésilien de formation des enseignants en Licence de Pédagogie. A cet égard, elle utilise la notion métaphorique de surmarionnette d’Edward Gordon Craig et ses expérimentations sur le mouvement du corps et sur l’espace scénique. L’étude part du constat d’une double absence concernant les futur.e.s pédagogues: celle de références artistiques et celle de l’indivisibilité du théâtre de formes animées. A cela s’ajoute (pour ces étudiant.e.s) une perception superficielle et caricaturale de ce langage théâtral, au détriment de sa puissance comme objet d’art, de philosophie et d’histoire.Le questionnement de cette thèse peut être ainsi défini: comment penser les possibilités pour le corps dans la formation des enseignants en Pédagogie à partir de la proposition de la Surmarionnette d’Edward Gordon Craig? A cet effet, ont été réalisés des ateliers de théâtre de formes animées avec onze groupes d’étudiant.e.s du cursus de Licence en Pédagogie de huit universités de Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil. Ces ateliers ont été annotés et enregistrés sur des vidéos, constituant des dossiers qui, postérieurement, ont été analysés. Le fondement théorique s’inspire de l’œuvre foucaldienne, tout particulièrement, des notions de corps docile, fonction-auteur, hétérotopie, corps utopique et dans l’exercice de penser d’autres manières à partir de son archéogénéalogie. Cet exercice est nourri de la notion d’expérience de Larrosa (2015), de celle de formation-expérience de Dias (2012) et de la culture de la présence de Gumbrecht (2010). On envisage le théâtre de formes animées selon ses potentialités de formation dans les déplacements : de la conception d’un processus de formation calquée sur la modélisation, surla transmission et la répétition de contenus vers une formation-expérience; de la formation textocentrique vers l’indéfinition de la situation créative; des vérités pédagogisantes vers l’incertitude. Nous concluons sur une proposition pédagogique qui s’oppose à des formules prédertimées et qui considère que le processus de construction de la connaissance est plus complexe et se révèle par le biais de l’action, et, donc, par celui du corps. / This dissertation, developed in a joint degree agreement between Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Université Paris Nanterre, France, investigates the relations between body and object from a theater of animated forms exercise in the Brazilian context of teacher training in Pedagogy. For this purpose, Edward Gordon Craig’s metaphoric notion of Übermarionnette and the experiments with movement and forms of the scenic space are used. The study departs from the verification of the deficit of artistic references on part of the future pedagogues, as well as the invisibility of theater of animated forms in this context, often seen in a superficial and grotesque way in detriment of its potency as object of art, philosophy and history. The theoretical basis is inspired by the Foucauldian work, especially the notions of docile body, author function, heterotopia, utopian body and the exercise of thinking in distinct ways from his archeogenealogy. Such exercise is interwoven with Larrosa’s notion of experience (2015), Dias’ training-experience (2012) and Gumbrecht’s presence experience (2010). It is understood that what the theater of animated forms has as formative is its possibility of fostering shifts: from the conception of training based on content modeling, transmission and repetition to training-experience; from text-centered training to the lack of definition of the creative situation; and from pedagogizing truths to uncertainty. It is concluded that it is a pedagogic proposal that opposes to formulas and considers that the process of knowledge construction is more complex and happens through action, therefore through the body. / Esta tese, realizada em convênio de cotutela entre a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e a Université Paris Nanterre, na França, investiga as relações entre corpo e objeto a partir do exercício de teatro de formas animadas no contexto brasileiro da formação docente em cursos de gradução em Pedagogia. Para tanto, toma a noção metafórica da Übermarionnette de Edward Gordon Craig e as experimentações com o movimento e as formas do espaço cênico. O estudo parte da constatação do déficit de referências artísticas das futuras pedagogas e, também, da invisibilidade do teatro de formas animadas nesse contexto, frequentemente visto de forma superficial e caricata em detrimento de sua potência como objeto de arte, de filosofia e de história. A questão desta tese pode ser assim definida: como pensar as possibilidades para o corpo na formação docente em Pedagogia a partir da proposta da Übermarionette de Edward Gordon Craig? Para tanto, foram realizadas oficinas de teatro de formas animadas com onze grupos de alunas de cursos de graduação em Pedagogia de oito universidades do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Essas oficinas foram anotadas e registradas em vídeos, produzindo-se dossiês que, posteriormente, foram analisados. A base teórica é constituída a partir da inspiração na obra foucaultiana, em especial, as noções de corpo dócil, função autor, heterotopia, corpo utópico e no exercício de pensar de outros modos a partir da sua arqueogenealogia. Tal exercício é entretecido com a noção de experiência de Larrosa (2015), de formação-experiência de Dias (2012) e de cultura da presença de Gumbrecht (2010). Entende-se que o que o teatro de formas animadas possui de formativo é a sua possibilidade de promover deslocamentos: da concepção de um processo de formação calcada na modelização, transmissão e repetição de conteúdos para uma formação-experiência; da formação textocêntrica para a indefinição da situação criativa; e das verdades pedagogizantes para a incerteza. Conclui-se que é uma proposta pedagógica que se opõe à formulas e considera que o processo de construção do conhecimento é mais complexo e se dá por intermédio da ação e, portanto, do corpo.

Aesthetic criticism very often has been overlooked and considered a lesser form. However, many interpretations, applications and discernments can be obtained from this kind of art writing. Using Osvaldo Sánchez's work as a case study, this thesis examines how writerly art criticism offers an active reading framework of the work of art by using philosophical, literary and poetic constructions. In this regard, I will see how the "writerly" condition has contributed compelling insights to the History of Aesthetics, highlighting the connections and disconnections between Sánchez and other writerly critics, which demonstrates the significance of developing a flexible, available and aesthetic learning model of art appreciation. I will analyze as well various models of experience, subjective and objective, that release certain "openness" as a premise for their existences. Here are included the Kantian sublime, Heidegger's ontological Being, the surrealist cultivation of chance, Kaprow's happenings, and the attitude of disinterest developed by the vanishing poets as defended by the scholar Rafael Hernández Rodríguez. I will show that, by choosing an accommodating approach to discover forms of knowledge, an assortment of valuable empirical content can be found. Finally, I investigate the writerly work of Cuban critic Osvaldo Sánchez that does not adopt a fixed critical pattern. Instead, Sánchez's art writing passes through fields, providing us with a heuristic methodology in which the aesthetic emerges not as a preconditioned set of principles/procedures, but as a true lived experience.

La acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) hidroliza el neurotransmisor acetilcolina. La enzima se presenta en distintas formas moleculares. Tetrámeros hidrofílicos de AChE de suero fetal bovino se purificaron, sometieron a un tratamiento químico desnaturalizante o reductor, y estudiaron mediante análisis de sedimentación, cromatografía, fluorescencia intrínseca y unión de sondas hidrofóbicas. La transformación de los tetrámeros hidrofílicos en dímeros y monómeros anfifílicos demostró la alta flexibilidad conformacional de las subunidades de AChE, lo que podría ser crucial en la síntesis del conjunto completo de sus formas moleculares, y aportó una explicación de cómo algunas de sus formas interaccionan con las membranas. Para entender la heterogeneidad molecular de la AChE, también se empleó el anticuerpo AE-1, que interaccionó de forma desigual con oligómeros y monómeros de AChE de distintas fuentes. Experimentos de Western blot demostraron que el epítopo de AE-1 es de naturaleza confor macional. Finalmente, los datos experimentales descartaron la fosforilación de la AChE con proteína quinasa A. / Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The enzyme exists in several molecular forms. AChE hydrophilic tetramers from fetal bovine serum were purified, chemically denatured or reduced, and studied by sedimentation analysis, hydrophobic chromatography, intrinsic fluorescence spectra and binding of amphiphilic probes. Conversion of the hydrophilic tetramers into amphiphilic dimers and monomers showed that AChE subunits possess a flexible conformation, which may be important for generating a full set of molecular forms, and gave an explanation of the interaction of certain AChE forms with membranes. Another approach to determine the molecular basis for the structural heterogeneity of AChE was to use the antibody AE-1, which distinctly reacted with AChE oligomers and monomers from different sources. The results of Western blot revealed that the determinant for AE-1 consisted of a conformational domain, not a primary sequence region. Finally, the experimental data rejected the phosphorylation of AChE at non-consensus protein kinase A sites.

El objetivo global de esta tesis es examinar nuevos enfoques metodológicos referentes al análisis de costes y resultados para la evaluación económica de intervenciones sanitarias. Estos nuevos enfoques se aplican en tres estudios empíricos independientes, los cuales se presentan en los capítulos 2, 3 y 4. En el Capítulo 2 se analiza si la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y la satisfacción con la vida están relacionadas de forma simultánea y se cuantifica el sesgo que se comete en caso de no tener en cuenta dicha simultaneidad. Los datos del estudio se obtuvieron de una encuesta con 870 individuos, representativos de la población general española en términos de edad y sexo. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas ponen de manifiesto que, efectivamente, la relación entre la CVRS y la satisfacción con la vida es simultánea, siendo el efecto de la CVRS sobre la satisfacción superior (casi un 20%) al efecto opuesto. Más importante, el hecho de no tener en cuenta la interdependencia entre la CVRS y la satisfacción con la vida da lugar a estimaciones sesgadas, infravalorando de forma considerable el efecto de la satisfacción con la vida sobre la CVRS (en torno a un 18%) y, en menor medida, el efecto contrario (aproximadamente un 6%). La existencia de una influencia mutua entre la CVRS y la satisfacción con la vida supone que las ganancias en CVRS no solo se pueden obtener por medio de intervenciones y políticas sanitarias, sino también gracias a otro tipo de acciones y políticas públicas (tales como educación y empleo) que, a través de su impacto directo sobre la satisfacción, pueden inducir efectos colaterales positivos sobre la CVRS. A su vez, las intervenciones y políticas sanitarias también se configuran como potentes herramientas para la mejora del bienestar subjetivo. Asimismo, el hecho de que la relación entre la CVRS y la satisfacción con la vida sea simultánea resalta la conveniencia de valorar de forma más amplia los resultados de las intervenciones sanitarias, no solo teniendo en cuenta aspectos estrictamente relacionados con la salud, sino también con la satisfacción con la vida. Por su parte, el Capítulo 3 presenta un estudio de valoración monetaria de los cuidados informales a personas en situación de dependencia a partir de las preferencias de cuidadores informales y no cuidadores. El estudio se basa en una encuesta en la que participaron 402 sujetos (202 cuidadores y 200 no cuidadores). A todos ellos se les presentó un escenario referido a una determinada situación hipotética de cuidados informales y se les plantearon tres preguntas en las que debían indicar la mínima compensación monetaria que demandarían –es decir, su disposición a aceptar (DAA)– por una hora extra de cuidados al día en términos generales, por una hora adicional diaria realizando la tarea menos preferida, y por una hora extra al día desempeñando la tarea más preferida. Además, a los cuidadores también se les preguntó por la compensación que requerirían en caso de tener que dedicar una hora adicional de cuidados al día a la persona bajo su cuidado. Los valores obtenidos en las tres preguntas de DAA relativas al escenario hipotético presentaron distribuciones similares en las dos muestras, ascendiendo los valores medios/medianos de la DAA (en términos generales) a 6,4 €/5,5 € en la muestra de cuidadores y a 6,5 €/5,5 € en la muestra de no cuidadores. En general, las valoraciones de los dos grupos fueron sensibles a y consistentes con las preferencias de los encuestados entre distintas tareas de cuidados, aunque una considerable proporción de sujetos (en torno a 25% en cada muestra) indicaron la misma cantidad en las tres preguntas de DAA referidas a la situación hipotética. A nivel agregado, los cuidadores exigieron una menor compensación monetaria por cuidar a su propio ser querido durante una hora extra al día (valores medio/mediano: 5,2 €/4,5 €) que si esa hora adicional la tuvieran que dedicar a cuidar a la persona descrita en el escenario hipotético. No obstante, más de la mitad de los cuidadores ofrecieron la misma cantidad bajo las dos situaciones (hipotética y real), lo cual sugiere que las valoraciones de este grupo se vieron influidas por su propia experiencia prestando cuidados informales. Por último, en el Capítulo 4 se investiga si el fenómeno de la inversión de preferencias –o preference reversal (PR)–– entre decisiones de elección y valoración se atenúa conforme los individuos aprenden mediante la adquisición de experiencia con dichas tareas. Para ello, se realizó un experimento, dividido en dos sesiones independientes, con el fin de distinguir entre el efecto de la mera repetición de tareas (primera sesión) y el efecto combinado de la repetición junto con la retroalimentación (segunda sesión). La muestra se compuso de 319 estudiantes de Grado de la Universidad de Murcia y se dividió en tres grupos atendiendo a la naturaleza de los resultados ofrecidos en las loterías: “dinero”, “años de vida” y “días sin dolor de espalda”. En ambas sesiones se obtuvo el típico patrón asimétrico de PR, siendo la inversión de preferencias estándar –o standard preference reversal (SPR)– mucho más frecuente que la inversión de preferencias no estándar –o non-standard preference reversal (NSPR). En concreto, en término medio, un 50% y 53% de encuestados mostraron SPR en las sesiones 1 y 2, respectivamente, mientras que tan solo un 1,5% y un 2,9% de individuos incurrieron en NSPR en las mismas sesiones. El efecto combinado de la repetición de tareas y de la retroalimentación contribuyó a reducir de forma significativa la frecuencia de SPR, al contrario que la repetición de tareas por sí misma. Como consecuencia de ello, el número de respuestas consistentes aumentó significativamente a lo largo de la segunda sesión, aunque dicha mejora se vio limitada debido a la tendencia creciente de NSPR en la misma sesión. Además, se obtuvo una mayor proporción de SPR en los dos grupos que fueron expuestos a resultados en salud (especialmente en el grupo en el que los resultados de las loterías se expresaron en términos de años de vida) que en el grupo en el que se emplearon resultados monetarios. A pesar de que PR es un fenómeno robusto y persistente, los resultados de este experimento reflejan que una posible vía para mitigar su aparición pasa por obtener preferencias en sesiones interactivas, donde los encuestados, además de realizar varias veces las mismas tareas, también tengan la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre las consecuencias de las decisiones adoptadas en dichas tareas. No obstante, esta solución puede dar origen a nuevos sesgos, tales como el aumento de NSPR observado en la segunda sesión del experimento. / The overall aim of this thesis is to examine new methodological approaches pertaining to the assessment of costs and outcomes for the economic evaluation of health care interventions. These new approaches are applied in the context of three independent empirical studies, which are reported in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. Chapter 2 aims to examine whether health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and life satisfaction are simultaneously related, as well as to quantify the bias that occurs if simultaneity is not accounted for. The study sample consisted of 870 respondents, representative of the Spanish adult general population. The results derived from a simultaneous equations system reveal that the relationship between HRQoL and life satisfaction is actually simultaneous, with the effect from HRQoL to life satisfaction being higher (almost 20%) than the opposite effect. More important, the fact of estimating the relationship between life satisfaction and HRQoL under a unidirectional approach yields biased estimates, substantially undervaluing the effect of life satisfaction on HRQoL (by around 18%) and, to a lesser extent, the reverse effect (by approximately 6%). The presence of a mutual influence between HRQoL and life satisfaction entails that HRQoL gains can be achieved not only by means of health care interventions and health policies, but also thanks to other types of actions and policies (such as education and employment) which, through their direct impact on life satisfaction, can prompt positive side effects on HRQoL. In turn, health care interventions and health policies can be effective tools for enhancing subjective well-being. Likewise, the fact that HRQoL and life satisfaction are simultaneously associated stresses the appropriateness of assessing the outcomes of health care interventions more broadly, considering not only aspects strictly related to health, but also to life satisfaction. On the other hand, Chapter 3 reports the results of a study for the monetary valuation of informal care based on the preferences of both informal carers and non-carers. The study is based on a survey with a sample of 402 individuals (202 informal carers and 200 non-carers). All respondents faced a hypothetical caring scenario and were asked three questions in which they had to state the minimum monetary compensation they would demand –that is, their willingness to accept (WTA)– for one extra hour of care per day in general terms, for one additional hour performing the most unpleasant task, and for one extra hour undertaking the least unpleasant task. Furthermore, informal carers were also asked for the compensation they would require if they had to be in charge of their actual care recipient for one extra hour per day. The values elicited in the three WTA questions referred to the hypothetical situation followed similar distributions in the two samples, with carers’ and non-carers’ mean/median WTA values (in general terms) amounting to €6.4/€5.5 and €6.5/€5.5, respectively. Overall, respondents’ valuations were sensitive to and consistent with their preferences over the tasks to be carried out in the extra hour of informal care, although a considerable proportion of subjects (around 25% in each group) provided the same value in the three hypothetical WTA questions. At the aggregate level, carers’ required a lower monetary compensation for one extra hour taking care of their loved one (mean/median WTA values €5.2/€4.5) than if they had to devote that time to look after the hypothetical care recipient. However, more than half of carers stated the same value under both situations (hypothetical and actual), which suggests that carers’ valuations were influenced by their own experience providing informal care. Finally, Chapter 4 tests whether the preference reversal (PR) phenomenon between choice and valuation decisions is attenuated as individuals learn through the acquisition of experience with those tasks. To that end, an experiment was conducted over two separate sessions, in order to distinguish the effect of the mere repetition of tasks (first session) from the joint effect of repetition and feedback (second session). Participants in the experiment were 319 undergraduate students at the University of Murcia (Spain). The sample was split into three groups, according to the nature of the lottery outcomes used: ‘money’, ‘years of life’ and ‘days without back pain’. The typical asymmetric pattern of PR was found in both sessions, being standard preference reversal (SPR) much more frequent than non-standard preference reversal (NSPR). To be exact, on average, 50% and 53% of respondents incurred in SPR in sessions 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the rate of NSPR in the same sessions was only 1.5% and 2.9%. The repetition of tasks in combination with feedback contributed significantly to attenuate the frequency of SPR, unlike the repetition of tasks on its own. This led to a significant rise in the number of consistent responses over the second session, although this improvement was limited due to the upward trend in NSPR over the same session. On the other hand, the rate of SPR was higher among those subjects who were exposed to health outcomes (especially in the group where the outcomes of the gambles were expressed in terms of years of life) than among those who faced monetary outcomes. Despite PR is a robust and persistent phenomenon, the results of this experiment reveal that a possible way to reduce its presence is to elicit preferences in interactive sessions, where respondents not only make the same tasks several times, but also have the opportunity to reflect on the consequences of the decisions made in those tasks. Nevertheless, this solution can lead to new biases, such as the rise in NSPR observed in the second session of the experiment.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-09T17:52:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ANTONIO PEREIRA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2014..pdf: 597533 bytes, checksum: 741e2e32988fe89dd00df90b6aa0c5c9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T17:52:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARLOS ANTONIO PEREIRA DA SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2014..pdf: 597533 bytes, checksum: 741e2e32988fe89dd00df90b6aa0c5c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08 / Capes / Neste trabalho, como uma aplicação adequada do bem conhecido Princípio do Máximo Generalizado de Omori-Yau, obtemos resultados relativos a rigidez para hipersuperfícies tipo-espaço completas imersas na metade Hn+1 do espaço de De Sitter Sn+11 , que é chamado de steady state space. Por outro lado, usando uma isometria equivalente para o modeloHn+1, estenderemos nossos resultados a uma família maior de espaços-tempos. Por fim, estudaremos também a singularidade de gráficos verticais inteiros nesses espaços-tempos ambiente. / In this work, as a suitable application of the well known generalized Maximum Principle of Omori-Yau, we obtain rigidity results concerning to complete spacelike hypersurfaces immersed in the half Hn+1 of the de Sitter spaceSn+11 , which models the so-called steady state space. Moreover, by using an isometrically equivalent model for Hn+1, we extend our results to a wider family of spacetimes. Finally, we also study the uniqueness of entire vertical graphs in such ambient spacetimes.

The following article conveys a critical revision of the concessions renewal regimen as a matter of public telecommunication services of the Peruvian normative. For that, the author will focus on analyze the existing renewal forms of telecommunication in the Peruvian legislation, as well as the principles that rule the renewal processes of the telecommunication concessions. In addition, the author offers a new perspective about the authorities that are able to perform the process mentioned before, to finally show us the probability to reform the used methodology of the expiration dates of concessions based on certain principles,and bestow a modification proposal. / El presente artículo trata sobre una revisión crítica del régimen de renovación de concesiones en materia de servicios públicos de Telecomunicaciones en la normativa peruana. Para ello, el autor se centrará en analizar las formas de renovación existente en la legislación peruana, así como los principios que rigen el proceso de renovación de las concesiones en Telecomunicaciones. Además, el autor nos brinda una visión sobre las autoridades competentes para realizar el mencionado proceso, para, finalmente, mostrarnos una probabilidad de reforma en la metodología de renovación de plazos de concesión basada en determinados principios, así como una otorgarnos una propuesta de modificación.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-04-12T00:00:00Z / Procura demonstrar composição dos recursos humanos do setor de faturamento de contas o de serviços médico-hospitalares, das instituições de saúde pesquisadas, mostrando o perfil encontrado, correlacionando-o com os vários níveis de glosas recebidos. Faz uma descrição do perfil das chefias, dos funcionários deste setor e a falta de preocupação, dos dirigentes, no aperfeiçoamento deste pessoal, analisando os prejuízos da não profissionalização.