Denna studie syftar till att undersöka socialarbetarens roll i återintegreringsprocessen i familj av pojkar som lever på gatan i Nepal samt de motstånd socialarbetaren kan möta under återintegreringen av barnen. Sex socialarbetare vid organisationen Voice of Children i Nepal har medverkat i kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer vilka ligger som grund för studiens resultat. I studien har två teorier använts för att analysera materialet, vilka är Family-Centered Practice och KAIMeR. Dessa har använts för att på ett djupare sätt förstå det arbetssätt och de hinder som socialarbetaren möter i arbetet med gatubarnen. Resultatet visar att socialarbetarens roll är att identifiera problem, finna lösningar samt stödja och motivera barn och familj. Relationen presenteras som den mest avgörande faktorn i förändringsarbetet samt ett individuellt bemötande och långsiktighet. När det kommer till motstånd beskriver socialarbetarna familjen som det primära problemet, ofta kopplat till bristande engagemang och ansvarskänsla, där missbrukande föräldrar, styvföräldrar och föräldrar med barn som har en funktionsnedsättning beskrivs som mer krävande fall. När det gäller motstånd av barnen är det ofta kopplat till grupptryck som att de flyr från organisationen för att vara med vänner som fortfarande är aktiva på gatan. Att kombinera arbetet mellan samhälls- och individnivå kan tänkas förhindra att barn hamnar på gatan på grund av problem på samhällsnivå, samtidigt som det hjälper gatubarnen att lösa problem på ett personligt plan. Detta gäller inte minst funktionsnedsatta barn, där det behövs mer kunskap och förståelse för att öka möjligheterna för nya, givande arbetssätt.

Denna kvalitativa studie har syftat till att få en ökad förståelse om hur en organisation och personal på organisationens barnhem i Nepal arbetar med gatubarn. Studiens fokus är att undersöka hur organisationen och personalen arbetar för att skapa en trygg tillvaro för barnen samt om denna tillvaro förstärker dem. För att uppnå studiens syfte och frågeställningar har semistrukturerade samtalsintervjuer och observationer genomförts på organisationen två barnhem. Sammanlagt har sex intervjuer genomförts med organisationens grundare, anställd personal på barnhemmen samt en rektor. Teorierna Empowerment och Känsla Av Sammanhang (KASAM) har använts för att analysera studiens empiriska material. Studiens resultat pekar på att organisationen och personalen på barnhemmen i Nepal arbetar för att skapa en normaliserad vardag och tillvaro för barnen samt ge dem ordentliga utbildningar, vilket kan leda till att barnen får en utveckling och varaktig förändring. Vidare arbetar organisationen och personalen utefter arbetssätt som kan skapa egna resurser hos barnen, som i sin tur kan tänkas stärka dem. / This qualitative study aims to get a better understanding of how the organization and staff of the organization's children's home in Nepal working with street children. The study's focus is to examine how the organization and the staff work to create a safe environment for children, and how this life strengthens them. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and research questions are semi-structured conversations interviews and observations conducted on the organization two orphanages. A total of six interviews were conducted with the organization's founder, staff of orphanages and a school principal. The theories empowerment and Sense of coherence (SOC) has been used to analyze the study's empirical material. The study results indicate that the organization and the staff of the orphanages in Nepal are working to create a normalized living and life for the children and provide them with proper education, which can lead to children getting a development and lasting change. Furthermore, the organization and the staff along approach that can create its own resources in the children, who in turn may strengthen them.

There is a large number of children living or spending most of their day on the street. The situation for those children is harsh since they for example do not get their basic needs met. Several organizations’ work includes interventions towards street children in their programmes, but the amount still increases every year. The aim with this study is to examine and explore which challenges the OVC-program face when working with street children, and how these challenges are addressed in their daily work. A qualitative approach was chosen where observations and interviews with personnel were conducted at the OVC- program in Iringa, Tanzania. The result shows that it is hard to know if the program’s goal – to reduce the number of street children in Iringa region – is reached as it is newly implemented. However, the program’s evaluation shows a positive trend. Focus in the work to fulfil the goal is primary the personnel’s attitudes towards the children. The result also shows that an empowerment- based approach is used in the daily work. By combining control and participation the possibility to help the street children to achieve autonomy increases. One challenge in the work is that this control limits the freedom on the street that the children desire. Consequently the relation between control and participation is important to create a successful intervention. / Det finns ett stort antal barn som lever eller spenderar merparten av sin dag på gatan. Situationen för dessa barn är svår, bland annat då deras basala behov inte blir tillgodosedda. Trots att många organisationer arbetar med interventioner riktade mot gatubarn ökar antalet varje år. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och utforska vilka utmaningar OVC-programmet möter i arbetet med gatubarn, samt på vilket sätt dessa utmaningar hanteras i den dagliga verksamheten. En kvalitativ ansats har valts för att besvara studiens syfte, där observationer och intervjuer med personal har genomförts på OVC-programmet i Iringa, Tanzania. Resultatet visar att programmets mål, att reducera antalet gatubarn i Iringaregionen, i dagsläget är svårt att uttala sig om då det nyligen är implementerat. Dock visar programmets utvärdering på en positiv utveckling. I arbetet mot att nå målet ligger fokus främst på personalens bemötande gentemot barnen. Resultatet visar även att ett empowermentbaserat arbetssätt tillämpas i den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att kombinera kontroll och medbestämmande skapas möjligheten att hjälpa gatubarnen till ett autonomt liv. En av utmaningarna i arbetet är att denna kontroll begränsar barnens frihet som de upplever och värdesätter på gatan. Därmed är relationen mellan kontroll och medbestämmande viktig för att skapa en lyckad intervention.

<p>This study focused on the level of success Unicef in Paraguay had in communicating its message concerning child street-workers to the press in Asunción. We also examined how the communication works between Unicef and the journalists, and how child street-workers appear in the press according to our sources. We based our study on the theoretical understanding of media logic and planned communication. These theories were useful to explain the possibilities and obstacles Unicef faces in its communication with the press. Our study builds on qualitative research interviews with journalists, communication staff at Unicef and the coordinator of the Global Agency of News, an organization that monitors how children appear in the Paraguayan press.</p><p> </p><p>We found that the communication between Unicef and the journalists is very important and highly valued by both Unicef and the Paraguayan newspapers. The relationship builds on constant trade, where both parts depend on each other. Unicef needs attention from the press in order to spread its message to the general public. The journalists need Unicef because the organization works as a trustable information source to back-up their articles regarding childhood.</p><p> </p><p>No one in our study was satisfied with the way child street-workers appear in the press. The children are often showed as victims or criminals and children’s rights are not always considered. A central problem is that awareness about children’s rights is low, both in the Paraguayan society and among many journalists. Unicef succeeds quite well in their communication with the journalists that are already aware of children’s rights. But the organization does not succeed in communicating with a big part of the press, as a lot of articles are still discriminative towards child street-workers.</p>

This study aims to explore how secondary prevention carried out at a Honduran institution for youth at risk is experienced by its professional workers and former residents. This qualitative research is based on ethnographic approaches conducted at Hogar de Niños Renacer, Tegucigalpa, which is a facility for institutional care of youth at risk. Renacer applies a holistic, multidimensional approach to preventive work by covering various dimensions of youth development such as needs for emotional care, education, and spiritual growth. All research participants claim that positive aspects of Renacer include the provision of such possibilities. The project is constantly developing and accommodates various areas in need of improvement such as acquiring sufficient, competent staff. The majority of individuals who have participated in Renacer‟s project are proven to establish a functioning adult life after leaving the institution.

This study focused on the level of success Unicef in Paraguay had in communicating its message concerning child street-workers to the press in Asunción. We also examined how the communication works between Unicef and the journalists, and how child street-workers appear in the press according to our sources. We based our study on the theoretical understanding of media logic and planned communication. These theories were useful to explain the possibilities and obstacles Unicef faces in its communication with the press. Our study builds on qualitative research interviews with journalists, communication staff at Unicef and the coordinator of the Global Agency of News, an organization that monitors how children appear in the Paraguayan press.   We found that the communication between Unicef and the journalists is very important and highly valued by both Unicef and the Paraguayan newspapers. The relationship builds on constant trade, where both parts depend on each other. Unicef needs attention from the press in order to spread its message to the general public. The journalists need Unicef because the organization works as a trustable information source to back-up their articles regarding childhood.   No one in our study was satisfied with the way child street-workers appear in the press. The children are often showed as victims or criminals and children’s rights are not always considered. A central problem is that awareness about children’s rights is low, both in the Paraguayan society and among many journalists. Unicef succeeds quite well in their communication with the journalists that are already aware of children’s rights. But the organization does not succeed in communicating with a big part of the press, as a lot of articles are still discriminative towards child street-workers.

Studien ämnar att skapa en djupare förståelse för arbetet med gatubarn i Kilimanjaro regionen, Tanzania, samt undersöka verksamma faktorer för att främja barnens levnadsvillkor. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialarbetare från organisationen Amani Centre for Street Children. En tematisk analys användes sedan för att analysera empirin utifrån social konstruktionism, symbolisk interaktionism, identitetsskapande, kommunikationsteori och empowerment. Studiens resultat antyder att samhället har en negativ syn på barn som bor och lever på gatan, vilket leder till stigmatisering och illa behandling. Denna syn, tillsammans med barnens liv på gatan och tidigare erfarenheter i hemmet, påverkar deras självuppfattning. Trots låg självkänsla och självförtroende har barnen utvecklat en känsla av självständighet och handlingskraft för att överleva på gatan. Detta gör det svårt för dem att anpassa sig till ett liv på center, vilket utgör en av de största utmaningarna för organisationen. Slutligen framkom det att organisationen använder olika strategier i arbetet med den utsatta gruppen, inklusive ekonomiskt stöd, olika utbildningar, individuellt anpassade stödprogram samt samtal med kuratorer. Genom att identifiera strategier, framgångsfaktorer och utmaningar i arbetet, syftar studien till en fördjupad förståelse för socialt arbete i en annan kontext än den svenska, samt förbättra situationen för denna sårbara grupp. / The study aims to create a deeper understanding of the work with street children in Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania, and to investigate effective factors to promote the children's living conditions. The empirical material has been collected through four semi-structured interviews with social workers at the organization Amani Centre for Street Children. A thematic analysis was then used to analyze the empirical data based on social constructionism, symbolic interactionism, identity formation, communication theory and empowerment. The results of the study suggest that society has a negative view of children living on the street, which leads to stigmatization and mistreatment. This view, together with the children's life on the street and previous experiences at home, affects their self-perception. Despite low self-esteem and self-confidence, children have developed a sense of independence and agency to survive on the streets. This makes it difficult for them to adapt to life in a center, which is one of the biggest challenges for the organization. Finally, it was found that the organization uses different strategies to work with the vulnerable group, including financial support, various trainings, individualized support programs and counseling. By identifying strategies, success factors and challenges, the study aims to deepen the understanding of social work in a context other than the Swedish one and improve the situation for this vulnerable group.

<p>The family is the first and oldest provider of social welfare in the West African country of Ghana. However, colonisation and urbanisation has changed that role and today additional providers of social welfare can be found; the government, religious organisations (churches etc), non-religious organisations and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs).</p><p>This study will confirm the claim that the church takes on a role as a surrogate family and that it steps in where the government is not present, doing social work which is intended for the government. The study will also investigate what kind of social work the churches carry out (including what they put their focus on, which is dependent on their finance and location) and how these different projects are financed.</p><p>The study was conducted during a six week period in Accra, capital of Ghana. Representatives from three Christian congregations (Presbyterian Church of Ghana in Kaneshie, Global Evangelical Church in Kotobabi and International Central Gospel Church in Teshie) were interviewed, as was Dr. Ayidiya at the Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, in order to get background information on the present social welfare system in Ghana.</p>

The family is the first and oldest provider of social welfare in the West African country of Ghana. However, colonisation and urbanisation has changed that role and today additional providers of social welfare can be found; the government, religious organisations (churches etc), non-religious organisations and Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs). This study will confirm the claim that the church takes on a role as a surrogate family and that it steps in where the government is not present, doing social work which is intended for the government. The study will also investigate what kind of social work the churches carry out (including what they put their focus on, which is dependent on their finance and location) and how these different projects are financed. The study was conducted during a six week period in Accra, capital of Ghana. Representatives from three Christian congregations (Presbyterian Church of Ghana in Kaneshie, Global Evangelical Church in Kotobabi and International Central Gospel Church in Teshie) were interviewed, as was Dr. Ayidiya at the Department of Social Work, University of Ghana, in order to get background information on the present social welfare system in Ghana.