Abstract Matchmaking on an organisational level – about co-operation between municipal introduction-units and voluntary organisations Essay in Political Science D, by Rebecka Johansson, spring 2006 The aim of this study is to examine co-operation between municipal introduction-units, which work to integrate newly arrived immigrants and refuges, and voluntary organisations in Sweden. The essay is a comparative case study which examines three local authorities and the main questions are; - Do voluntary organisations constitute a functioning co-operation partner to the municipal introduction-units? Are there conditions for future co-operation? The answer to the questions is that there are no, or rarely any, co-operation between voluntary organisations and municipal introduction-units. It is difficult to judge whether there are conditions for future co-operation. The theory used is interorganisational theory and it’s thesis on resource-dependency. According to the theory organisations need to have some kind of dependency towards the other organisations to be interested in co-operation. This study shows that the local authorities are more eager to co-operate than the voluntary organisations. Both types of organisations can see benefits with co-operation, but the voluntary organisations also see costs. The main problem for the voluntary organisations is lack of resources, both economic and personnel. Many organisations have too few volunteers. Both the local authorities and the voluntary organisations see the role of the voluntary organisations as being a complement to the local authorities. The local authorities are only willing to compensate the voluntary organisations economically for smaller costs in an eventual co-operation. In other fields such as healthcare the role of voluntary organisations has developed from being a voice to delivering services on payment from the public sector. The integration field has not reached this point, and many voluntary organisations are critical towards such a development as they fear losing their autonomy in a too close co-operation with the local authority. The local authorities want to co-operate, but they still want to be in charge of the introduction program.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur det skadereducerande arbetet gällande substansmissbruk iPortugal är utformat inom ett urval av frivilligorganisationer och hur rådande lagstiftningpåverkar arbetet. Den metod som användes i studien var en kvalitativ metod i form avindividuella intervjuer med fem medarbetare inom fyra olika frivilligorganisationer. Studiengenomsyras av de teoretiska utgångspunkterna systemteori samt etablerade och outsiders.Resultatet visade att skadereduktion är ett storskaligt arbete inom Portugal, vilken denavkriminaliserande lagen är essentiell för. Resultatet visade också att skadereduktion innebärolika åtgärder i form av distribution av material och företrädarskap för att återintegreramänniskor som befinner sig i socialt utsatta situationer till samhället. I resultatet framkom attdet finns en resistens i det portugisiska samhället gentemot skadereduktion och dess målgruppsom försvårar utvecklingen av arbetet. Slutsatsen som kunde dras var att det storskaligaskadereducerande arbetet är viktigt för att inkludera en annars exkluderad grupp människor isamhället, och att den avkriminaliserande lagen gör detta arbete möjligt. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how the harm reduction work regarding substanceabuse in Portugal is designed within a selection of voluntary organizations and how currentlegislation affects the work. The method used in the study was a qualitative method in the formof individual interviews with five employees within four different NGOs. The study ispermeated by the theoretical points of system theory as well as established and outsiders. Theresults showed that harm reduction is a large-scale work within Portugal, for which thedecriminalized law is essential. The results also showed that harm reduction involves variousmeasures in the form of distribution of materials and advocacy to reintegrate people who are insocially vulnerable situations into society. The results showed that there is a resistance to harmreduction and its target group in Portuguese society that complicates the development of work.The conclusion that could be drawn was that the large-scale harm reduction work is importantto include an otherwise excluded group of people in society, and that the decriminalizing lawmakes this work possible.

This thesis aims to examine the importance of the organization Process Kedjan regarding youth’s termination of delinquency and drug abuse. It also aims to examine in which extent the organization helps the youths in different ways than authorities, as well as how the organization can function as a complement to authorities. The thesis is designed as a case study and is based on the perspective of the organization’s members. The study was performed by using qualitative interviews with five boys who have received or still are receiving help from the organization. Three of them are still receiving support and two of them are now working in the organization. They are all in the ages between 18 and 25, and has been active in delinquency and drug abuse in the ages between approximately 12 and 20. The theory of age-graded informal social control by Laub and Sampson was applied in the analysis. In the processing of the empirical material it emerged that Process Kedjan has been of great importance for the youths in their desistance of delinquency and drug abuse. Other factors of significance has been: close relationships, daily routines and activities and a sense of guilt for the harm they have caused other human beings. Another finding in the study was that Process Kedjan has qualities that cannot be found in authorities. These qualities are summarized in four different terms: identification, reliance, accessibility and fellowship. By the result we could find that Process Kedjan is an important complement to the authorities work regarding to prevent relapse in delinquency and drug abuse among youths, but collaboration between the organization and different authorities is required to be able to help a youth. The organization has contributed to a better view on authorities among the youths, they now understand the importance of dealing with for instance social services. / Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka vilken betydelse organisationen Process Kedjan har för ungdomars upphörande av kriminalitet och missbruk. Den syftar även till att undersöka i vilken utsträckning organisationen hjälper ungdomar på andra sätt än myndigheter samt hur organisationen kan fungera som ett komplement till myndigheter. Uppsatsen är utformad som en fallstudie och utgår från medlemmarna i Process Kedjans perspektiv. Empirin har insamlats genom kvalitativa intervjuer med fem unga män som får eller har fått hjälp av organisationen. Tre av dem tar fortfarande emot hjälp och två arbetar numera i organisationen. I analysen tillämpades Laub och Sampsons teori om upphörandeprocesser, vändpunkter och sociala band. Vid bearbetning av det empiriska materialet framkom det att Process Kedjan har varit av stor betydelse för att ungdomarna ska kunna upprätthålla ett liv utan brott och missbruk. Andra viktiga faktorer har varit: nära relationer framför allt med familj, dagliga rutiner och aktiviteter samt en skuldkänsla av att ha orsakat skada hos andra människor. Det framkom också att Process Kedjans verksamhet innehåller delar som inte går att finna hos myndigheter. Dessa har sammanfattats i fyra olika begrepp: identifikation, tillit, tillgänglighet och gemenskap. I resultatet går det att utläsa att Process Kedjan är ett viktigt komplement till det arbete som myndigheter utför angående att förebygga återfall i kriminalitet och missbruk bland ungdomar, men för att kunna hjälpa en ungdom krävs ett samarbete mellan organisationen och olika myndigheter. Med hjälp av stöd från organisationens personal har ungdomarna fått en förändrad syn på myndigheter och ser nu vikten av att ha en kontakt med exempelvis socialtjänsten.

Bakgrund: En kvalitativ studie av arbetslivspedagogik i en särskild kontext vid en arbetplats med dubbla funktioner, arbetsplatsen är delvis rehabiliterande utöver sin funktion som arbetplats. Syfte:  I studien  belyses expansivt lärande utifrån möjligheter som kan finnas i den undersökta organisationen. Studien syftar till att  belysa lärande möjligheter inom  organisationen  KRIS och Unga KRIS, Halmstad. Beskrivning sker utifrån ett medarbetarperspektiv. Metod:  Studiens empiriska material insamlades genom  en enkät med Cultural- Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). Vilken används som teoretisk utgångspunkt i studien. Ytterligare  empiri insamlades  genom ett samtal inspirerat av Change Laboratory (CL). Resultat: Studien visar att organisationen som helhet har ett gott arbetsklimat och att medarbetarna på KRIS och Unga KRIS, Halmstad har goda möjligheter att påverka  och utveckla  organisationen. Vidare visar studien att  medarbetaren efter tre års tjänstgöring  hos tidigare nämnda organisationer ska vara redo för den reguljära arbetsmarknaden. Implikation: Organisationen KRIS och Unga KRIS, Halmstad bör  arbeta för att  förbättra lärlingssystemet smat att tydligare  arbeta med lärande i syfte att erbjuda  medarbetaren attraktiv  kompetensutveckling med anledning utav organisationens målsättning  för sina medarbetare. / Background: A qualitative study in work life pedagogy in a particular context of  a workplace  which has a partial rehabilitative purpose in addition to its primary function of beeing a workplace. Objective: This study aims to  shed  a light  on learning  opportunities  within the organization KRIS  and Unga KRIS, Halmstad. The description is based on a  employee perspective. This study also shed a light on  expansive learning based on  the opportunities  that may exist within the organization that have been studied. Method:  the study´s empirical data was collected through a feedback conversation  inspired by  Change laboratory (CL).  Results:  The  study  demonstarates  that the whole  organization  has  a good  work  climate  and that  the employees  on KRIS and Unga KRIS, Halmstad have good opportunitys to influence  and  further develop  the organization.  Furthermore, the study demonstrates  that the employee after three years of employment in  previously mentioned organizations shall be redy to enter the regular labor market. Implications: The organization KRIS and Unga KRIS, Halmstad should work  to improve  the trainee system and  more clearly work  on learning in order to  offer attractive  employee competence  development  considering  the organizational goal  for  their employees.

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This study is an examination of how a music education that is run by a NGO, Non Governmental Organisation, in South Africa works. The organisation Arkwork for Art NPC, and their artistic programme Access Music Project, AMP, based in Grahamstown in Eastern Cape province, works as an case study. This study shows what different opportunities and challenges are of the work with the project and describes who the young participants enrolled in the project are and how they experience the music education. Further more this work explore the relationship between music education and social justice. Information was gathered through qualitative semi-structured interviews with the participants and project founder and leadership of the project. Partly information also was gathered through unstructured observations. The result shows that Arkwork for Art is filling an important gap where the government lack resources to offer music education for youth in marginalised communities. The organisation struggle with many things, most difficult for them is to get stable funding. AMP have many big future plans and want for instance to change the curriculum of music education in the future. My examination shows that the participants are very satisfied to be a part of AMP and that the project has an important role in their lifes and the community where they are based.